Ingabe imikhuba yakho yokudla isidlule umngcele? Masiqaphele i-Anorexia Nervosa!

Wake wambona umuntu ecabanga ngokudla ngokweqile, ezama ukwehlisa isisindo ngokweqile? Mhlawumbe nguwe. Kuvamile ukukhathazeka ngesimo somzimba wakho kanye nesisindo sakho. Kodwa uma lokhu kukhathazeka nokulawula lokho okudlayo kudlula iphuzu elijwayelekile, kungaholela esimweni sengqondo nesempilo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Anorexia Nervosa . Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngokuthi iyini i-anorexia nervosa, ukuthi isithinta kanjani, nokuthi singaluthola kanjani usizo.

Kuyini i-Anorexia Nervosa? Masiyiqonde kalula!

Kalula nje, i-Anorexia Nervosa yisifo sengqondo esihlobene nokudla. Umuntu onalesi simo unciphisa kakhulu ukudla kwakhe ama-calorie. Okusho ukuthi, badla okuncane kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nangaphandle kokudla. Umgomo oyinhloko walaba bantu ukugcina isisindo somzimba wabo siphansi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngenxa yalokho, bahlushwa ukungondleki kahle okukhulu. Nakuba kungenjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi, i-BMI yabo (Body Mass Index) , okuyinani elibonisa isisindo ngokuphakama, ivame ukuba phansi kakhulu.

Ngokwezokwelapha, igama elithi "anorexia" lisho ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla noma ukuzonda ukudla. Kodwa-ke, uma ufaka igama elithi "nervosa" kulo, kuba yisimo sengqondo. Okusho ukuthi, lihlobene nohlelo lwakho lwezinzwa - ubuchopho bakho, izinzwa zakho, imicabango yakho. Kubangelwa imicabango nemizwa emibi ngokudla, isisindo somzimba, kanye nomfanekiso womzimba wakho.

Kuvamile ukucabanga ngalezi zinto nokuzama ukuzilawula. Kodwa kumuntu onesifo sokungalali kahle, akukho ukuphunyuka kule micabango. Iyayilawula futhi imqhubele ekuziphatheni okubi kakhulu. Lokhu kungathinta kakhulu impilo yengqondo neyomzimba. Uma kungaqashelwa futhi kuphathwa kahle, kungaba yingozi ngisho nokuphila.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-Anorexia Nervosa?

I-Anorexia nervosa ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko, kuye ngokuthi iphathwa kanjani ngokudla:

• I-Anorexia Evimbelayo: Lolu hlobo luhilela ukunciphisa kakhulu ukudla amakhalori, okusho ukudla okuncane kakhulu.
• I-anorexia yokuhlanza umzimba ngokudla kakhulu: Lokhu kuhilela ukunciphisa ama-calories, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, njenge- bulimia nervosa , ukudla ukudla okuningi ngesikhathi esisodwa (ukudla ngokweqile) bese ukuhlanza. Lokhu kuhlanza umzimba kungenziwa ngokuhlanza, ukusebenzisa imithi yokuhlanza umzimba, noma ukuvivinya umzimba ngokweqile.

Olunye uhlobo olukhethekile yi -anorexia engavamile . Kulokhu, umuntu unezimpawu ze-anorexia kodwa akakabi nesisindo esiphansi (okwamanje). Lokhu kwenza kube nzima kancane ukuxilonga.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Anorexia Nervosa? Uzibona kanjani?

Izimpawu ze-anorexia nervosa zingaba ngokomzimba, ngokokuziphatha, noma ngokwengqondo. Ezinye zalezi zimpawu zifaka:

• Ukwehla kwesisindo okukhulu phakathi kwamasonto noma izinyanga ezimbalwa.
• Ukuba nesisindo esingaphansi kobude (ngokuvamile i-BMI engaphansi kuka-18.5 ).
• Njengoba ingane ikhula, kwenzeka izinguquko ezingachazeki ekulinganisweni kokuphakama/kwesisindo.
• Ukugxila kakhulu ezinhlotsheni zokudla, ubuningi, kanye/noma ukubalwa kwamakhalori.
• Imicabango nemibono evame ukugxeka mayelana nesisindo somzimba kanye nomfanekiso.
• Ukusetshenziswa kabi kwemithi yokunciphisa isifiso sokudla, imithi yokuhlanza isisu, noma imithi yokukhipha isisu.
• Ukuzivocavoca isikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokudla, njengokungathi uphoqelelwa .
• Njalo uya endlini yangasese ngemva kokudla.

Cabanga nje, unomngane owayedla kahle. Kodwa manje, ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule, usenciphe kakhulu. Uyacasuka kakhulu uma ekhuluma ngokudla, ethi izinto ezinjengokuthi, "Lokhu kunama-calories amaningi, okunamafutha amaningi." Ugijimela endlini yangasese ngokushesha ngemva kokudla. Uma ubona into efana nale, kufanele usole ukuthi kungaba yi-anorexia.

Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, izimpawu zokungondleki kahle zingase zivele. Isibonelo:

• Ukuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo (`Arrhythmias`).
• Ukuzizwa unesizungu, uzizwa unesizungu, noma uphelelwa amandla.
• Ukukhathala okukhulu kanye nobuthakathaka bomzimba.
• Ukuzizwa ubanda njalo.
• Ukushesha ukuthukuthela.
• Ukulahlekelwa izinwele.
• Kwabesifazane, ukuya esikhathini kuyashintshashintsha noma kuphele ngokuphelele.
• Ukuvuvukala kwamalungu.

Yiziphi izimbangela ze-Anorexia Nervosa?

Ayikho imbangela eyodwa ye-anorexia nervosa. Ingathonywa izici eziningana zebhayoloji, ezengqondo kanye nezenhlalo.

• Izinguquko zobuchopho: Ososayensi bathole ukuthi abantu abane-anorexia banezinguquko esakhiweni nasekusebenzeni kobuchopho babo. Isibonelo, banezinguquko emazingeni abo ama-neurotransmitter njenge -serotonin ne -dopamine . Lawa ma-neurotransmitter angamakhemikhali athinta izinto ezifana nesifiso sethu sokudla, imizwa, ukulawula imizwa, kanye "nohlelo lomvuzo" lobuchopho.
• Izakhi zofuzo nomndeni: Uma ilungu lomndeni eliseduze (umama, ubaba, izingane zakubo) linenkinga yokudla, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ube nayo. Lokhu kungathonywa izakhi zofuzo ozithola kubazali bakho, kanye nezindinganiso nemikhuba oyifundayo njengoba ukhula emndenini wakho.
• Ukucindezela kontanga:Ithonya lezenhlalo nelobungcweti linamandla kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma isimo sakho senhlalo noma sobungcweti sincike ohlotsheni lomzimba wakho. Imisebenzi yabadlali, abadansi, amamodeli, nabadlali bonke ihlobene nalokhu. Intsha ingabagxeka kakhulu yona kanye nabanye. Ukucindezela okungenangqondo ezinkundleni zokuxhumana ngalokho okubhekwa “njengokuhle” kungaba esinye sezizathu zalokhu.
• Izimbangela zengqondo: Ukuzethemba okuphansi, noma ukukholelwa ukuthi ukubaluleka komuntu kunqunywa ikhono lakhe lokulawula isisindo sakhe, kungavula indlela yokuphazamiseka kokudla. Ngezinye izikhathi, le mizwa ibangelwa izehlakalo ezibuhlungu zesikhathi esidlule noma izimo zengqondo ezifana nokukhathazeka nokucindezeleka.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-Anorexia Nervosa?

Ukungondleki kahle nokuzila ukudla kungathinta cishe zonke izitho zomzimba wakho. Umonakalo omkhulu wezitho zomzimba ungase ungalungiseki, ngisho nangemva kokuba usululame ekuzila ukudla okunobuthi. I-anorexia ingaba nomthelela omubi ebuhlotsheni bakho kanye nempilo yakho yengqondo nengokomzwelo. Ngisho noma ukwelashwa kungathatha isikhathi ukuphola.

Uma ingelashwa, i-anorexia ingaholela ezimweni ezifana nalezi:

• Ukwehla kwesisindo samathambo ( i-osteoporosis ) kanye nokuguguleka kwe-enamel yamazinyo.
• Ukuwohloka okusheshayo kwemisipha yamathambo ( i-rhabdomyolysis ).
• Ukulimala kwezinso nesibindi.
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo noma ukumiswa kwenhliziyo.
• Ukuphuza isikhathi sokuthomba nokukhula kwezingane.
• Ukungazali kubantu abadala.
• Ukwehla kwempilo yengqondo, ukuzilimaza kanye nemicabango yokuzibulala.

Okubalulekile: Uma unemicabango yokuzibulala, sicela ufune usizo ngokushesha. Ungashayela izinhlangano ezifana neSri Lanka Friends (0112692909). Awuwedwa.

Itholakala kanjani i-Anorexia Nervosa?

Odokotela baxilonga i-anorexia nervosa ngokwemigomo esesiqondisweni esisemthethweni sokuxilongwa kwezifo zengqondo , i-DSM-5 (Incwadi Yokuhlola Nezibalo Yezinkinga Zengqondo, Uhlelo lwesi-5) . Lezi zindlela ezintathu yilezi:

1. Amakhalori azinciphile, okuholela ekunciphiseni isisindo okukhulu noma ekuhlulekeni ukukhuluphala ezinganeni ezisakhula. Ngokuvamile, ukuba nesisindo somzimba esiphansi ngokweminyaka, ubulili, ukuphakama, kanye nesigaba sokukhula.

