Ingabe unesifo sikashukela, isifo samathambo, isifo sezinso, noma esinye isifo esingamahlalakhona esikwenza uzizwe ukhathele futhi ukhathele? Ungase ucabange ukuthi kungenxa yokugula kwakho. Kukhona iqiniso elithile kuleyo ndaba, kodwa kungaba nesinye isizathu. Yilokho esikhuluma ngakho namuhla. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi 'i-Anemia of Chronic Disease' noma 'i-Anemia of Inflammation'. Kalula nje, ukuntuleka kwegazi okubangelwa ukugula kwesikhathi eside.
Kuyini ngempela 'i-Anemia yezifo ezingamahlalakhona'?
Kulungile, ake sikubeke kalula lokhu. I-anemia, noma umfutho wegazi ophansi, yisimo lapho sinenani eliphansi lamaseli abomvu egazi. Lawa maseli abomvu egazi athwala umoya-mpilo emizimbeni yethu yonke. Ngakho-ke uma ephansi, sizizwa sikhathele futhi singenampilo.
Esimweni esibizwa ngokuthi 'i-Anemia of Chronic Disease', ukuvuvukala okungapheli emzimbeni okubangelwa ukugula osekuphele izinyanga ezingaphezu kwezintathu kuvimbela imizimba yethu ekusebenziseni insimbi edingekayo ukwenza amangqamuzana egazi abomvu.
Cabanga ngalokhu. Sinawo wonke usimende, izitini, kanye nemigoqo yensimbi yokwakha indlu. Kodwa izisebenzi zinenkinga ethile futhi azikwazi ukusebenzisa lezo zinto ukusebenza. Yilokho okwenzekayo nalapha. Ngisho noma sinensimbi emizimbeni yethu, ngenxa yokuvuvukala okubangelwa ukugula kwesikhathi eside, umzimba awukwazi ukusebenzisa leyo nsimbi ukwenza amangqamuzana egazi abomvu amasha. Esikhathini esiningi, lokhu kuyi-anemia encane engeyimbi kangako.
Ubani okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi athole lesi simo?
Njengoba igama lisho, le nkinga ye-anemia ingenzeka kunoma ubani onesifo sesikhathi eside (esingamahlalakhona). Kodwa-ke, ivame kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65. Kunezimo eziningana zezokwelapha eziyinhloko ezingabangela le nkinga ye-anemia. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini.
| Isigaba sesifo | Izibonelo kanye nencazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Izifo Zokuzivikela Ezizenzakalelayo | Lesi yisifo lapho uhlelo lokuzivikela lomzimba wethu, uhlelo lokuzivikela komzimba, luhlasela khona amaseli omzimba wethu ngephutha. Izibonelo: I-Rheumatoid Arthritis (isifo esibangela ukuvuvukala nobuhlungu emalungeni), i-Lupus (SLE) , i-Vasculitis (ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi), i-Sarcoidosis, kanye ne -Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) (izimo ezithinta amathumbu, njengesifo sikaCrohn kanye ne-Ulcerative Colitis). |
| Umdlavuza | Noma yiluphi uhlobo lomdlavuza lungabangela ukuvuvukala okungapheli emzimbeni. |
| Isifo Sezinso Esingapheli | Lokhu kuntuleka kwegazi kungabangelwa nayisifo sezinso esihlale isikhathi eside. |
| Ukwehluleka Kwenhliziyo | Izimo ezibangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle kwenhliziyo. |
| Izifo Ezingapheli | Izifo ezihlala isikhathi eside emzimbeni, njengesifo sofuba. |
| Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile | Ukuqongelela kwamafutha ngokweqile emzimbeni nakho kungabangela ukuvuvukala okuncane okuqhubeke emzimbeni. |
Into ebalulekile ukuthi lolu uhlobo lwesibili oluvame kakhulu lwe-anemia ngemva kwe-anemia yokuntuleka kwensimbi. Ngakho-ke lokhu akuyona inkinga ebaluleke kakhulu.
Kungani lesi sifo sibangela i-anemia? Kwenzekani ngempela emzimbeni?
Lena indaba ethakazelisayo kakhulu. Isikhathi esimaphakathi sokuphila kweseli elibomvu legazi emzimbeni wethu singaba yizinsuku ezingu-120. Ngemva kokuba la maseli abomvu amadala efile, umzimba wethu uhlakaniphe kakhulu ekuvuseleleni insimbi ekuwo ukuze wenze amangqamuzana amasha abomvu egazi. Umnkantsha wethu uwumthombo oyinhloko walo msebenzi.
