Ake sifunde nje ngamaqhawe amabili amancane akha uhlaka lwethu: Ama-Osteoblast kanye Ama-Osteoclasts!

Wake wacabanga ngamathambo akho? Sivame ukuwacabanga njengezinto eziqinile, ezingashintshi. Kodwa akunjalo. Amathambo ethu ayizicubu eziphilayo , njengayo yonke eminye imizimba yethu. Ungase ungacabangi kanjalo, kodwa akhula njalo, aphuka, futhi athathelwa indawo, hhayi nje kusukela ebuntwaneni kuya ebudaleni, kodwa impilo yethu yonke! Izinhlobo ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu zamaseli ezisiza ngalo msebenzi omangalisayo zibizwa ngokuthi 'ama-Osteoblast' kanye 'nama-Osteoclasts'. Ake sixoxe kabanzi ngalawa amabili namuhla, akunjalo?

Obani 'ama-Osteoblast'? Benzani?

Kalula nje, ama-'Osteoblast' ayi- "Mason Jars" akha amathambo ethu. Ngezinye izikhathi abizwa nangokuthi 'amaseli e-osteogenic'. Yiwo aqinisa amathambo ethu, futhi yiwo enza amathambo amasha. Ama-'Osteoblast' anemisebenzi emithathu eyinhloko:

• Ukwakha amathambo amasha (ukwakheka kwamathambo ).
• Njengoba sikhula, okungukuthi, njengoba sikhula kusukela ebuntwaneni kuya ebudaleni, amathambo ethu ayashintsha ukuze avumelane nesimo somzimba wethu, inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi 'ukulungiswa kabusha'.
• Ukwelapha amathambo uma ephukile, ephukile, noma elimele .

Cabanga nje, lapho elinye lamathambo ethu lidinga ukukhula, ukushintsha ngandlela thile, noma ukuphola ngemva kokuphuka, lawa maseli 'e-Osteoblast' ashukunyiswa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene ngaphakathi emzimbeni wethu, noma 'ngama-hormone'. Bese lawa maseli 'e-Osteoblast' ayahlangana futhi enze futhi akhulule ingxube ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi 'i-bone matrix' . Le 'bone matrix' yakhiwe 'ngamaprotheni' afana ne-'collagen' kanye ne-'calcium' kanye ne-'phosphate', okuyizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu emathanjeni ethu. Lo msebenzi ufana nomuntu othela 'ukhonkolo' lapho akha umgwaqo. Angakha umgwaqo omusha sha. Noma angasebenzisa lelo 'khonkolo' elifanayo ukugcwalisa imifantu kanye nokuqhekeka komgwaqo omdala. Ngokufanayo, 'ama-Osteoblast', ama-'Mason', asebenzisa le 'bone matrix' 'khonkolo' ukwakha amathambo amasha, ukuqinisa amadala, nokuphulukisa aphukile. Ngemva kokuba izicubu ezintsha zamathambo zakhiwe ngale ndlela, amanye amangqamuzana 'e-Osteoblast' aba yingxenye yalelo thambo elisha. Abe esebizwa ngokuthi 'ama-Osteocytes' . Ngaphandle kwalokho, lapho izinsizakalo zabo zingasadingeki, lawo maseli ayafa.

Ake sifunde kancane ngalabo ababizwa ngokuthi 'ama-Osteocytes'?

Ama-osteocyte afana "nabalindi bokuphepha" ngaphakathi kwamathambo ethu.Njengokuthi. Amathambo ethu akhiwa kakhulu ngala maseli 'e-Osteocytes'. Ahlala ebuka ukuthi hlobo luni lokucindezela noma ingcindezi efakwa emathanjeni ethu. Uma sihamba, sigijima, noma siphakamisa okuthile, noma ngabe kukhona umthelela omkhulu njengokuphuka kwethambo, lawa 'ma-Osteocytes' ayakuzwa. Ngaleso sikhathi, yiwo athumela izimpawu kokubili kuma-'Osteoblast' (labo abakhayo) kanye nama-'Osteoclasts' (labo abaphukayo - sizoxoxa ngakho kamuva) ethi, "Nansi inkinga, woza uzoyilungisa." Isibonelo, uma ithambo liqhekeka noma liphuka, ama-'Osteocytes' yiwo aletha amanye amaseli ngokushesha endaweni, asuse izingcezu eziphukile, futhi asize ekwakheni ithambo elisha futhi aliphulukise.

