Ubani lo dokotela wezifo ohlola ubugebengu? Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe!

Wake wezwa 'ngoMcwaningi Wezifo Zobugebengu'? Mhlawumbe uke walibona leli gama ohlelweni lokuphenya ngobugebengu kuthelevishini noma ephephandabeni. Bangobani laba bantu? Iyini indima ebalulekile abayidlalayo? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngakho konke lokhu ngendlela elula kakhulu, njengokungathi sikhuluma nomngane.

Ubani lo dokotela wezifo zamehlo?

Kalula nje, isazi sezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane singudokotela ochwepheshe. Kodwa lo dokotela akayena nje umuntu owelapha izifo. Umsebenzi wakhe oyinhloko ukuphenya ngokucophelela ukufa okungalindelekile, okusolisayo, okungavamile, noma okunobudlova. Cabanga nje, uma umuntu efa ngokuzumayo futhi imbangela ingacaci, noma uma kukhona ukusola ukuthi kwakuyicala, yilapho usizo lwalesi sazi sezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ludingeka khona.

Uyazi ukuthi laba bantu benza kanjani lezi zivivinyo? Isikhathi esiningi , benza ukuhlolwa kwesidumbu. Okusho ukuthi, bahlola isidumbu somufi ngokwezokwelapha futhi bathole imbangela yokufa nokuthi kwenzeke kanjani. Ngakho-ke umsebenzi walaba bantu uhlobene kakhulu nezokwelapha kanye nomthetho.

Ngakho-ke, iyini i-"Pathology" kanye ne-"Forensics"?

Ake siqonde la magama amabili kancane.

"I-Pathology" ingenye igatsha elikhethekile lezokwelapha. Ihilela ukuthatha amasampula ezicubu zomzimba bese uzihlola ukuze kutholakale izifo noma ukuthola ulwazi ngezinjongo zokuhlola . Isibonelo, uma unesifo esithile, udokotela uthatha ingxenye encane yezicubu kuwe (i-biopsy) bese eyithumela ukuze iyohlolwa, akunjalo? Yilokho okushiwo yi-pathology.

Igama elithi "Forensic" lisho "ukuhlobana nezindlela zesayensi zokuxazulula ubugebengu." Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke ukufa okuhlolwa yisazi sezifo ezibucayi okufanele kube ubugebengu. Ngezinye izikhathi othile ufa ngengozi noma ukugula okungatholakali. Laba bantu bayasiza ekuchazeni konke lokho.

Yiziphi izindawo udokotela wezifo zamehlo agxile kuzo?

Laba odokotela banokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile nolwazi olungaphezu kolodokotela abajwayelekile. Ezinye zezindawo eziyinhloko zobuchwepheshe zifaka:

• I-Toxicology: Leli gatsha lezokwelapha lihlola izinhlobo zobuthi, ukuthi zithinta kanjani umzimba, nokuthi zingabonwa kanjani . Isibonelo, ubuthi obubangelwa amagesi afana ne-carbon monoxide, ukulunywa yizinyoka, ukugwazwa yizinambuzane, kanye nezidakamizwa ezifana nama-opioid noma ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile kuyaphenywa kulo mkhakha.

• Ucwaningo lwezinhlamvu kanye nokulimala ezikubangelayo (amanxeba e-Ballistics kanye ne-Ballistics): KulokhuIhlola ukunyakaza kwezinto ezifana nezinhlamvu kanye nemiphumela yazo emzimbeni . Ngokuhlola amanxeba omuntu odutshuliwe, ungathola izinto eziningi, njengokuthi hlobo luni lwesibhamu esidutshulwe kuso nokuthi sidutshulwe kude kangakanani.

• Ubufakazi bokulandelela: Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Kubhekisela ezintweni ezincane kakhulu ezishiywa ngemuva lapho izinto ezimbili noma abantu ababili beshayisana . Isibonelo, imicu engutsheni, uketshezi lomzimba, insalela yesibhamu, izinwele, izigxivizo zeminwe, njll. Lezi zinto ezincane zingasiza ekuxazululeni ngisho nobugebengu obukhulu.

• I-Serology: Lokhu kuhilela ukuhlola igazi kanye nolunye uketshezi lomzimba ngaphansi kwe-microscope, noma ukusebenzisa imishini ekhethekile (abahlaziyi) ukwenza izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene kula masampula. Lokhu kungasiza ekunqumeni uhlobo lwegazi nokuthi izifo ezithile zikhona yini.

