Ungubani lo dokotela wezingane ezisanda kuzalwa? Ake sithole ukuthi kuyini ngempela!

Ingabe umndeni wakho uzokwengeza ilungu elisha ? Noma ingabe umngane noma isihlobo sizoba nomntwana? Ngakho-ke uma sikhuluma ngezingane ezisanda kuzalwa, ngezinye izikhathi sizwa 'ngodokotela wezinsana'. Ungubani lo dokotela wezinsana? Wenzani? Ake sixoxe ngakho konke lokhu kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.

Ubani lo dokotela wezingane ezisanda kuzalwa?

Kalula nje, i-Neonatologist inguchwepheshe ophatha izingane ezisanda kuzalwa, ikakhulukazi izingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma izingane ezinezinkinga zempilo ezikhethekile nezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Isibonelo, uma ingane yakho izalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma inokukhubazeka kokuzalwa, khona-ke le Neonatologist izothatha ukunakekelwa kwengane yakho. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba ingane izalwe, uma kutholakala ukuthi ingane inenkinga ethile yezempilo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ungathola usizo kulo dokotela ochwepheshe khona lapho. Futhi, kwezinye izimo, laba dokotela bakhona ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, okungukuthi, egumbini lokubeletha, futhi banikeze ingane ukunakekelwa okusheshayo ekudingayo.

Odokotela bezingane ezisanda kuzalwa bavame ukusebenza ezibhedlela ze-Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs). Lawa ma-NICU ayizikhungo zokunakekela ezikhethekile ezisebenza amahora angama-24 zezingane ezigulayo noma ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngemva kokuba ingane yakho ibuyele ekhaya isuka ku-NICU, bangase futhi banikeze ukunakekelwa okulandelayo futhi basebenzisane eduze nodokotela wezingane wengane yakho.

Yini ngempela eyenziwa yi-neonatologist?

Ngakho-ke, ake sibheke ukuthi yini ngempela eyenziwa yilochwepheshe. Udokotela wezinsana ngumuntu ohlinzeka ngokunakekelwa okukhethekile nokunakekelwa ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa ezinezifo ezinkulu, ukulimala, noma izinkinga kusukela ekuzalweni. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe, ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, uma kutholakala isifo sokuzalwa , kudingeka ukungenelela kwalo dokotela. Odokotela bezinsana basebenzisana nodokotela bezokubelethisa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umntwana unazo zonke izikhungo zezokwelapha ezidingekayo ekuzalweni. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi, ngemva kokuzalwa kwengane, uma kuvela inkinga engalindelekile, laba dokotela bayadingeka.

Nazi ezinye zezinto eziyinhloko ezenziwa yi-Neonatologist:

• Ithola futhi yelaphe izifo, izifo, noma ezinye izimo zezokwelapha ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa.
• Ukuhlanganiswa kokunakekelwa, ukuhlinzwa, kanye nokunye ukwelashwa okudingekayo kumntwanaUkwenza nokuphatha.
• Ukuhlolwa okufana nokuhlolwa kwegazi, ama-X-ray, ama-echocardiogram (EKGs), noma ama-ultrasound kuyalelwe ukuqapha isimo somntwana noma ukusebenza kwesitho somzimba.
• Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izingane ezigulayo zithola ukudla okunempilo.
• Usiza ekamelweni lokubelethisa futhi unikeza ukwelashwa okusheshayo kumntwana onesimo sempilo ngesikhathi sokuzalwa.
• Ukunakekelwa kwengane kuxoxwa ngakho nodokotela bezifo zabesifazane, ochwepheshe bezokwelapha komama nomntwana, kanye nodokotela bezingane.
• Umndeni unikezwa ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo okudingekayo ngenkathi umntwana ese-NICU.

Kunini lapho udinga ukubona khona udokotela wezingane ezisanda kuzalwa?

Kulungile, manje ungase uzibuze, "Kungani ngingafuna ukubona uchwepheshe onjengalona?" Ungabona udokotela wezinsana kuqala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwakho. Okusho ukuthi, uma ingane yakho engakazalwa itholakala inokukhubazeka kokuzalwa. Lokhu kungaba yizinkinga zesakhiwo kwesinye sezitho zomntwana, noma kungaba yizimo zofuzo ezizuzwe njenge- cystic fibrosis . Odokotela bezinsana basebenzisana nodokotela bezifo zabesifazane kanye nodokotela bezifo zabesifazane (ama-OBGYN) kanye nochwepheshe bomama nosana ukuze basize ekuphatheni ukunakekelwa kwengane yakho ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, nangemva kokuzalwa. Badinga futhi usizo lukadokotela wezinsana uma kukhona inkinga yezempilo engazelelwe, engalindelekile noma ukulimala ngesikhathi sokuzalwa.

