Wake wawubona umbiko wokuhlolwa kwegazi onezinhlamvu ezintathu nenombolo kuwo? Udokotela kungenzeka ukuthi ukutshelile ukuthi inani liphezulu kunezinga elijwayelekile. Kujwayelekile ukuzizwa ukhathazekile futhi wesaba ngesikhathi esinjengalesi. "O, iyini le ALT? Ingabe isifo esibi uma iphezulu?" Ungase ucabange. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Namuhla, ake sixoxe kalula nangokucacile ngokuthi iyini le ALT nokuthi lokhu kuhlolwa kusho ukuthini ngempela ngomzimba wethu.
Kalula nje, kuyini lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-ALT?
Ukuhlolwa kwe-ALT kuyindlela elula kakhulu yokuhlola igazi ehlola noma yimuphi umonakalo esibindini sakho. Nakuba sikubiza ngokuthi i-ALT ngegama layo elifushane, igama layo eliphelele yi -Alanine Aminotransferase . Esikhathini esidlule, yayibizwa nangokuthi i-SGPT (serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase) . Kungenzeka ukuthi ukubonile lokho emibikweni yakho yakudala.
Ngakho-ke le-ALT iyi -enzyme emzimbeni wethu. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, le-enzyme itholakala kakhulu ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana ethu esibindi. Inani elincane kakhulu litholakala nasezindaweni ezifana nezinso nemisipha. Ngokuvamile, i-ALT ikhona egazini lethu emazingeni aphansi kakhulu.
Cabanga ngesibindi njengebhasikidi elinamaqanda amaningi. Uma nje amaqanda ephephile, akukho nkinga. Kodwa uma ibhasikidi lonakele noma linyakaziswa, amanye amaqanda azophuka aphume, akunjalo? Yilokho okwenzekayo. Lapho amangqamuzana esibindi onakele ngenxa yesifo, imithi, ingozi, noma esinye isizathu, i-enzyme ye-ALT engaphakathi kwalawo maseli ikhishwa egazini. Yilapho ukuhlolwa kwegazi kukhombisa ukwanda kwamazinga e-ALT.
Kungani isibindi sibaluleke kangaka emizimbeni yethu?
Isibindi asisona nje esinye sezitho ezinkulu emzimbeni wethu, kodwa futhi sifana "nefektri eyinhloko" yomzimba wethu. Umsebenzi esiwenzayo awuyona into encane.
- Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Bile: I-Bile, esiza ekugayeni ukudla okunamafutha esikudlayo, ikhiqizwa yisibindi.
- Ukuhlanzwa kwegazi: Isibindi sihlunga imfucuza engafuneki kanye nobuthi (njengotshwala) egazini lethu, njengesihlungi samanzi.
- Ukusiza ukujiya kwegazi: Isibindi sikhiqiza amaprotheni adingekayo ukuze kumiswe ukopha uma kukhona ukulimala.
- Ukugcina izakhamzimba: Izinto ezifana namavithamini namaminerali ziyagcinwa futhi zigcinwe kuze kube yilapho umzimba uzidinga.
- Ukulawulwa kwezinga likashukela: Ushukela owengeziwe egazini uyagcinwa bese uguqulwa ube amandla uma kudingeka.
Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yokuthi yenza izinto eziningi ezibalulekile, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunakekela impilo yesibindi.
Kungaphansi kwaziphi izimo udokotela angakutshela ukuthi wenze lolu vivinyo?
Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani udokotela wakho engase acele ukuhlolwa kwe-ALT. Kungaba ukuthi unezimpawu ezihlobene nesifo sesibindi, noma kungaba ukuthi usengozini yokulimala kwesibindi.
| Izimpawu zesifo sesibindi | |
|---|---|
| Ubuhlungu besisu noma ukuqunjelwa | Isicanucanu nokuhlanza |
| Ukuphuzi kwesikhumba namehlo (i-jaundice) | Ukukhathala okukhulu kanye nobuthakathaka emzimbeni |
| Umchamo omnyama (njengombala wetiye) | Indle ephaphathekile (enombala wobumba) |
| Isikhumba esilumayo | - |
| Izici eziyingozi ezandisa ingozi yokulimala kwesibindi | |
|---|---|
| Ukuchayeka egciwaneni le-hepatitis | Ukuphuza ngokweqile |
| Ukuba nomlando womndeni wesifo sesibindi | Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwemithi ethile (isib., imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu efana ne-Acetaminophen ne-Ibuprofen) engalimaza isibindi |
| Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile | Ukuba nesifo sikashukela |
Ngezinye izikhathi, ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile, ukuhlolwa kwe-ALT kungenziwa njengengxenye yokuhlolwa kwakho kwezokwelapha kwaminyaka yonke. Kuphinde kusetshenziswe ukubona ukuthi ukwelashwa kusebenza kahle kangakanani uma usuvele unesifo sesibindi.
Ingabe kukhona ukulungiselela ngaphambi kokuhlolwa?
Ngokuvamile, akudingeki ukulungiselela okukhethekile uma ukuhlolwa kwe-ALT kwenziwa kodwa. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuhlolwa kuvame ukwenziwa kanye nezinye izivivinyo zesibindi (iphaneli yesibindi). Ezinye zalezi zivivinyo zingadinga ukuthi uzile ukudla amahora ambalwa. Ngakho-ke, buza udokotela wakho ukuthi kufanele yini ugweme ukudla noma ukuphuza ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.
