"Umama/ubaba wethu usekhula kancane manje, futhi akasakhohlwa njengoba ayenjalo ngaphambili..." Le ndaba ingase ijwayele wena. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukukhohlwa izinto ezincane njengokuthi izihluthulelo zikhona kuphi noma igama lomuntu kuyingxenye evamile yokuguga. Kodwa uma lokhu kukhohlwa kukhula kancane kancane futhi kufinyelela eqophelweni lapho singakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yethu yansuku zonke, kufanele sikhathazeke kancane ngakho. Ngoba, kungaba uphawu lwesifo esibizwa ngokuthi i-dementia. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalezi zimo ezimbili ezibizwa ngokuthi i-dementia kanye ne-Alzheimer's.
Okokuqala, kuyini i-dementia?
Kalula nje, i-dementia ayisona isifo esithile. Yigama elihlanganisa izimo eziningi ezithinta indlela ubuchopho bethu obusebenza ngayo, ikakhulukazi lezo eziphazamisa inkumbulo, ukucabanga, ukucabanga kanye nokwenza izinqumo.
Ukuze kutholakale ukuthi umuntu unesifo sokulahlekelwa yingqondo, kumelwe abe nokuthile okungaphezu kokukhohlwa okuvamile. Ngokuvamile, kumelwe abe nokukhubazeka okukhulu okungenani kwamakhono amabili alandelayo:
- Inkumbulo: Ukukhohlwa izenzakalo nezingxoxo zakamuva.
- Ukuxhumana kanye nenkulumo: Ubunzima bokuthola amagama, ukukhohlwa lokho obufuna ukukusho ngenkathi ukhuluma.
- Ukunaka nokugxila: Ubunzima bokugxila entweni eyodwa.
- Ukucabangela nokwahlulela: Ubunzima bokwenza izinqumo, ukungakwazi ukuhlela.
- Ukubona ngamehlo: Ngezinye izikhathi ukubona izinto ezingekho (ukungaqondi), ukungakwazi ukuhlukanisa imibala.
Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zimpawu zifana kakhulu, kungaba nzima ukuthola ukuthi uhlobo luni lwesifo sokuwohloka komqondo umuntu omthandayo anaso. Ngakho-ke uma uya kudokotela wakho, kubalulekile ukucaca ngazo zonke izimpawu zakho, imithi, ukusebenzisa utshwala, kanye nanoma yiziphi izifo zangaphambilini.
Ngakho-ke siyini isifo sika-Alzheimer?
Isifo i-Alzheimer's yisimo esivame kakhulu ngaphansi kwegama elihlanganisa i-dementia esixoxe ngalo ngaphambili. Phakathi kuka-60% no-80% wabantu abanesifo i-Alzheimer's banesifo i-Alzheimer's. Yisimo esiqhubekayo esiba sibi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngokuvamile sithinta abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-65. Okwamanje akukho ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezingasiza ukulawula izimpawu nokugcina impilo isezingeni elihle.
Esifweni i-Alzheimer's, amaprotheni angajwayelekile abizwa ngokuthi 'ama-plaque' akheka phakathi kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa ebuchosheni bethu, bese 'ehlangana' ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa.Ukuqongelela kwezinto ezifana nemicu kubizwa ngokuthi. Njengalapho kukhona ukuminyana okukhulu kwezimoto emgwaqweni, izimoto ziyama, ngenxa yalokhu, ukugeleza kwemiyalezo phakathi kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa kuyama, futhi ekugcineni amangqamuzana ezinzwa ayabhujiswa.
Yisimo salesi sifo ukuthi, nakuba ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo kungaba kuncane ekuqaleni, izimpawu ziya ngokuya ziba zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Izimpawu ezivamile zesifo i-Alzheimer's:
- Ukukhohlwa amagama abantu, imicimbi, kanye nezingxoxo zabo.
- Ubunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo.
- Izinguquko zobuntu: ukulahlekelwa isithakazelo ezintweni owawuzijabulela, ukusola abanye, ukuba nolaka.
- Ukushintsha kwesimo sengqondo kanye nokucindezeleka.
- Ukwehluleka kokwahlulela kanye nekhono lokwenza izinqumo.
- Ukudideka.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuba nzima ukubamba ingxoxo evamile noma ngisho nokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Nakuba udokotela engenakusho ngokuqiniseka okungu-100% ukuthi yi-Alzheimer's, ukuhlolwa kokubona ubuchopho okufana nokuskena kwe-MRI kanye nokuhlolwa okulinganisa izinto ezifana nenkumbulo, ukunaka, kanye nolimi kunganikeza ukuxilongwa okunembile.
