Uyafuna ukwazi ngalo mdlavuza wegazi? Ake sixoxe nge-Acute Monocytic Leukemia (AMoL)!

Wake wezwa nge-Acute Monocytic Leukemia, noma i-AMoL? Igama lingase lizwakale lingavamile, kodwa uhlobo lomdlavuza oluthinta igazi. Cabanga uma kukhona okungahambi kahle emaselini omzimba wethu akha igazi, futhi esikhundleni samaseli egazi anempilo, kwaqala ukwakheka amaseli omdlavuza? Yilokho okwenzekayo kuleli cala. Nakuba lokhu kuyindaba engathi sína, ake sixoxe ngayo kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.

Kuyini lokhu okubizwa ngokuthi i-Acute Monocytic Leukemia?

Kalula nje, i-Acute Monocytic Leukemia (AMoL) uhlobo lomdlavuza oluyilungu leqembu le-leukemia elibizwa ngokuthi i-Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Uyazi ukuthi i-leukemia ingumdlavuza wegazi. Ngakho-ke le-AMoL nayo ingumdlavuza wegazi . Kwenzeka lapho kukhona iphutha enkambisweni yokwakha amangqamuzana egazi emzimbeni wethu. Ukuze sibe nembile, amangqamuzana angavuthiwe okufanele abe amangqamuzana egazi anempilo, okungukuthi, amangqamuzana abizwa ngokuthi ama-blast , ayashintsha futhi abe amangqamuzana omdlavuza.

Ku-AMoL, lawa maseli angakavuthwa, noma ukuqhuma, ayamiswa njengoba ekhula abe uhlobo lweseli elimhlophe legazi elibizwa ngokuthi ama-monocytes . Kodwa-ke, esikhundleni sokuba ama-monocytes aphilile, anamathela esigabeni sokungavuthwa, noma sokuqhuma, futhi abe amaseli omdlavuza.

I-acute monocytic leukemia ingumdlavuza oyingozi kakhulu, osakazeka ngokushesha . Udokotela wakho uzokusiza ukuthola ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kwesimo sakho. Ungakhathazeki, sizoxoxa ngalokhu ngemininingwane eminingi.

Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo zalokhu?

Yebo, i-World Health Organization (WHO) ihlukanisa i-AMoL ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lweseli eliba nomdlavuza (okungukuthi, ama-monocytes). Ibizwa nangokuthi i-AML-M5 ngokusho kohlelo oludala lokuhlela lwe-French-American-British (FAB). Ngaphansi kwalolu hlelo, i-AML-M5 ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili:

I-leukemia ye-monoblastic ebukhali (AML-M5a)

Kulolu hlobo, okungenani amaseli angu-80% aba nomdlavuza ngaphambi kokuba akhule ngokugcwele. Lolu hlobo luvame ukubonakala ezinganeni ezincane nakubantu abadala abasebasha .

I-acute monocytic leukemia (AML-M5b)

Kulokhu, amangqamuzana angajwayelekile kakhulu aba nomdlavuza esigabeni esithuthukile kancane sokukhula kwamangqamuzana. Lolu hlobo aluthinti ngqo iqembu elithile lobudala .

Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kwezigaba kusiza odokotela ukuthi baxilonge lesi sifo. Kodwa-ke, uhlobo olulodwa alulona olubi kakhulu kunolunye. Zombili ziyizimo ezidinga izinga elifanayo lokunakwa.

Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu?

Izimpawu ze-AMoL zivame ukuvela futhi ziqhubeke ngokushesha . Nazi ezinye zezimpawu:

• Ukuphuka okulula nokophaUkwenzeka (ukuvuza kwezinsini, ukuphuma kwegazi njalo ekhaleni, njll.) Cabanga ukuthi uthola ukulimala okukhulu noma ngabe uvele uqhume endaweni ethile, noma izinsini zakho zopha igazi kakhulu uma uxubha amazinyo akho.
• Amachashazi amancane, ansomi, abomvu, noma ansundu ngaphansi kwesikhumba ( i-petechiae ). Lawa angase abukeke njengezimpukane ezincane, kodwa empeleni amachashazi egazi elivuza ngaphansi kwesikhumba.
• Ukuvuvukala kwezinsini noma ukukhula ngokweqile kwezicubu zezinsini.
• Ubuthakathaka nokukhathala okukhulu . Ukuzizwa nje sengathi awunawo amandla. Ukuzizwa ukhathele ngisho nalapho uvuka ekuseni.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Ukudla akunambitheki.
• Ukwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu . Uma wehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kokunciphisa umzimba, kuyinto okufanele uyinake.
• Isikhumba esimpunga.
• Isiyezi.
• Imfiva.