Ngakho-ke hlobo luni lwamaseli ayi-'Osteoclasts'?

Ama-Osteoclast “yiqembu lokuhlanza” elincibilikisa futhi lisuse amangqamuzana amadala, alimele emathanjeni ethu. Kufana neqembu lokubhidliza. Yibo abenza indlela yokuthi ama-osteoblast akhe amathambo amasha.

Indlela elula yokukhumbula yile: `Ukuqhuma` kufana `nama-Builders`, `ama-Clasts` afana `nama-Cleaners`.

Ama-osteoclast akhipha ama-enzyme akhethekile. Lawa ma-enzyme ayancibilika futhi aphule ithambo elidala. Abangela ukusabela kwamakhemikhali ebusweni bezicubu ezindala zethambo, ancibilikise lezo zingcezu futhi enze indlela yokuthi kwakheke izicubu ezintsha neziqinile. Kodwa lapho ama-osteoclast encibilikisa amathambo, akufani ne-asidi edla ucezu lwensimbi njengasekhathuni. Le nqubo ilawulwa kakhulu futhi inembile . Ama-osteoclast ancibilikisa kuphela izindawo ama-osteocyte (izikhulu zokuphepha) okukhulunywe ngazo ngaphambilini aziphawule ngokuthi "yilapha lapho sidinga ukuyisusa khona." Ama-enzyme akhishwa ama-osteoclast ancibilikisa i-matrix yethambo eliqinile futhi amunce okuqukethwe kwalo. Bese kuba nemigodi emincane ebusweni bethambo. Uma lezo zimbobo sezakhiwe, ama-osteoblast (abakhi) angena futhi agcwalise izikhala ngethambo elisha. Kufana nomzamo weqembu!

Zibukeka kanjani lezi zisele 'ze-Osteoblast' kanye 'neze-Osteoclasts'?

Womabili la maseli mancane kakhulu futhi atholakala embozweni wangaphandle ('ulwelwesi lwamathambo') lwamathambo ethu kanye nangaphakathi kwamathambo ngokwawo.

• Ama-osteoblast ngokuvamile angamaseli amancane, amise okwesikwele.
• Ama-osteoclast makhulu kancane kunamaseli ethambo. Anesimo esiyindilinga, esifana ne-dome.

Yiziphi izifo ezivamile ezithinta ukusebenza kwala maseli?

Ama-osteoblast nama-osteoclast ayizingxenye ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu zamathambo ethu. Ngakho-ke, noma yisiphi isifo esithinta amathambo ethu singathinta nokusebenza kwala maseli. Nazi ezinye zezinkinga ezinkulu ezivimbela amathambo ethu ekwakheni nasekulondolozeni amandla:

• I-Osteoporosis - Lokhu kwenzeka lapho amathambo eba mancane, abe buthakathaka, futhi ephuka kalula.
• I-Osteopenia - Lokhu kuyisandulela se-osteoporosis. Ubuningi bamathambo buqala ukwehla.
• I-Hyperparathyroidism - Ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwama-hormone yizindlala ze-parathyroid, okubangela ukuba i-calcium isuswe emathanjeni.
• `Isifo sikaPaget samathambo (i-osteitis deformans)` - Kulokhu, inqubo yokulungiswa kwamathambo iyaphazamiseka, futhi amathambo angaba buthakathaka futhi aguge.

Ingabe kukhona ukuhlolwa okukhethekile ukuthola ngala maseli?

