Ingabe unenkinga yokwenza imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke? (Imisebenzi Yokuphila Kwansuku Zonke - ADLs) Masiqaphele lokhu!

Kunezinto esizenzayo nsuku zonke esingazicabangi nhlobo. Izinto ezifana nokuvuka ekuseni, ukugeza ubuso bethu, ukuxubha amazinyo ethu, ukugqoka, ukudla, ukugeza, nokuya endlini yangasese. Lezi yizinto odokotela abazibiza ngokuthi 'Imisebenzi Yokuphila Kwansuku Zonke' (ama-ADL) . Lezi yizinto ezibalulekile zokugcina imizimba yethu iphilile futhi isebenza kahle. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngisho nokwenza le misebenzi ebonakala ilula wedwa kungaba yinselele kwabanye abantu. Ake sixoxe kabanzi ngalezi zi-ADL namuhla, akunjalo?

Ayini ama-ADL? Kalula nje...

Kalula nje, (ama-ADL) yizinto eziyisisekelo esizenzayo ukuze sigcine imizimba yethu iphilile futhi siphile impilo yethu yansuku zonke. Lezi zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili. Esinye yizinto ezibalulekile emzimbeni - njengokudla, ukugeza, nokuya endlini yangasese. Ngaphandle kwalezi zinto, bekuyoba nzima ngathi ukuphila.

Enye ingxenye yimisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu , okuyimisebenzi ekusiza ukuthi uphile ngokuzimela nangokuzimele. Isibonelo, ukuphatha imali, ukuletha ukudla ekhaya, ukulima, kanye nokuwasha izingubo. Ukwenza lezi zinto kudinga ukucabanga nokuhlela kancane.

Ngezinye izikhathi, zicabange ukuthi kufanele wenze ukuhlinzwa okuncane. Ungase udinge usizo ngala ma-ADL izinsuku ezimbalwa. Lokho kuvamile. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangase badinge usizo ngale misebenzi isikhathi eside, mhlawumbe ngisho nokuphila kwabo konke. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yokuthi banesifo esingamahlalakhona esithinta ikhono labo lokunyakaza imizimba yabo, inkumbulo yabo, kanye namakhono abo okuxazulula izinkinga.

Kungani kubalulekile ukukhuluma ngalezi zi-ADL?

Uma uvakashela udokotela noma unakekela ilungu lomndeni, ithimba lezokwelapha cishe lizokhuluma ngalezi zinkinga. Uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, lesi akusona isihloko esilula ukukhuluma ngaso. Ungase ucabange, "O, ingabe kuzodingeka ngithembele kwabanye?" noma, "Ingabe umama/ubaba wami uzokwazi ukuhlala ekhaya eyedwa?" Lokhu kwesaba nokukhathazeka kuvame kakhulu.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma ngalokhu ngokukhululekile nangokwethembeka nodokotela wakho noma nethimba lezempilo lomuntu omthandayo.

Bazokulalela futhi baqonde ukuthi ufunani. Ngokukhuluma ngakho ngale ndlela nokuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izinketho zakho, wena nomndeni wakho ningenza isinqumo esingcono kakhulu. Ukuze ulungiselele le ngxoxo, kuyasiza ukwazi ukuthi odokotela basho ukuthini ngempela uma bethi ama-ADL.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-ADL...

Sishilo ngaphambilini ukuthi ama-ADL ahlukaniswe kakhulu izingxenye ezimbili.

1. Imisebenzi eyisisekelo yansuku zonke (Ama-ADL ayisisekelo)

Lezi yizinto esizenzayo nsuku zonke, ezibalulekile ekusindeni kwethu ngokomzimba. Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zibizwa ngokuthi imisebenzi yansuku zonke yomzimba , ngoba zihlobene ngqo nezidingo zomzimba wethu.