Ngezinye izikhathi, i-acute monocytic leukemia ingathinta ubuchopho bakho kanye nesistimu yezinzwa ephakathi . Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ungase ube nezimpawu ezifana nobunzima bokukhumbula nokugxila.

Kungani lolu hlobo lwesifo luvela?

Ochwepheshe bezokwelapha abakakazi kahle ukuthi yini ebangela i-AMoL. Kodwa kucatshangwa ukuthi ibangelwa ukushintshashintsha kwezakhi zofuzo , noma izinguquko ku -DNA yamaseli. Lezi zinguquko yizo ezibangela ukuba iseli eliphilile libe nomdlavuza.

Abacwaningi bathole ukuthi kwabanye abantu abane-AMoL, kukhona isifo sofuzo esibizwa ngokuthi i-chromosome rearrangement. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingxenye ye-chromosome eyodwa iyaphuka bese inamathela kwenye i-chromosome. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-chromosome translocation . Lesi sifo singabangela ukuthi iseli liyeke ukukhula njenge-monocyte bese liba yiseli lomdlavuza. Cabanga ngakho njengento ehambe kabi.

Ucwaningo ngalezi zinguquko zofuzo lusaqhubeka. Ukuqonda izakhi zofuzo ezibangela umdlavuza kuzosiza ochwepheshe ukuthi bathuthukise izindlela zokwelapha ezingcono zokulwa nawo.

Yiziphi izinto ezibangela lesi sifo?

Kunezici eziningana ezingandisa ingozi yokuthola i-Acute Monocytic Leukemia. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• Ukubhema kanye nokuchayeka ekubhemeni intuthu yomuntu obhemayo . Ngisho noma ungabhemi, ukuba seduze nabantu ababhemayo nakho kuyingozi.
• Uma uke wathola ukwelashwa komdlavuza ngaphambilini, isibonelo i-chemotherapy kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe.
• Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ezintweni ezibangela umdlavuza , njengekhemikhali efana ne -benzene ne -formaldehyde (etholakala kwezinye izimboni kanye nopende).
• Ukuchayeka emisebeni ngemva kwengozi yesiphehli senuzi noma ibhomu le-athomu.
• Uma unesifo sofuzo esidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane, isibonelo , i-Li-Fraumeni syndrome .
• Uma unezifo ezihlobene nomnkantsha wamathambo, njenge- myeloproliferative neoplasms .

Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuba nezici eziyingozi akusho ukuthi uzokuthola umdlavuza nakanjani . Kodwa-ke, kungcono kakhulu ukugwema izingozi ongazilawula, njengokungabhemi.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa yalesi sifo?

Uma une-AMoL, amaseli angajwayelekile anganqwabelana emnkantsheni wakho wamathambo . Njengoba wazi, umnkantshe yilapho kwenziwa khona amaseli egazi. Ngakho-ke lapho lawa maseli omdlavuza ekhula, acindezela amaseli egazi anempilo. Lokhu kungaholela ekunciphiseni kwamaseli abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi, nama-platelet, okungaholela ezinkingeni ezahlukahlukene. Isibonelo:

• I-anemia : Isimo esibangelwa ukwehla kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Lokhu kungabangela ukukhathala kanye nokwephuka.
• I-Neutropenia : Ukwehla kwama-neutrophils, uhlobo lweseli elimhlophe legazi, okwandisa ingozi yokutheleleka.
• I-Thrombocytopenia : Ukwehla kwama-platelet, okusiza ukujiya kwegazi. Lokhu kungabangela ukopha okwandisiwe ngisho noma kulimala okuncane.

Uyibona kanjani lesifo?

Odokotela basebenzisa uchungechunge lwezivivinyo ukuze bathole i-AML. Ngokusho kwe-World Health Organization, umuntu ubhekwa njengone-AML uma amaseli akhe egazi angu-20% noma ngaphezulu engajwayelekile, engavuthiwe. Futhi, amaseli angaphezu kuka-80% angajwayelekile kumele abe ama-monocyte noma ama-monocyte precursors.

Udokotela wakho uzothatha isampula yegazi, noma isampula yezicubu, uketshezi, noma umnkantsha. Lokhu empeleni kuhlolwa elebhu.

Lezi yizivivinyo ezisetshenziselwa ukuxilonga i-AMoL:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi : Ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele (i-CBC ) kungaveza izimpawu ze-AMoL, njengokwanda kwenani lamaseli amhlophe egazi. I-smear yegazi engaphandle ingahlola amaseli angajwayelekile.
• I-Bone marrow biopsy : Kulolu vivinyo, udokotela wakho uthatha isampula yezicubu noma uketshezi oluvela ethanjeni lakho (ngokuvamile ithambo lakho lesinqe). Isampula bese ihlolwa ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukuze kuhlolwe amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kungaba buhlungu kancane, kodwa kubalulekile ekuxilongweni.
• Ukumpompa komgogodla : Ukuze abone ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asakazekele ebuchosheni noma ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi, udokotela uthatha isampula yoketshezi lomgogodla wakho bese eluhlola.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Immunophenotyping: Lokhu kuhlola kubheka amaprotheni athile ebusweni bamaseli. Lawa maprotheni asiza ekuboneni amangqamuzana njengamaseli e-AMoL.
• Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Cytogenic : Lolu hlobo lokuhlaziywa luhlola ukudluliselwa noma ukuhlelwa kabusha kwama-chromosome ngaphakathi kwamaseli ahlotshaniswa ne-AMoL.

Iyini indlela yokwelapha lokhu?

Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa uwukuphola umdlavuza. Okusho ukuthi, kuze kube yilapho kungasekho amangqamuzana omdlavuza emnkantsheni wakho noma egazini. Kodwa lokhu akufanele kudidaniswe nokwelashwa . Ukwelashwa yisimo lapho umdlavuza usuphelile ngokuphelele futhi ungakabuyi.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kwe-acute monocytic leukemia yi-chemotherapy . Lokhu kungafaka izigaba ezilandelayo:

• Ukwelashwa ngokungenisa : Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenzisa inhlanganisela yemithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali ukuze kutholakale i-AMoL. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukuba nezikhathi eziningi ezithatha izinsuku eziningana, kudingeke ukuvakashelwa okuphindaphindiwe.
• Ukwelashwa kokuhlanganisa : Kulokhu kwelashwa, uzoqhubeka nokuthola i-chemotherapy yomthamo ophezulu ukubulala noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele. Lokhu kuzonciphisa amathuba okuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza abuye. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukuhlala izinyanga ezintathu kuya kwezine, esikhathini esiyizinsuku ezimbalwa.
• Ukwelashwa kokulungisa : Ngemva kokwelashwa kokuzinzisa, ungadinga i-chemo yomthamo ophansi izinyanga eziningana noma ngisho neminyaka.

Ukwelashwa okuqondiwe

Lokhu kwelashwa kuhlose izinguquko ezithile noma izinguquko kumaseli omdlavuza. Uma ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kungasebenzi, ungadinga ukwelashwa okuqondiwe . Noma, uma kukhona ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ezithile kumaseli omdlavuza, unganikezwa umuthi wokwelapha okuqondiwe osebenza ngokumelene nalolo guquko.

Ukufakelwa kweseli lesiqu

Ukuphela kwendlela yokwelapha ngokuphelele i-acute monocytic leukemia ukufakelwa i-allogeneic stem cell . Lokhu kungadingeka ngemva kokuba usukhululiwe. Noma, uma umdlavuza ubuya ngemva kokuba usukhululiwe, lokhu kufakelwa kungenziwa. Kule nqubo, udokotela ushintsha amaseli akho e-stem ngamaseli e-stem avela kumnikeli. Ngokuvamile, umnikeli ufana kakhulu negazi. Noma, kungaba umnikeli ongahlobene kurejista kazwelonke noma yamazwe ngamazwe.

Kodwa akuwona wonke umuntu ongafaka isitho sangasese sowesifazane. Kungabangela nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Uma udokotela wakho ekuncoma, uzochaza izinzuzo nezingozi zakho.

Izivivinyo zemitholampilo

Isivivinyo somtholampilo siwucwaningo oluhlola ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kwezindlela ezintsha zokwelapha. Kuye ngokuthi uxilongiwe yini, lokhu kungaba ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi kufanele yini uhlanganyele esivivinyweni somtholampilo.