Ngokuvamile azikho izivivinyo ezithile zokuhlola ukuthi ama-osteoblast noma ama-osteoclast akho asebenza kahle kangakanani. Odokotela bavame ukuhlola impilo yethambo lonke, kunokubheka amaseli athile. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi, ukuhlolwa kwegazi (amalebhu) kungenziwa ukuhlola ukuthi ama-osteoclast akho asebenza kahle kangakanani noma ukusiza ekuxilongeni isimo esifana ne-osteoporosis. Nazi ezinye izivivinyo ezivamile zokuhlola impilo yamathambo akho:

• Ukuhlolwa kobuningi bamathambo (i-DXA scan) : Lokhu kusebenzisa ama-X-ray asezingeni eliphansi ukukala ukuthi amathambo akho aqine kangakanani. Kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi amathambo akho ayancipha njengoba ukhula, noma ukuthi unezimpawu ze-osteopenia noma i-osteoporosis.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Vitamin D (`ukuhlolwa kwe -Vitamin D okungu-25-hydroxy`) : Kuhlola ukuthi uthola i-`Vitamin D` eyanele yini.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-calcium : Lokhu kuhlola izinga le-calcium egazini lakho, futhi kungahlola nokuthi ingakanani i-calcium esemchameni wakho wamahora angama-24.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-`Intact parathyroid hormone (IPTH)` : Kuhlola amazinga e-parathyroid hormone.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Creatinine : Lokhu kuhlola ukuthi izinso zakho zisebenza kahle yini.

Yini okufanele siyenze ukuze sigcine amathambo ethu ephilile?

Kunezinto eziningana ongazenza ukuze ugcine amathambo akho ephilile futhi eqinile. Nazi ezinye zezinto ongazenza:

• Yidla ukudla okunempilo , ikakhulukazi ukudla okucebile nge-calcium ne-vitamin D.
• Yenza ukuzivocavoca okuthwala izinsimbi . Okusho ukuthi, ukuzivocavoca okufaka isisindo emathanjeni akho, njengokuhamba , ukugijima, nokukhwela izitebhisi.
• Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele . Ukubhema kuyingozi kakhulu emathanjeni.
• Thola i-calcium ne-vitamin D eyanele.Qaphela ukuthi uthola okwanele yini. Uma kudingeka, thatha izithasiselo ngaphansi kweseluleko sikadokotela.
• Thola ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha njalo . Uma uzizwa ugula noma ushintsha, bona udokotela ngokushesha.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwama-'Osteoblast' nama-'Osteocytes'?

Kokubili ama-'Osteoblast' kanye nama-'Osteocytes' angamaseli asiza ekwakheni nasekulondolozeni amathambo ethu. Kodwa kunomehluko omncane.

• Ama-osteoblast amaseli akha ithambo elisha, akhulise ithambo elikhona, futhi alilungise. Yiwo akhulula i-matrix yethambo futhi akhe izicubu ezintsha.
• Ama-osteocyte amaseli atholakala ngaphakathi kwezicubu zamathambo ezivuthiwe . Yilawo azwa ingcindezi nokucindezeleka emathanjeni bese ethumela izimpawu kuma-osteoblast nama-osteoclast, ethi, "Kunenkinga lapha, idinga ukulungiswa."

Okokugcina, okufanele ukukhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Manje usuyaqonda ukuthi la maseli amabili amancane abizwa ngokuthi 'ama-Osteoblast' kanye 'nama-Osteoclasts' anomthelela omkhulu kanjani empilweni yamathambo ethu. Asebenza ndawonye njalo, esiza amathambo ethu ukuba akhule, avuseleleke, futhi ahlale eqinile. Njengamaqhawe angadunyiswanga.

Kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65, abesifazane asebedlule esikhathini sokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, kanye nalabo abanezinkinga zezempilo ezingamahlalakhona ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha nokuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha. Lokhu kuvumela odokotela ukuthi baqaphe impilo yamathambo akho futhi bathole izimpawu zokuqala zokulahlekelwa amathambo noma i-osteoporosis.

Ngakho-ke, nakekela amathambo akho futhi. Ukudla kahle, ukuzivocavoca, nokuphila ngendlela enempilo yizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu!