Ake sixoxe ngezinhlobo ze-anemia ezingavamile.

Amaseli abomvu egazi ayisevisi yokulethwa kwezidingo ethwala umoya-mpilo kuwo wonke amaseli nezicubu emzimbeni wakho. Cabanga ukuthi kuzokwenzekani uma le sevisi yokulethwa kwezidingo ingasebenzi kahle? Umzimba wakho awutholi umoya-mpilo owudingayo. Yilapho-ke siqala ukuzizwa sikhathele, sikhathele, futhi siphelelwa umoya. Kalula nje, lesi yisimo esisibiza ngokuthi i-anemia, noma njengoba abantu abaningi besazi, 'i-anemia.'

Uma sicabanga nge-anemia, iningi lethu licabanga nge-anemia yokuntuleka kwensimbi. Yilolo hlobo oluvame kakhulu. Kodwa bewazi ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezingavamile kakhulu ze-anemia eziba nabantu abambalwa kuphela? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngezinhlobo ezimbalwa ze-anemia esingakazizwa kangako ngazo.

I-Aplastic Anemia

Amaseli egazi omzimba wethu, okungukuthi amaseli abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi, nama-platelet, akhiqizwa amaseli okuqala egazi emnkantsheni wamathambo. Cabanga ngomnkantshe njengemboni eyenza amaseli egazi. Uma abasebenzi kule mboni, ababizwa ngamaseli okuqala, belimele, abakwazi ukukhiqiza amaseli egazi amasha. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-aplastic anemia.

Lesi simo singaba khona lapho kuzalwa (ngokuthola ifa lofuzo kumzali), noma singakhula kamuva. Uhlobo lokuqala kamuva luvame ukubonakala. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungaba okwesikhashana.

Izinto ezingayibangela kamuva:

• Izifo ezizenzakalelayo njenge-lupus kanye ne-rheumatoid arthritis.
• Ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali anjengezibulala-zinambuzane, i-arsenic, ne-benzene.
• Izifo ezifana ne-hepatitis, i-Epstein-Barr virus, kanye ne-HIV.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kanye ne-chemotherapy yomdlavuza.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungabangelwa yizimo zofuzo ezifana ne-Fanconi anemia. Izimpawu ezifana nokuphelelwa umoya, isiyezi, ikhanda elibuhlungu, isikhumba esikhanyayo, ubuhlungu besifuba, kanye ne-tachycardia zingabonakala. Ukwelashwa kufaka phakathi ukumpontshelwa igazi kanye nokufakelwa amaseli okuqala .

I-Sideroblastic Anemia

Lokhu futhi kuyisifo segazi. Okwenzekayo ukuthi umzimba wakho awukwazi ukusebenzisa insimbi oyidingayo ukuze wakhe i-hemoglobin, iphrotheni ethwala umoya-mpilo egazini. Insimbi engasetshenziswa iyanqwabelana emzimbeni, yakhe uhlobo olungavamile lweseli elibomvu legazi elibizwa ngokuthi ama-sideroblast.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zalokhu futhi:

1. Uhlobo olutholiwe: Lungabangelwa amakhemikhali noma imithi ethile.

2. Uhlobo lwefa:Kubangelwa ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okuthinta ukukhiqizwa kwe-hemoglobin.

Izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu besifuba, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukuphelelwa umoya, kanye nokukhathala okukhulu kungabonakala kuzo zombili izinhlobo. Ukwelashwa kuncike embangela. Uma kubangelwa umuthi noma ikhemikhali ethile, kufanele kugwenywe. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zifaka phakathi ukwelashwa nge-vitamin B6 kanye nokufakelwa umnkantsha.

Izifo ze-Myelodysplastic (MDS)

Lokhu kubhekwa njengohlobo lomdlavuza. Okwenzekayo ukuthi umongo wakho wethambo wonakele futhi awukwazi ukwenza amangqamuzana egazi anempilo anele.

Abanye abantu bazalwa benesakhi sofuzo esibangela lesi simo. Futhi, inani elincane labantu lingathuthuka i-MDS ngemuva kokwelashwa ngemisebe noma ngamakhemikhali omdlavuza. Ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali anjenge-benzene, atholakala kugwayi, nakho kuyisici esiyingozi.

Nakuba abanye abantu bengase bangakhombisi izimpawu, abanye bangase babe nalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

Odokotela bezifo zomdlavuza kanye nodokotela begazi bayelapha lesi simo. Izindlela zokwelapha zifaka phakathi ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nokufakelwa kwamaseli e-stem.

I-Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

Kalula nje, amasosha omzimba wakho aphatha kabi amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi anempilo abe yizitha bese eqala ukuwabhubhisa. Abhujiswa ngokushesha kunokuba kungenziwa amangqamuzana amasha abomvu egazi.

Uma unesifo sokuzivikela komzimba njenge-lupus, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ube nalesi simo. Singabangelwa futhi yimithi ethile, njenge-penicillin. Izimpawu zifaka phakathi ukukhathala, ukuphaphatheka, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ukuphefumula kanzima, ukubanda, ubuhlungu emhlane, kanye nokuphuzi kwesikhumba (i-jaundice). Kunezindlela zokwelapha ezingasiza ekulawuleni amasosha omzimba, njengokunikeza ama-steroids kanye nokususa i-spleen ngokuhlinzwa.

Ezinye izinhlobo ezingavamile ze-anemia

Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezixoxwe ngenhla, kunezinye izinhlobo eziningana ezingavamile kakhulu ze-anemia.

I-Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia (CDA)

Lolu uhlobo lwe-anemia oluzuzwa njengefa. Lubangelwa ukwehla kwenani lamaseli abomvu egazi anempilo emzimbeni. Kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko, futhi abanye abantu bangase bangadingi ukwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, kuye ngokuthi lesi sifo sibucayi kangakanani, ukwelashwa okufana nokumpontshelwa igazi kanye nokufakelwa amaseli okuqala kungadingeka.

I-Diamond-Blackfan Anemia

Lesi futhi yisifo esibangelwa izinguquko zofuzo. Kulesi simo, umongo awukwazi ukwenza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anele. Izimpawu zifaka phakathi ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ukukhathala, isikhumba esimpunga, ubude obufushane, namathambo abuthakathaka.

I-Megaloblastic anemia

Kulesi sifo sokuntuleka kwegazi, umongo wamathambo ukhiqiza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi amakhulu ngendlela engavamile, angavuthiwe. Lawa awakwazi ukuthwala umoya-mpilo kahle. Imbangela eyinhloko ukuntuleka kwevithamini B12 noma ivithamini B9 (folate) . Izimpawu ezifana nokuzungeza, ukukhathala, uhudo, isicanucanu, kanye nobuhlungu bemisipha zingase zivele. Izithasiselo zevithamini B12 kanye ne-B9 zinikezwa njengokwelashwa.

I-Fanconi Anemia

Lesi futhi yisifo esizuzwe njengefa. Kulesi simo, umongo wamathambo ukhiqiza amangqamuzana egazi ambalwa kakhulu. Izimpawu zifaka phakathi izinzwane ezinkulu ngokungavamile, ukuphuka/ukopha kalula, ukutheleleka okuvamile, izinkinga zenhliziyo nezinso, kanye nomzimba omncane nekhanda. Abantu abanalesi sifo basengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza, ikakhulukazi uhlobo lomdlavuza wegazi olubizwa ngokuthi i-AML (Acute Myeloid Leukemia) .