Ezinye izibonelo zama-ADL ayisisekelo:

• Ukondla:Ukuthatha ukudla okusepuletini, ukufake emlonyeni wakho, bese ukukudla ngendlela efanele.
• Ukugeza/Ukuhlanzeka Komuntu Siqu: Ukuya endlini yokugezela wedwa, ukugeza umzimba wakho, nokuzihlanza. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuxubha amazinyo akho nokugeza ubuso bakho.
• Ukugqoka: Ukukhetha nokugqoka izingubo ngokwakho. Izinto ezifana nokufaka izinkinobho nokuvala iziphu.
• Ukuzihlanza: Ukuya endlini yangasese wedwa, ukwenza okudingekayo, nokuphuma uhlanzekile.
• Ukudlulisa: Izinto ezifana nokuthutha usuka embhedeni uye esihlalweni, ukuvuka esihlalweni, nokuhambahamba egumbini.
• Ukuzibamba: Ikhono lokulawula ikhono lokuzikhulula nokuchama ngesikhathi nendawo ofuna kuyo.

Nansi into ebalulekile okufanele uyikhumbule. Kukhona umehluko phakathi kokwenza le ADL eyisisekelo nokuyenza ngokuphepha . Cabanga nje, ungazulazula endlini, kodwa uzizwa ungazinzile, noma uke wawa izikhathi ezimbalwa wasinda ngokulambisa. Uma kunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukutshela udokotela ngakho.

Kulula ukuhlehlisa izinto, ucabange ukuthi, "O, kunjalo nje uma usukhulile." Kodwa uma uthola ukuthi ukwenza le misebenzi eyisisekelo kunzima kunakuqala, ungavumeli lokho kukudikibalise. Uma utshela udokotela, bangase batuse ukwenza izinguquko ezilula. Isibonelo, ukususa omata abashelelayo ekhaya lakho noma ukufaka imigoqo yokubambelela endlini yokugezela.

2. Ama-ADL ezinsimbi zomculo (ama-IADL)

Le misebenzi, ebizwa ngokuthi Imisebenzi Yezinsimbi Zokuphila Kwansuku Zonke (IADLs), iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kune-ADLs eziyisisekelo. Idinga amakhono engqondo engeziwe ukuze iyenze. Ama-IADLs awasekeli nje kuphela izidingo zethu eziyisisekelo zomzimba, kodwa futhi nenhlalakahle yethu iyonke. Ukuze wenze le misebenzi, udinga ukwazi ukucabanga ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi, ukugcina izinto zihlelekile, futhi ukwazi ukuhambahamba ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwekhaya.

Ezinye izibonelo zama-IADL:

• Ukuphatha ikhaya: ukuhlanza indlu, ukwelula imibhede, ukukhipha udoti.
• Ukulungiselela ukudla: Ukuhlela ukudla, ukulungiselela izithako ezidingekayo, nokukupheka ngokuphephile.
• Ukuphatha imithi: Ukuthatha imithi ngesikhathi esifanele nangesilinganiso esifanele.
• Ukuphatha izimali: ukukhokha izikweletu, ukwenza ibhange, nokusebenzisa imali ngokuhlakanipha.
• Ukuthenga: Ukwenza uhlu lwezinto ozidingayo ekhaya lakho, ukuya esitolo, nokuzithatha.
• Ukusebenzisa ucingo: Ukukwazi ukushayela ucingo kumuntu othile nokuphendula izingcingo ezingenayo.
• Ezokuthutha: Ukuhamba wedwa ngebhasi, isitimela, noma ukushayela imoto yakho noma ukubhuka itekisi.
• Izingubo zokugeza:Ukuhlunga, ukuwasha, ukomisa, nokugoqa izingubo.

Ngokuvamile, lapho abantu beqaphela ukuthi abakwazi ukwenza la ma-IADL bebodwa, baqale bacele usizo ngale misebenzi. Ngezinye izikhathi, umuntu akaqapheli nokuthi udinga usizo ngama-IADL kuze kube yilapho ilungu lomndeni noma udokotela ekukhomba. Abantu abaningi abadinga usizo ngama-IADL bangenza ama-ADL ayisisekelo ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

Izidingo zomuntu zingase zishintshe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Isibonelo, umuntu onenkinga yokukhubazeka kwengqondo okuncane noma isifo se-Alzheimer's esisesigabeni sokuqala angase abe nobunzima bokwenza amanye ama-IADL kodwa angase angadingi usizo ngama-ADL ayisisekelo. Kodwa-ke, njengoba lesi simo siqhubeka, angase aqale ukuba nobunzima bokwenza ngisho nama-ADL ayisisekelo.