Futhi, qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi imithi, amavithamini, noma ezinye izithasiselo ozithathayo. Eminye imithi ingathinta imiphumela yalolu vivinyo. Futhi, ukuzivocavoca kakhulu ngosuku olwandulela ukuhlolwa kungakhuphula okwesikhashana amazinga e-ALT. Ngakho-ke kungumqondo omuhle ukwazisa udokotela wakho ngalokho.
Uma kufika umbiko, usho ukuthini?
Uzothola imiphumela yokuhlolwa zingakapheli amahora ambalwa noma izinsuku ezimbalwa. Umbiko uzobala izinga lakho le-ALT kanye nobubanzi balo obujwayelekile .
Into ebalulekile ukuthi lolu hlu olujwayelekile lungahluka kancane kusuka kwelinye ilabhorethri kuya kwelinye. Ngakho-ke kufanele uqhathanise inani lakho nohlu olusembikweni wakho. Ngokuvamile, leli nani liphakathi kwamayunithi angu-7 no-56 ngelitha (U/L).
Amazinga aphezulu e-ALT
Izinga le-ALT eliphakeme libonisa uhlobo oluthile lokuvuvukala noma umonakalo kumaseli esibindi. Kodwa-ke, lokho kukodwa akusho ukuthi unesifo esibi sesibindi.
Khumbula, akubona bonke abantu abanamazinga aphezulu e-ALT abanesifo sesibindi esibi kakhulu. Eqinisweni, abantu abangaphansi kuka-5% abanamazinga aphezulu e-ALT batholakala benesifo sesibindi esibi kakhulu.
Kunezizathu eziningi zokukhuphuka kwamazinga e-ALT egazini:
- Isifo sesibindi esinamafutha: Lesi yisimo esivame ukubonakala emphakathini.
- Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane njenge-Hepatitis A, B, kanye ne-C: Lokhu kuthinta isibindi ngqo.
- Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile: Utshwala buyingozi esibindini.
- Imiphumela emibi yemithi ethile: Eminye imithi yokwelapha izinhlungu, imithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol, kanye nama-antibiotic kungabangela amazinga e-ALT akhuphuke.
- I-Cirrhosis yesibindi: Ukusha kwesibindi.
- Ukuncipha kokunikezwa kwegazi esibindini.
- I-Hemochromatosis: Insimbi eningi emzimbeni.
- Ezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, njenge-mononucleosis (mononucleosis).
Amazinga e-ALT aphansi
Lokhu akubonakali kaningi. Amazinga aphansi e-ALT ngokuvamile awayona imbangela yokukhathazeka. Kodwa-ke, akuvamile kakhulu, angahlotshaniswa nezimo ezifana nokuntuleka kwe-vitamin B6 noma isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona. Uma amazinga akho ephansi, udokotela wakho cishe uzoyala ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.
Yiziphi ezinye izivivinyo ezenziwayo ukuze kutholakale isithombe esiphelele sempilo yesibindi?
Ukuhlolwa kwe-ALT kumane nje kuyisici esisodwa sephazili. Ukuze ubone isithombe sonke, udokotela wakho uzodinga ezinye izingcezu ezimbalwa. Yingakho ukuhlolwa kwe-ALT kuvame ukwenziwa njengengxenye yochungechunge lwezivivinyo ezibizwa ngokuthi "Ukuhlolwa Komsebenzi Wesibindi" (LFTs) .
Enye i-enzyme ebalulekile kulolu chungechunge lwezivivinyo yi -AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase) . Njenge-ALT, le enzyme ikhona nasegazini lapho amaseli esibindi onakele. Kodwa-ke, i-AST ikhona nasemazingeni aphezulu kune-ALT ezindaweni ezifana nenhliziyo nemisipha.
Udokotela wakho uzoqhathanisa amazinga akho e-AST kanye ne-ALT (isilinganiso se-AST/ALT) . Lesi silinganiso sinikeza udokotela wakho inkomba ebalulekile yohlobo lomonakalo wesibindi kanye nembangela yawo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uchungechunge lokuhlolwa lwe-LFT lungafaka okulandelayo:
- I-Bilirubin
- I-Albumin
- I-alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
- Iphrotheni ephelele
- I-Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)
Ngokuhlanganisa ulwazi oluvela kuzo zonke lezi zivivinyo, udokotela wakho angafinyelela esiphethweni esinembile mayelana nempilo yesibindi sakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-ALT kuyindlela elula yokuhlola impilo yesibindi sakho.
- Ukwanda kwamazinga e-ALT kubonisa ukuthi kukhona umonakalo noma ukuvuvukala okuthile kumaseli esibindi.
- Kodwa-ke, izinga le-ALT eliphakeme lodwa akusho ukuthi unesifo sesibindi esibi kakhulu. Lingathinteka yizimbangela zesikhashana (njengemithi noma ukuvivinya umzimba).
- Udokotela wakho ngeke enze isinqumo ngokusekelwe kuphela ezingeni lakho le-ALT. Uzocabangela ezinye izivivinyo zokusebenza kwesibindi, njenge-AST, nazo zonke izimpawu zakho ukuze afinyelele esiphethweni esinembile.
- Uma unenkinga mayelana namazinga akho e-ALT, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho ngokukhululekile. Ungazami ukuzixilonga ngokusesha ulwazi ku-inthanethi.
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