Uphila kanjani nalesi simo? / Angakanani amathuba okululama?

Umbono womuntu one-acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL) uvame ukufana nomuntu one-acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Cishe abantu abathathu kwabayi-10 abane-AMoL basaphila eminyakeni emihlanu ngemva kokuxilongwa .

Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lezi zinombolo azibonisi ukwelashwa okusha. Ukwelashwa okusha kuvumela abantu ukuthi baphile isikhathi eside nge-AMoL. Futhi, isibikezelo sakho, noma ithuba lokululama, kuncike ezintweni eziningana. Isibonelo:

• Ubudala : Abantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-65 banethuba eliphezulu lokululama kwi-AMoL.
• Inani lamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi : Labo abanenani eliphansi lamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi banethuba elingcono lokululama.
• Impendulo yokwelashwa : Uma kutholakala ukuphulukiswa ngemva kokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali okuqala (i-induction chemotherapy), amathuba okululama aphezulu.

Uzinakekela kanjani?

Ukuphila ne-leukemia kungaba yinto ekucindezelayo . Ngisho nangemva kokuba usupholile, kungase kudingeke ubhekane nokwesaba ukuthi umdlavuza uzobuya. Kungase kudingeke ubhekane nemiphumela emibi yesikhathi eside yokwelashwa komdlavuza. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzinakekela ukusebenzisa zonke izinsiza ezitholakalayo kuwe . Lokhu kungafaka:

• Izinhlelo zokusinda emdlavuza : Ukuxhumana nabanye abantu abanomdlavuza kungakunikeza ukwesekwa okudingayo futhi kukusize uzizwe sengathi awuwedwa.
• Ukunakekelwa kwe-palliative : Ukunakekelwa kwe-palliative kukusiza ukuthi uphathe izimpawu zomdlavuza kanye nemiphumela emibi yokwelashwa komdlavuza. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isibikezelo sakho sinjani, lokhu kuyinsiza ebalulekile.
• Ukwelashwa : Abantu abaningi abanomdlavuza babhekana nokukhathazeka nokudangala. Ungathola usizo ngokuhlangana nomeluleki wezempilo yengqondo osebenza nabasindile kumdlavuza. Umeluleki angakusiza ukuthi ubhekane nokucindezeleka kwansuku zonke okubangelwa ukuxilongwa komdlavuza.

Kunini lapho udinga ukubonana nodokotela?

Kuzodingeka ubone udokotela wakho njalo ukuze aqaphe impendulo yakho ekwelashweni. Bazokwazisa uma kukhona izinguquko emzimbeni wakho ezingase zibonise ukuthi umdlavuza uyabuya. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphandle kokugodla lutho .

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela?

Nazi ezinye imibuzo ongayibuza udokotela wakho:

• Ngidinga ukwelashwa okunjani?
• Yimiphi imiphumela emibi okufanele ngiyilindele, futhi ngingayilawula kanjani?
• Ingabe ngidinga ukuhlanganyela esivivinyweni somtholampilo?
• Kukangaki lapho kuzodingeka ngize khona ukuze ngithole ama-aphoyintimenti okulandelela?
• Yiziphi izinsiza ezingangisiza?

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Ukuthola ukuthi wena noma ingane yakho ine-acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL) kungaba yinto eshaqisayo. Umdlavuza wegazi yizimo ezimbi kakhulu, futhi ukwelashwa kungaba nzima. Cishe uzobhekana nezikhathi eziningana zokwelashwa ezinsukwini, emavikini nasezinyangeni ezizayo.

Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula lokhu: Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zisiza abantu baphile isikhathi eside kunanini ngaphambili . Kwabanye, lezi zindlela zokwelapha zingaqeda ngokuphelele umdlavuza. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi yimiphi imiphumela ongayilindela. Khuluma nabo ngezinzuzo kanye nokubi kwenketho ngayinye yokwelashwa. Bangakusiza ukuthi ubhekane nalokho okuzayo.

Khumbula lokhu: Awuwedwa kulolu hambo. Odokotela, umndeni, nabangani bonke bakhona ukuzokusiza. Hlala uqinile!

I- Acute monocytic leukemia, i-AMoL, umdlavuza wegazi, izimpawu ze-leukemia, i-chemotherapy, ukufakelwa komnkantsha wamathambo, ukwelashwa komdlavuza