Nazi ezinye izizathu zokuthi kungani ungabonana nodokotela wezingane ezisanda kuzalwa:

• Uma ukukhulelwa kwakho kuyingozi enkulu.
• Uma ingane yakho isengozini enkulu yokuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
• Uma ingane engakazalwa itholakale inesifo sokuzalwa.
• Uma ingane yakho izalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
• Uma umntwana elimele ngesikhathi sokuzalwa.
• Uma ingane yakho izalwa inegciwane noma esinye isifo.
• Uma kwenzeka noma yikuphi okunye ukuhlupheka okungalindelekile ngesikhathi sokuzalwa noma ngemva kokuzalwa.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zezimo ezelashwa yi-neonatologist?

Odokotela bezingane ezisanda kuzalwa baphatha kakhulu izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ezigulayo, ezilimele, noma ezidinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ngemva kokuzalwa. Nazi ezinye zezimo ezivame kakhulu abazelaphayo:

• Izitho zomzimba ezingakavuthwa kahle noma ezingakakhuli kahle.
• Isisindo Esiphansi Sokuzalwa Noma Ukuvinjelwa Kokukhula Kwengane Esanda Kuzalwa.
• Ukukhubazeka Kokuzalwa Noma Ukuphazamiseka Kokuzalwa.
• Izinkinga Zokuphefumula Noma Zokuphefumula.
• Izifo zenhliziyo ezifana nokwehluleka kwenhliziyo, ama-Septal Defects, noma i-Bradycardia.
• Izimo ezinjengokuquleka noma ukuphuma kwegazi ebuchosheni.
• Ushukela ophansi egazini (Ushukela Ophansi Egazini noma i-Hypoglycemia).
• Amapayipi okondla ukuze kulawulwe ukudla okunomsoco nokukhula noma ukuhlinzeka ngokudla.
• I-jaundice noma ezinye izinkinga zesibindi noma zezinso.
• Ukulimala Kokuzalwa.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwesazi sezingane ezisanda kuzalwa kanye nodokotela wezingane ojwayelekile?

Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abanawo. Udokotela wezinsana empeleni ungudokotela wezingane. Kodwa-ke, uqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ukwelapha izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa, okungukuthi, izinsana ezidinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, ezinezifo noma ukulimala okuthile. Odokotela bezinsana baqala bathole ulwazi kwezokwelapha izingane, bese bethola ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile okwengeziwe kwezokwelapha zezinsana. Ukugxila kwabo konke kusezinsaneni ezisanda kuzalwa ezisengozini yokufa ngenxa yesifo esithile noma ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa.

Kodwa-ke, udokotela wezingane ojwayelekile ungudokotela owenza ukuhlolwa kwempilo njalo futhi elapha izifo ezinganeni kusukela ngosuku ezizalwa ngalo kuze kube yilapho sezineminyaka engaba ngu-18 ubudala. Ngezinye izikhathi udokotela wezingane ezisanda kuzalwa nodokotela wezingane ojwayelekile basebenzisana ukunakekela umntwana.

Kalula nje, wonke uDokotela Wezingane Ezisanda Kuzalwa unguDokotela Wezingane, kodwa akuwona wonke uDokotela Wezingane onguDokotela Wezingane Ezisanda Kuzalwa!

Umuntu uba kanjani yi-Neonatologist?

Lokhu futhi kuyiphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu. I-Neonatology ingenye ingxenye ekhethekile emkhakheni we-Pediatrics. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuze ube yi-Neonatologist, kufanele uqale uqeqeshwe njengoDokotela Wezingane.

Ake sibone ukuthi lolo hambo luhamba kanjani:

1. Okokuqala, udinga ukuya eyunivesithi bese uthola i-Bachelor's Degree.

2. Ngemuva kwalokho, udinga ukuphumelela i-Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT) bese ubhalisa esikoleni sezokwelapha.

3. Ngemva kwesikole sezokwelapha,Kumelwe uqedele uhlelo lokuhlala e-Pediatrics. Lolu hlelo lokuhlala luhlala iminyaka engaba mithathu. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, uthola ulwazi oluningi olusebenzayo lokusebenza nezingane esibhedlela.

4. Ngemva kokuqeqeshwa kokuhlala, kufanele uqedele ubufellowship ekunakekelweni okujulile kwezinsana noma i-neonatology. Lolu hlelo lobufellowship luhlala eminye iminyaka emithathu.

5. Isinyathelo sokugcina ukuba yiBhodi Eliqinisekisiwe yiBhodi YaseMelika Yezifo Zezingane kanye ne-Sub-Board of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine.

Cabanga nje, ngemva kokwenza konke lokhu , kuthatha okungenani iminyaka eyi-11 ukuba yi-Neonatologist eqinisekiswe yiBhodi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-14.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezenziwa yi-neonatologist?

Odokotela bezingane ezisanda kuzalwa basebenzisa izindlela zokwelapha ezahlukahlukene ukuphatha impilo yengane yakho. Kukhona nemishini eminingi ekhethekile yokunakekela ingane yakho e-NICU. Uma ingane yakho idinga ukuhlinzwa, udokotela wezingane ezisanda kuzalwa uzosebenza nodokotela ohlinzayo wengane yakho.

Nazi ezinye zezindlela zokwelapha kanye nezinqubo ezivame ukusetshenziswa odokotela bezingane ezisanda kuzalwa:

• Ukwelashwa Kokuphefumula - Isibonelo, Ukucindezela Komoya Okuhle Okuqhubekayo (CPAP), I-Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO), I-Ventilator, njll.
• Ukwelashwa kokufudumala kwezingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ezingakwazi ukugcina izinga lokushisa lomzimba wazo.
• Ukwelapha ngokupholisa ingane enomonakalo wobuchopho.
• Ukwelashwa okulula ukwelapha i-jaundice.
• Uketshezi olufakwa emthanjeni (IV), ama-antibiotic, neminye imithi, noma ukumpontshelwa igazi.

Yini ongayilindela lapho uhlangana nodokotela wezingane ezisanda kuzalwa?

Uma uvakashela udokotela wezinsana ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwakho, uzoqala achaze isifo noma isimo osola ukuthi ingane yakho inayo. Bangaxoxa nohlelo lokwelashwa; noma kunjalo, lokhu kungase kungaziwa ngokugcwele kuze kube yilapho ingane isizelwe. Odokotela bezinsana baqapha ukukhulelwa kwakho kuze kube yilapho ingane izalwa. Kuye ngesimo sengane, udokotela wezinsana angasiza ekubeletheni ingane noma ekudluliseleni ingane e-NICU ukuze ithole ukunakekelwa okusheshayo.

Uma, ngokuzumayo, ingane yakho izalwa inesimo sempilo esingalindelekile, udokotela wezingane ezisanda kuzalwa uzochaza lesi simo kuwe futhi akutshele ukuthi bahlela ukumphatha kanjani umntwana.Bazokhuluma ngezingozi nezinzuzo zokwelashwa nokuthi yini ongayilindela. Ungesabi ukubabuza noma yimiphi imibuzo onayo ngesimo noma ukunakekelwa kwengane yakho. Kuyilungelo lakho.

Ingabe odokotela bezingane ezisanda kuzalwa bayazala izingane?

Yebo, kwezinye izimo ezikhethekile, odokotela bezingane ezisanda kuzalwa bayasiza ekubeletheni izingane. Isibonelo, uma ingane yakho inesimo sezokwelapha esidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha, udokotela wezingane ezisanda kuzalwa uzosiza udokotela wakho wezifo zokubelethisa egumbini lokubelethisa.

Ingabe udokotela wezingane ezisanda kuzalwa ungudokotela noma umhlengikazi?

Lokhu futhi kuyinto okudingeka uyazi kahle. Udokotela Wezingane Ezisanda Kuzalwa ungudokotela. Bangabantu abaphothule izifundo zabo esikoleni sezokwelapha.

Ngakho-ke, odokotela bezingane ezisanda kuzalwa bangabahlinzeki bezempilo abangochwepheshe ekwelapheni izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ezinezimo zezokwelapha noma ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa. Ungase uhlangane nodokotela wezingane ezisanda kuzalwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwakho, noma ungase udinge usizo lwabo ngokushesha nje ngemva kokuzalwa komntwana wakho. Odokotela bezingane ezisanda kuzalwa bakhona ukuze banikeze ukunakekelwa okungcono kakhulu kosana lwakho olusanda kuzalwa nokuqinisekisa ukuthi lukhula luphilile, noma ngabe iminyaka yalo yokuqala yokuphila ingaba yinto eyesabekayo kancane.

Yimaphi amaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu esifuna ukuwathatha ekhaya kulesi sihloko?

Kulungile, ngakho-ke, kusukela kulo lonke leli nkulumo, izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uzikhumbule yilezi:

• Udokotela wezingane ezisanda kuzalwa udokotela ogxile ekwelapheni izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa, ikakhulukazi lezo ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma ezinezinkinga zempilo eziyinkimbinkimbi.
• Bavame ukusebenza ema-NICU ezibhedlela (ama-Neonatal Intensive Care Units).
• Uma ukukhulelwa kwakho kuyingozi enkulu, uma ingane yakho inenkinga ngesikhathi izalwa, noma uma ingane yakho izalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ungase udinge usizo lukadokotela wezingane ezisanda kuzalwa.
• Udokotela wezingane ezisanda kuzalwa ungudokotela wezingane, kodwa ungumuntu othole ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile okwengeziwe ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa.
• Ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wezingane ezisanda kuzalwa noma yimiphi imibuzo mayelana nesimo somntwana wakho.

Khumbula, uma ingane yakho idinga usizo lochwepheshe onjengalona, ​​kusho ukuthi ingane yakho ithola ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okungcono kakhulu. Ngakho-ke hlala uqinile.

Izinsana , Udokotela Wezingane Ezisanda Kuzalwa, Ukuzalwa Kwangaphambi Kwesikhathi, I-NICU, Izinkinga Zokuzalwa, Izingane, Ukunakekelwa Kwezingane Ezisanda Kuzalwa