Yingakho ukuhlola ama-ADL ngokuvamile kungeyona into eyenzeka kanye kuphela. Kunalokho, abahlinzeki bezempilo, njengodokotela, abahlengikazi, kanye nabelaphi bezokwelapha emsebenzini, bangahlola njalo ikhono lakho lokwenza ama-IADL ayisisekelo kanye nama-IADL. Babheka noma yiziphi izinguquko ezingase zibonise isidingo sosizo olwengeziwe.

Odokotela bahlola nini ama-ADL?

Kunini futhi kangaki odokotela abahlola ikhono lakho lokwenza ama-ADL kuzohluka kuye ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nesimo sakho samanje. Ngokuvamile, abahlengikazi kanye nabelaphi bezokwelapha emsebenzini bangahlola ukuthi wenza kahle kangakanani la ma-ADL uma:

• Uma ulaliswe esibhedlela.
• Ngemva kokubuya esibhedlela.
• Ngesikhathi usalulama ekuhlinzweni, engozini yomzimba, ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu, noma isifo sohlangothi.
• Uma unesifo sokuwohloka kwemizwa, njengesifo i-Alzheimer's noma isifo i-Parkinson's, esinciphisa kancane kancane uhlelo lwezinzwa.
• Uma unenkinga yobuchopho.
• Uma unenkinga yempilo yengqondo.

Ama-ADL ahlolwa kanjani?

Odokotela basebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene ukuhlola ikhono lomuntu lokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Isibonelo, bangase bakubuke ngqo wena noma othandekayo wakho wenza le misebenzi. Ngezinye izikhathi, babuza abanakekeli ngalokho abakubonayo. Ngezinye izikhathi, umuntu onenkinga nge-ADL uzozibika yena .

Odokotela bangasebenzisa eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yalezi zindlela ndawonye ukuze bathole ukuqonda okungcono kakhulu kokuthi umuntu uyakwazi ukuzinakekela kahle kangakanani nokuthi hlobo luni losizo aludingayo. Kuye ngokuthi lungakanani usizo oludingekayo, odokotela bangancoma izinto ezinjengalezi:

• Ukusebenzisa izinto zokudla eziklanyelwe ngokukhethekile njengebhande lokudlulisa ukuze kusizwe umuntu aphakamise.
• Ukwenza izinguquko ekhaya, njengokusebenzisa izihlalo ezinezindawo zokubeka izingalo ukuze kube lula ukuhlala nokuvuka ezihlalweni.
• Ukuqasha ilungu lomndeni (umnakekeli ongakahleleki) noma umsizi wezempilo yasekhaya ukuze anakekele.
• Uma ucabangela ezinye izinketho zokuhlala, njengezindawo zokuhlala ezisizayo noma izindlu zokunakekela asebekhulile.

Odokotela bahlala bezama ukuncoma izinketho ezizokugcina wena noma othandekayo wakho niphephile ngangokunokwenzeka.

Iyini i-Katz Index? (Isikali se-Katz ADL)

Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi ``isikali se-Katz ADL``. Lolu uhlu lokuhlola oluvame ukusetshenziswa odokotela ukuze banqume ukuthi ungakwazi yini ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke. ``Isikali se-Katz ADL`` sibheka kakhulu ama-ADL ayisisekelo , futhi asibheki ama-IADL (imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu).

Isikali esithi ``Katz ADL'' silinganisa ukuthi ungazifeza kahle kangakanani izi-ADL eziyisithupha (6) eziyisisekelo. Uthola amaphuzu angu-1 (1) ngomsebenzi ngamunye ongawenza ngokuzimela , kanye namaphuzu angu-0 (0) ngomsebenzi ngamunye odinga usizo ngawo . Ngakho-ke, ungathola amaphuzu aphezulu ayisithupha (6). Uma amaphuzu ephezulu, kulapho ungenza khona umsebenzi ngokuzimela. Uma amaphuzu ephansi, kulapho ungadinga usizo oluningi empilweni yakho yansuku zonke.