• Ubuchwepheshe be-DNA: Cishe uke wezwa nge-DNA. Kuhilela ukufunda izinto zofuzo (i-DNA) nokuyisebenzisa ekuphenyweni kobugebengu. Isibonelo, ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA kusetshenziselwa ukuqhathanisa isampula ye-DNA etholakale endaweni yobugebengu ne-DNA yomsolwa, noma ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ungubani umuntu oshonile.

Yini ngempela eyenziwa yi-forensic pathologist?

Manje ake sibheke imisebenzi yabo eyinhloko. Uma umuntu efa ngokungazelelwe noma ngobudlova, umsebenzi wakhe oyinhloko ukuthola imbangela yokufa, isikhathi sokufa, kanye nendlela yokufa (okungukuthi, kungaba ukubulala, ukuzibulala, ingozi, ukufa kwemvelo, noma okunye okungenakunqunywa ngokuqiniseka).

Ukuze enze lezi zinto, isazi sezifo ezibangelwa ubugebengu silandela lezi zinyathelo:

1. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ungubani umufi noma ukuqoqa ulwazi oludingekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ungubani: Ngezinye izikhathi kunezikhathi lapho kunzima khona ukuthola ukuthi ungubani umufi. Ngaleso sikhathi, laba bantu bayasiza ekutholeni ukuthi ungubani ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene zesayensi.

2. Ukufunda umlando wezokwelapha womufi: Lokhu kusho ukubheka izifo kanye nemithi yomufi yangaphambilini, njengoba lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kungathinta ukufa.

3. Uma kuyicala, hlola ubufakazi obusendaweni yobugebengu maqondana nokufa: Laba bantu bahlola ukuthi ukufa kuhlobene kanjani nobufakazi obuqoqwe ngamaphoyisa.

4. Ukuhlola isidumbu ukuze kutholakale ubufakazi bokulimala noma ukugula: Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu abantu abaningi abayaziyo. Ukuhlolwa komzimba, ukulimala kwangaphakathi, izimpawu,Izinto ezinjalo ziyatholakala. Lobu bufakazi budinga ukuqoshwa ngokucophelela, ngoba buzobaluleka kakhulu ecaleni lenkantolo kamuva.

5. Ukuqoqa nokuhlaziya ubufakazi obuphathekayo emzimbeni: Izinto esikhulume ngazo ngaphambilini, njengemicu nezinwele, ziyaqoqwa ngalesi sikhathi bese zithunyelwa ukuze zihlolwe.

Ngemva kokuba zonke lezi zivivinyo seziqediwe, isazi sezifo eziphathelene nobugebengu silungiselela umbiko obhaliwe ochaza imbangela, isikhathi, kanye nendlela yokufa . Kungadingeka futhi ukuthi bafakaze ngalezi ziphumo njengofakazi ochwepheshe enkantolo, uma kudingeka.

Inothi elibalulekile: Odokotela bezifo ze-forensic ngezinye izikhathi bahlola iziguli eziphilayo eziye zahlukunyezwa ngokocansi noma zahlukunyezwa ngokomzimba.

Basebenza kuphi laba basebenzi bezokwelapha abangochwepheshe bezifo?

Ngokuvamile, odokotela bezifo ezibangelwa ubugebengu basebenza emahhovisi oMhloli Wezokwelapha noma uMhloli Wezifo ngaphansi komkhandlu kamasipala noma wesifunda. Okusho ukuthi, ezikhungweni zikahulumeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye bahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokuhlolwa kwesidumbu ezibhedlela, ezikoleni zezokwelapha, noma ngezikhungo ezizimele kubameli nemindeni.

Laba bantu bachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi e-morgue behlola izidumbu noma elabhorethri behlola amasampula ezicubu. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi kudingeka baye endaweni yokufa ukuze basebenze nabaphenyi bamaphoyisa.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Forensic Pathologist, i-Coroner, kanye ne-Medical Examiner?

La magama amathathu angadida kancane. Ake sibone ukuthi asho ukuthini.

