Kuyini i-Dementia? Ake sixoxe ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zalesi simo.

Wake waphawula ukuthi umuntu osekhulile ekhaya lakho, mhlawumbe umama wakho, ubaba, ugogo noma u-anti wakho, uhlukile kunangaphambili? Kungenzeka ukuthi uke waphawula ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi bayakhohlwa izinto, balahleke ezindaweni abazijwayele, noma baziphatha ngendlela engajwayelekile kunakuqala. Sivame ukuzilahla lezi zinto ngokuthi "kunjengoba kunjalo uma ukhula." Kodwa, akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zimpawu zingaba izimpawu zokuqala zesifo sobuchopho esibizwa ngokuthi i-dementia. Ngakho-ke namuhla sizokhuluma ngalokhu.

Kuyini ngempela i-Dementia?

Kalula nje, i-dementia ayisona isifo esisodwa. Ifana nesambulela. Ngaphansi kwalesi sambulela, kunezimo eziningi ezithinta ukusebenza kobuchopho, ikakhulukazi inkumbulo, amakhono okucabanga, kanye nokuziphatha. Lezi zimo zingaba zimbi kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kodwa izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okufanele, izinga lesi sifo siba sibi kakhulu lingalawulwa.

I-Dementia ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko:

1. I-dementia eyinhloko: Lapha, i-dementia yisimo esiyinhloko. Akwenzeki njengomphumela wesinye isifo.

2. I-dementia yesibili: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho izimpawu ze-dementia zivela ngenxa yesinye isimo sezokwelapha, njengesifo sohlangothi.

3. I-dementia eguqukayo: Ngezinye izikhathi, imbangela elula, njengokuntuleka kwamavithamini, ingabangela izimpawu ezifana ne-dementia. Lezi zimpawu zizophela uma imbangela isilashiwe.

Izinhlobo ezivamile ze-dementia

Ake sibheke izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zesifo sokulahlekelwa yingqondo. Ukwelashwa wena noma othandekayo wakho okutholayo kuzoncika ekutheni hlobo luni onalo.

Isifo sika-Alzheimer

Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu olufika engqondweni lapho abantu abaningi becabanga nge-dementia. Cishe abantu abangu-70% abanesifo se-dementia emhlabeni wonke bahlushwa yilesi simo. Nakuba imbangela eqondile yesifo se-Alzheimer ingakaziwa okwamanje, kukholelwa ukuthi ukuguga, izakhi zofuzo, izici zemvelo, kanye nendlela yokuphila (ukudla, ukulala, njll.) kudlala indima. Uma ubheka ukuskena kobuchopho, ungabona izinguquko ezikhethekile odokotela abazibiza ngokuthi "ama-plaque nama-tangles."

I-dementia yemithambo yegazi

Lolu uhlobo lwesibili oluvame kakhulu. Imbangela enkulu yalokhu ukuvaleka kwegazi eliya ebuchosheni. Le ngozi iyanda ngezimo ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-cholesterol, isifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo, noma isifo sohlangothi. Esikhundleni sokuqala ngezinkinga zokukhumbula njengesifo i-Alzheimer's, lolu hlobo luvame ukuqala ngobunzima bokuhlela, ukuhlela nokwenza izinqumo .

Izici ezijwayelekile:

• Izimpawu ezifana nohlangothi (isb., ubunzima bokukhuluma).
• Ukucasuka noma ukudideka kalula, ikakhulukazi ebusuku.
• Shintsha indlela yokuhamba (isib. ukuhudula imilenze phansi esikhundleni sokuhamba izinyawo zakho zimi phansi).
• Ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi yomzimba.
• Ukuzizwa unesidingo esiphuthumayo sokuchama.

Isifo sengqondo esihambisana nezidumbu zikaLewy (i-DLB)

Imizimba ye-Lewy uhlobo lweprotheni eqongelela phakathi kwamangqamuzana obuchopho. Iphazamisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwamangqamuzana. Isici esiphawulekayo salesi simo yikhono lokubona izinto ezingekho (ukubuka izinto ezingekho) .

Ezinye izici:

• Ubunzima bokucabanga nokugxila.
• Ukuzwa noma ukuhogela izinto ezingekho.
• Ukukhuluma, ukuhamba, nokukhahlela emaphusheni.
• Izimpawu ezifana nesifo sikaParkinson, njengokuthuthumela komzimba noma ukunyakaza okuhamba kancane.

Isifo sikaParkinson's dementia (PDD)

Isifo sikaParkinson yisimo esithinta isimiso sezinzwa. Cishe abantu abangu-50% abanalesi sifo babhekana nezinguquko ezithile ekukhumbuleni nasekucabangeni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kufana kakhulu ne-DLB.

Izimpawu zifaka phakathi izinkinga zenkumbulo zesikhathi esifushane noma eside, ukushintsha kwemizwelo, kanye nezinkolelo ezingavamile (isib., ukucabanga ukuthi othile uzama ukukulimaza).

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-dementia

Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezibalwe ngenhla, kunezinye izinhlobo eziningana ze-dementia.

I-dementia exubile

Abanye abantu bangase babe nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kweyodwa ze-dementia. Isibonelo, bangase babe nesifo i-Alzheimer's kanye ne-vascular dementia. Ezimweni ezinjalo, izimpawu zingaba nzima, okwenza ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kube nzima.

I-Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD)

Kulesi simo, amaseli asezingxenyeni zangaphambili neziseceleni zobuchopho ayalimala. Lezi zingxenye zilawula ukuziphatha kwethu, ubuntu bethu, inkulumo yethu, kanye nokunyakaza kwethu. Ngakho-ke, lezi ziguli zingabona izinguquko ezinkulu ebuntwini bazo nasekuziphatheni kwazo . Isibonelo, zingase ziziphathe emphakathini ngaphandle kwamahloni, futhi zingase zisho noma yini efika engqondweni.

I-dementia eqala ebuntwaneni

I-dementia ivame ukuthinta abantu asebekhulile, kodwa futhi ayivamile ukuthinta abantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-65. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'i-young-onset dementia'. Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo kungaba olunye lwezimpawu zokuqala kulaba bantu. Uma unalesi simo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ezinye izinhlobo ezingavamile

Kunezinye izinhlobo eziningana ezingavamile ze-dementia.

• Isifo sikaHuntington: Lesi yisifo esibangelwa ufuzo.
• Isifo iCreutzfeldt-Jakob: Isimo esingavamile, esisakazeka ngokushesha esibangelwa amaprotheni angajwayelekile abizwa ngokuthi "ama-prions."
• I-hydrocephalus evamile yokucindezela (NPH): Isimo esibangelwa ukungajikelezi kahle koketshezi lomgogodla (CSF). Izimpawu zivame ukukhululeka ngokususwa koketshezi oluningi ngokuhlinzwa nge-shunt.
• I-Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS): Isimo esibangelwa ukuntuleka kwe-thiamine (i-vitamin B1), ikakhulukazi kubantu abaphuza kakhulu.
• I-HIV-associated dementia: Ingabangelwa yigciwane le-HIV elihlasela ubuchopho.
• I-encephalopathy ebuhlungu engapheli (CTE):Isimo esingabangelwa ukulimala ekhanda okuphindaphindiwe (isib., abasubathi, izisebenzi zempi).

Uma usola ukuthi wena noma othile emndenini wakho unezinye zalezi zimpawu, sicela ungakuzibi. Bheka udokotela ofanelekayo ngokushesha okukhulu ukuze uthole iseluleko. Ungathunyelwa kudokotela wezinzwa. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kungathuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yempilo yakho.