Ezinye izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-dementia
Ngaphandle kwesifo i-Alzheimer's, kunezinye izimo eziningana eziwela esigabeni se-dementia. Kubalulekile futhi ukuzazi lezi.
| Uhlobo lwe-dementia | Izici ezibalulekile namaphuzu abalulekile |
|---|---|
| I-Vascular Dementia | Lolu uhlobo lwesibili oluvame kakhulu. Lubangelwa ukuvaleka noma ukulimala kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi ebuchosheni. Kufana nalokho okwenzekayo lapho ipayipi lamanzi livalekile esihlahleni. Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo akuyona uphawu lokuqala, njengasesifo i-Alzheimer's. Kunalokho, izinkinga zokuhlela kanye nokwenza izinqumo ezingezinhle kungaba yizimpawu zokuqala. |
| Isifo sengqondo esihambisana nezidumbu zikaLewy | Lesi simo sibangelwa amaqoqo amaprotheni angajwayelekile abizwa ngokuthi ama-Lewy bodies akheka emaseli ezinzwa zobuchopho. Kungabangela ukubona izinto ezingekho, izinkinga zokulala, kanye nokunyakaza okungahlelekile, okufana nalokho okubonakala kwisifo sikaParkinson.Kuqalwa ukuqashelwa. Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo kwenzeka njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka. |
| I-Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) | Lokhu kubhubhisa amangqamuzana ezinzwa ezingxenyeni zangaphambili neziseceleni zobuchopho. Ngakho-ke, kuthinta kakhulu ubuntu nokuziphatha. Umuntu angaba nolaka kakhulu ngokuzumayo, akhohlwe ukuthi aziphatha kanjani emphakathini. Izinkinga zolimi nazo ziyavela. Ngokuvamile zingaqala esemncane kune-Alzheimer's (cishe eneminyaka engama-60 ubudala). |
| Ezinye izinhlobo ezingavamile | Kukhona futhi izinhlobo ezingavamile kakhulu ze-dementia, njengesifo se-Creutzfeldt-Jakob (CJD) kanye nesifo sikaHuntington , ezingaba zimbi kakhulu ngokushesha okukhulu. |
Zinjani izindlela zokwelapha?
Akukho ukwelashwa kwesifo i-Alzheimer's noma izinhlobo eziningi ze-dementia. Odokotela bagxila kakhulu ekuphatheni izimpawu, ekunciphiseni ukuqhubeka kwalesi sifo, kanye nokunikeza isiguli impilo enhle isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka.
Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha:
- Imithi yokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo: Kunemithi engasiza ekulawuleni ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo kubantu abane-Alzheimer's kanye nezinye izinhlobo ze-dementia.
- Imithi yokushintsha kokuziphatha nokwengqondo: Imithi enikezwa ukulawula izinto ezifana nokucindezeleka, ulaka, kanye nokungahlaliseki.
- Imithi yezinkinga zokulala: Isiza ekungakhululeki okubangelwa ukushintsha kwezindlela zokulala.
- Ukwelapha ezinye izimbangela: Ngezinye izikhathi, izimpawu ze-dementia zingabangelwa yizimo ezingelapheka, njengokuntuleka kwe-vitamin B12 noma uketshezi oluningi ebuchosheni (i-hydrocephalus). Kulezi zimo, ukwelapha imbangela eyinhloko kunganciphisa noma kuqede izimpawu. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola ukuxilongwa okunembile kusenesikhathi.
Izinto okufanele uzikhumbule uma uhlala nomuntu onesifo sokulahlekelwa yingqondo
Uma othile emndenini wakho enalesi simo, ukuxhumana naye kungaba nzima kancane, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba nesineke nokuqonda.
- Ungakhulumi ngabo phambi kwabo: Gwema ukukhuluma ngesifo sabo phambi kwabo, ucabanga ukuthi ngeke baqonde. Bafake engxoxweni.
- Ungabuzi ukuthi, "Uyakhumbula...?":Lowo mbuzo ungabenza bangakhululeki. Uma bengakhumbuli okuthile, kungcono ukushintsha isihloko kunokuzama ukubakhumbuza.
- Ungaphikisani: Ngisho noma lokho abakushoyo kungalungile, ungabadideki kakhulu ngokuphikisana ngakho. Khuluma ngokuthula nangobumnene.
- Ungabaphazamisi: Lalela ngesineke lapho bekhuluma, noma ngabe kuthatha isikhathi ukuthola amagama.
Lesi simo singakhathaza isiguli ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba, kanye nokuthi wena usinakekele. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukucabanga ngempilo yakho. Uma kudingeka, bona udokotela ukuze uthole iseluleko.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Dementia yigama elijwayelekile lezifo eziningana ezithinta ukusebenza kobuchopho. Uhlobo lwe-Alzheimer's luvame kakhulu.
- Kuvamile ukukhohlwa izinto ezincane njengoba ukhula. Kodwa uma inkumbulo yakho, ukucabanga, nokuziphatha kwakho kushintsha kuze kube yilapho ungakwazi ukusebenza empilweni yakho yansuku zonke, ungakushayi indiva.
- Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zimpawu ziyafana, kubalulekile ukuthola ukuxilongwa okunembile. Ukuze uthole lokhu, funa iseluleko kudokotela oqeqeshiwe.
- Nakuba kungekho ikhambi eliphelele lezinhlobo eziningi ze-dementia, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezingalawula izimpawu futhi zigcine impilo isezingeni eliphezulu.
- Ukutholakala kwalesi sifo kusenesikhathi kungakusiza ukuthi uthole ukwelashwa futhi uhlele ikusasa. Ngakho-ke ungesabi, futhi uma unokungabaza, khuluma nodokotela.
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