• I-Forensic Pathology iyigatsha elikhethekile lezokwelapha. Okusho ukuthi, i-forensic pathologist ngumuntu oneziqu zobudokotela futhi oqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile.
• "Umhloli Wezokwelapha" yisikhundla somsebenzi esivame ukunikezwa udokotela wezifo zamehlo osebenzela uhulumeni. Okusho ukuthi, umhloli wezokwelapha cishe ungudokotela wezifo zamehlo ochwepheshe bezifo zamehlo.
• "Umhloli wezifo" yisikhulu sikahulumeni esiqokiwe noma esikhethiwe esiqinisekisa imbangela yokufa. Abahloli bezifo ngokuvamile ababona odokotela. Ngakho-ke, bavame ukusebenza ngokubambisana nodokotela wezifo ezibulalayo. Ungabona lolu hlelo naseSri Lanka.

Kalula nje, isazi sezifo eziphathelene nobugebengu ngumuntu oqeqeshwe kakhulu kwezokwelapha. Ezinye izikhundla ezimbili zingahluka kuye ngohlelo lwezomthetho lwamanye amazwe.

Uba kanjani isazi sezifo ezibangelwa ubugebengu?

Lolu uhambo alulula. Ukuba yi-forensic pathologist kudinga umsebenzi onzima kanye nokufunda okuningi. Indlela ejwayelekile okufanele uyilandele yile:

1. Qedela imfundo yangaphambi kobudokotela eyunivesithi bese uthola iziqu.

2. Bhalisa esikoleni sezokwelapha bese uqedela iziqu zobudokotela (`MD - Doctor of Medicine` noma `DO - Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine`).Lokhu kulingana neziqu ze-'MBBS' eSri Lanka.

3. Ukuphothula okungenani iminyaka emithathu yokuqeqeshwa kwezokwelapha ngemuva kokuthola iziqu (`Uhlelo lokuqeqeshwa kwe-Residency`). Lokhu kuhlanganisa zombili izindawo ze-Anatomical Pathology kanye ne-Clinical Pathology.

4. Ukupasa izivivinyo zebhodi lochwepheshe. Isibonelo, e-United States, udinga ukuthola lesi sitifiketi enhlanganweni efana ne-American Board of Pathology.

5. Bese uqedela ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile kobungcweti ku-Forensic Pathology. Leli yizinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokuqeqeshwa kochwepheshe kulo mkhakha.

Uyabona, lena inqubo ende yemfundo nokuqeqeshwa. Ukubekezela, ukuzinikela, kanye nesithakazelo esiqinile kuleso sifundo kubalulekile.

Lolu hambo luthatha isikhathi esingakanani?

Ngokwesilinganiso, kuthatha iminyaka engaba ngu-13 ukuba yi-forensic pathologist. Lokhu kufaka phakathi imfundo yangaphambi kwezokwelapha, isikole sezokwelapha, ukuqeqeshwa kokuhlala, kanye nokuqeqeshwa kobudlelwane. Ngakho-ke ukuzibophezela okukhulu ngempela.

Okokugcina, okufanele ukukhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Odokotela bezifo ze-forensic bayiqembu lochwepheshe bezokwelapha abenza inkonzo ebaluleke kakhulu ngasese. Uma kwenzeka ukufa okungalindelekile noma okusolisayo, ulwazi lwabo namakhono kubalulekile ekutholeni imbangela eqondile nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ubulungiswa buyafezwa. Nakuba ngezinye izikhathi singazwa okuningi ngalaba bantu, igalelo labo enkambisweni yokuphatha ubulungiswa emphakathini libaluleke kakhulu.

Cabanga nje, uma umuntu eshona ngengozi, ubugebengu, noma ngesinye isizathu, mingaki imibuzo amalungu omndeni anayo? "Kungani lokhu kwenzeke?", "Ubani obangela lokhu?" Izinto ezinjalo. Ochwepheshe bezifo ze-forensic benza umsebenzi omuhle wokunikeza izimpendulo zesayensi kuleyo mibuzo, futhi mhlawumbe banikeze ubufakazi obudingekayo ukuze bazise umuntu onecala enkantolo uma ekhona.

Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi esizayo lapho uzwa ngo-"Forensic Pathologist", usuyazi manje ukuthi bangobani nokuthi hlobo luni lwenkonzo ewusizo abayinikezayo.

I- Forensic Pathology, Isazi Sezifo, Ukuhlolwa Kwesidumbu, Ukuhlolwa Kwangemva Kokufa, I-DNA, I-Toxicology, Udokotela Wezomthetho, Isazi Sezifo Se-Forensic, Ukuhlolwa Kwesidumbu