Kodwa uma unesifo sesikhathi eside njengalesi esishiwo ngenhla, ezinye izinto emzimbeni wethu ziyashintsha ngenxa yokuvuvukala okwenzekayo.
1. Insimbi inamathele:Amaseli akhethekile ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela olubizwa ngokuthi ama-macrophage agcina insimbi evela kumaseli abomvu amadala ukuze asetshenziswe kabusha. Kufana nomuntu oshiye izinto azidingayo ekhabetheni walahlekelwa ukhiye. Ngisho noma umzimba unensimbi, umongo awukwazi ukuyisebenzisa ukwenza amaseli abomvu amasha egazi.
2. Ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi kuyehla: Ngenxa yesimo sokuvuvukala, izinga lapho amangqamuzana amasha abomvu egazi akhiqizwa khona ngomnkantsha wethambo nalo lingase lehle kancane.
3. Isikhathi sokuphila samaseli abomvu egazi siyafinyezwa: Ngezinye izikhathi, isikhathi sokuphila samaseli abomvu egazi asanda kwakheka singaba ngaphansi kwezinsuku ezingu-120.
Uma zonke lezi zizathu zihlangana, inani lamaseli abomvu egazi anempilo emzimbeni wethu liyancipha kancane kancane, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwegazi.
Ziyini izimpawu? Usola ukuthi unalesi simo?
Izimpawu ze-'Anemia of Chronic Disease' zifana kakhulu neze-anemia evamile yokuntuleka kwensimbi. Abanye abantu bangase bangabi nazo nhlobo izimpawu. Abanye bangase babe nalezi zimpawu kuphela ngezikhathi zokucindezeleka, njengokuzivocavoca umzimba. Umuntu onezimpawu angase abe nalezi zimpawu:
- Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu njalo kanye nomuzwa wobuthakathaka. Ungase uzizwe ukhathele kakhulu kangangokuthi awukwazi ngisho nokwenza imisebenzi evamile yosuku.
- Ukuzizwa uphelelwa umoya ngezinye izikhathi, njengalapho uhamba kancane noma ukhuphuka izitebhisi.
- Isikhumba sakho, ikakhulukazi ubuso bakho, izintende zezandla, nezindebe, sibukeka simhlophe.
- Ukujuluka ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile.
- Ukuzizwa unesizungu, uphelelwa amandla.
- Ubuhlungu bekhanda obuhlala bukhona.
Uma unezimpawu ezifana nalezi ezihambisana nokugula kwesikhathi eside, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu.
Ukuthola kanjani lokhu, Dokotela?
Uma uya kudokotela wakho, uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho kanye nanoma yiziphi ezinye izifo ongase ube nazo, futhi uzokuhlola. Uzobe eseyala ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuningana ukuze anqume ukuthi hlobo luni lwe-anemia onayo. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi ngokuvamile yikona okuxilonga lesi simo.
| Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi | Kalula nje, ubhekeni? |
|---|---|
| Izinga le-Hemoglobin | Lena yindlela eyinhloko yokuhlola i-anemia. Lena yiprotheni enikeza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi umbala wawo obomvu. |
| Izinga Lensimbi Ye-Serum | Inani lensimbi yamahhala nesebenzisekayo egazini lakho liyalinganiswa. Kulesi simo, leli nani lingase libe liphansi. |
| Izinga le-Serum Ferritin | Lokhu kulinganisa inani lensimbi 'egciniwe' emzimbeni wakho. Ngokumangalisayo, kulesi sifo, inani lensimbi egcinwe emzimbeni (i-Ferritin) lingase libe elijwayelekile noma likhuphuke. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi insimbi ikhona emzimbeni, kodwa ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa. |
| Amandla okubopha insimbi | Ukuhlolwa okulinganisa ikhono legazi lokuthwala insimbi. Leli nani lingase libe liphansi kulesi simo. |
| Inani lama-reticulocyte | Lokhu kubhekisela kumaseli abomvu egazi angakavuthwa. Uma leli nani liphansi, kusho ukuthi umongo wethambo awukhiqizi amaseli abomvu egazi amasha anele. |
Kwezinye izimo ezikhethekile, uma udokotela edinga ulwazi olwengeziwe, angase futhi ancome i-bone marrow biopsy, ehilela ukuthatha isampula encane yomnkantsha bese uyihlola.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Into ebaluleke kakhulu neyanelisayo lapha ukuthi ezimweni eziningi, le anemia ingelapheka.
Ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu nokubaluleke kakhulu kwalokhu ukuphatha kahle isimo sakho sezokwelapha esingamahlalakhona (isib. isifo samathambo, isifo sezinso) esibangela i-anemia. Uma leso simo esiyisisekelo selashwa futhi silawulwa kahle, ukuvuvukala emzimbeni kuzoncipha futhi i-anemia izothuthuka ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi uma i-anemia inzima, noma uma ihambisana nezimo ezifana nomdlavuza noma isifo sezinso, udokotela angase ancome ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezengeziwe.
- Ukumpontshelwa Igazi: Ukumpontshelwa igazi kungaba yisisombululo sesikhashana kubantu abane-anemia enzima kangangokuthi abakwazi ukubekezelela ukucindezeleka. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuyona into engenziwa njalo.
- Ukwelashwa Kwe-EPO Yokwenziwa: Izinso zethu zikhiqiza i-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi `(Erythropoietin - EPO)`. Yilokhu okubonisa umongo wethambo ukuthi "wenze amangqamuzana amasha egazi abomvu". Kwezinye izifo, ukukhiqizwa kwale hormone kuyehla. Uma kunjalo, le hormone inikezwa ngaphandle njengomjovo.
- Izithasiselo Zensimbi: Ngezinye izikhathi, ikakhulukazi ngokwelashwa kwe-EPO, udokotela wakho angase anqume ukukunikeza amaphilisi noma imijovo yensimbi.
Kodwa khumbula lokhu! Ungalokothi uqale ukuthatha amaphilisi ensimbi ekhemisi ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela ngoba ucabanga ukuthi une-anemia. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi esimweni 'se-Anemia of Chronic Disease', umzimba ungase ube nensimbi, kodwa inkinga ukuthi ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukufaka insimbi eyengeziwe emzimbeni kungabangela ezinye izinkinga. Ngakho-ke, thatha njalo ukwelashwa njengoba kunqunywe udokotela wakho.
Yini esingayenza ukuze sinciphise ingozi?
Uma unesifo esingamahlalakhona, ungase ungakwazi ukuvimbela ngokuphelele ukwenzeka kwe-anemia. Kodwa-ke, ukugcina impilo enhle iyonke kungasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yakho futhi kunciphise umthelela we-anemia uma kwenzeka. Ukudla ukudla okunempilo kubalulekile kulokhu.
- Yidla amaprotheni angenamafutha njengenkukhu, inhlanzi, ubhontshisi kanye ne-lentile.
- Njalo faka imifino eluhlaza okotshani kanye namakhambi afana nesipinashi kanye nekale ekudleni kwakho.
- Khetha isinkwa esiqiniswe ngensimbi kanye nokolweni.
- Yidla ukudla okucebile ngezakhamzimba njengevithamini B12 kanye ne-folate.
Okubalulekile: Ungathathi izithasiselo zamavithamini noma zensimbi wedwa ngaphandle kokuthi kunconywe udokotela wakho.
Uma usuvele unesifo esingamahlalakhona, kungazwakala njengomthwalo owengeziwe ukubhekana ne-anemia. Lokho kuvamile. Kodwa ingxenye engcono kakhulu ukuthi lesi simo sivame ukuba sincane futhi siba ngcono uma isimo esiyisisekelo selashwa. Ngemva kokwelashwa, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nezinguquko zendlela yokuphila, njengokudla nokuzivocavoca, ezingasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yokuthi lesi simo siphinde sivele.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- 'I-anemia yeSifo Esingamahlalakhona' ukuntuleka kwegazi okubangelwa ukugula kwesikhathi eside njengesifo sikashukela, isifo samathambo esibizwa ngokuthi i-rheumatoid arthritis, noma isifo sezinso.
- Izimpawu zifana neze-anemia evamile (ukukhathala, ukuphaphatheka).
- Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko ukwelapha kahle isifo esiyisisekelo esibangele i-anemia.
- Uma unezimpawu ezinjengalezi zokugula kwesikhathi eside, ungamane nje uthathe amaphilisi ensimbi wedwa.Qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho.
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