Nazi ama-ADL ayisithupha ayisisekelo esikalini sika-"Katz ADL" nokuthi yini okudingeka uyenze ukuze uthole amaphuzu ngesilinganiso ngasinye sawo:

1. Ukugeza: Uma ungakwazi ukuhlanza umzimba wakho wonke ngaphandle kosizo, noma ngosizo lwengxenye eyodwa yomzimba (isib., umhlane).

2. Ukugqoka: Uma ungakhetha futhi ugqoke zonke izingubo zakho, futhi wenze izinto ezifana nezinkinobho nama-hook namehlo ngokwakho (ungadinga usizo lokubopha izintambo zakho zezicathulo).

3. Ukuhlanzwa kwendlu yangasese: Uma ungaya endlini yangasese ngaphandle kosizo, uhlale kuyo, uyisebenzise, ​​bese ubuya uhlanzekile.

4. Ukudluliselwa: Phuma embhedeni noma esihlalweni ngaphandle kosizo lomunye umuntu, uma ungakwazi.

5. Ukuzibamba: Uma unelawulo eliphelele lokuthi uzochama nini futhi kuphi futhi uzokhipha indle.

6. Ukondla: Uma ekwazi ukuthatha ukudla epuletini akufake emlonyeni wakhe eyedwa.

Odokotela basebenzisa isikali se-Katz ADL kanye nezinye izinhla zokuhlola noma ukuhlolwa ukuze bathole isithombe esiphelele salokho ongakwenza kanye nohlobo losizo oludingayo. Isibonelo, bangasebenzisa i-Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale ukuze babone ukuthi ungayenza kahle kangakanani imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi, njengokulungiselela ukudla noma ukwenza imisebenzi yasekhaya.

Uma uthola uhlu lokuhlola lwe-ADL ku-inthanethi, kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela ngaphambi kokulisebenzisa wedwa. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unezinhloso ezinhle kangakanani, kulula ukungaluqondi kahle uhlu lokuhlola olufana nalolu noma ukuthi luthini. Uma unenkinga ngawe noma ngothile emndenini wakho, into engcono kakhulu nephephile ongayenza ukukhuluma nodokotela bese uthola isiqondiso sakhe ngalokho okufanele ukwenze ngokulandelayo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Le misebenzi yokuphila kwansuku zonke (ama-ADL) yizinto esizenza njalo futhi zigxile kakhulu ezimpilweni zethu. Ngakho-ke, sivame ukungacabangi ngazo kuze kube yilapho wena noma othandekayo wakho ningakwazi ukuzenza. Yilapho imibuzo efana nokuthi, "Luhlobo luni losizo esizoludinga? Sizoludinga isikhathi esingakanani? Kuzokwenzekani ngekusasa lakho konke lokhu?" iqala ukuvela.

Imibuzo ifika engqondweni kalula, kodwa ukuthola izimpendulo akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi. Yingakho kubalulekile ukwabelana ngezinkinga zakho nodokotela. Bazobe bekulungele ukusebenza nawe futhi bathole izixazululo.

Uma uzizwa udangele, ukhungathekile, noma ukhathele nje ngenxa yalolu hlobo lokukhathazeka, cabanga ukukhuluma nomeluleki wezempilo yengqondo . Bangakuqonda ukuthi uzizwa kanjani futhi bakusize uthole izindlela ezinhle zokuphatha lezi zinguquko zokuphila kalula. Khumbula, awuwedwa!

Imisebenzi yokuphila kwansuku zonke, ama-ADL, ama-ADL ayisisekelo, ama-ADL okusetshenziswa kwemishini, ama-IADL, ukuhlolwa kwempilo, ukunakekelwa kwabadala, ukuhlala ngokuzimela