2. Ukuzikhukhumeza okungavamile ngesisindo somzimba kanye nokwesaba okukhulu ukukhuluphala noma ukuba "mkhulu".

3. Ukuba nombono ophambene ngokubukeka komuntu noma ukungakwazi ukwamukela ukungathi sína kwesimo sakhe.

Uma unezimpawu ze-anorexia, udokotela uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba futhi athathe umlando wakho wezokwelapha ophelele, okuhlanganisa nomlando wakho wezempilo yengqondo. Ngemuva kwalokho, bazokubuza imibuzo eningiliziwe mayelana nemikhuba yakho yokudla, izindlela zokuzivocavoca, imithi yokwehlisa isisindo, kanye nemizwa nezinkolelo ezihlobene.

Udokotela wakho angase futhi acele ukuhlolwa okuthile ukuhlola imiphumela ye-anorexia emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kungafaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kobuningi bamathambo
• Inani legazi eliphelele
• I-Electrocardiogram ( EKG )
• Ukuhlolwa kwephaneli ye-Electrolyte
• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwezinso
• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi le-thyroid
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo

Iphathwa kanjani i-Anorexia Nervosa?

Ukwelashwa kwe-anorexia nervosa kwenziwa ngokwezidingo zomuntu ngamunye. Okusho ukuthi, ukwelashwa kuhloselwe umuntu ngamunye. Imigomo eyinhloko yokwelashwa yile:

• Ukubuyisela isimo esihle sokudla okunempilo.
• Ukuqinisa ukwehlisa isisindo.
• Ukuqeda ukuziphatha kokudla okungahlelekile.
• Ukwelapha izinkinga zengqondo eziyisisekelo.

Inselele enkulu ekwelapheni umuntu one-anorexia ukumsiza ukuthi aqaphele futhi amukele ukuthi unesifo esingathi sína. Abantu abaningi abane-anorexia bayaphika ukuthi banesifo sokudla. Bafuna usizo kuphela uma isimo sabo sinzima ngokwanele ukuba sibe yingozi empilweni. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxilonga lesi sifo bese uqala ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi.

Udokotela wakho uzokwakha uhlelo lokwelashwa olufanele wena. Lungafaka:

• Ukwelashwa kokudla okunempilo
• Ukwelapha ngengqondo
• Imithi
• Ukulaliswa esibhedlela

Ukulaliswa esibhedlela kungadingeka ukuze kwelashwe ukungondleki kahle okukhulu noma ezinye izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo. Izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo yengqondo nazo zingadinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela. Imithi ngezinye izikhathi idlala indima ebalulekile ekwelapheni lezi zinkinga. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa kwesikhathi eside kwe-anorexia nervosa ukwelashwa kwengqondo.

Kuyini ukwelashwa kwengqondo?

Ukwelashwa kwengqondo, noma ukwelashwa ngokukhuluma, kungakusiza ukuthi ushintshe imicabango nokuziphatha okuhambisana nokuphazamiseka kokudla. Kungakusiza ukuthi uhlakulele imibono enempilo ngokudla, isisindo, kanye nomfanekiso womzimba. Kungakusiza futhi ukuthi ufunde izindlela namasu angcono okubhekana nokucindezeleka kanye nemicabango emibi.

Abanye abantu abane-anorexia bangase babe nezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo ezibangela ukuphazamiseka kwabo kokudla ('izimo zempilo yengqondo ezihlala zikhona'). Kubalulekile ukwelapha lezi zimo kanye ne-anorexia. Kodwa noma ungenaso esinye isifo, i-anorexia iseyinkinga yempilo yengqondo. Ukwelashwa kufanele kubhekane nembangela eyinhloko engqondweni yakho.

Kunezindlela eziningi ze-psychotherapy, isibonelo:

• Ukwelashwa kokwamukela nokuzibophezela (ACT): Le ndlela igxile ekwakheni isisusa sokushintsha ukuziphatha kwakho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imicabango nemizwa yakho injani.
• Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo (CBT): Le ndlela isiza ukubhekana nemicabango kanye nezimo zengqondo eziphambene mayelana nesisindo, ukuma, kanye nokubukeka, kanye nokudala izinguquko zokuziphatha.
• Ukwelashwa kokulungisa ingqondo (i-CRT): Lokhu kuhilela ukuzivocavoca nemisebenzi esiza ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwakho kwengqondo nokusebenza kahle kanye nekhono lakho lokulawula impilo yakho.
• Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kwe-Dialectical (DBT): Amakhono athile ozowafunda ku-DBT afaka phakathi ukuthuthukisa ukucabanga, ukuthuthukisa ubudlelwano, ukuphatha imizwa, kanye nokubhekana nokucindezeleka.
• Ukwelashwa komndeni: Ukusekelwa komndeni kubalulekile ekwelashweni okuphumelelayo kwe-anorexia. Ukwelashwa komndeni kwe-anorexia ( i-Maudsley Method ) kubeka umthwalo wemfanelo wokudla kwakho emndenini wakho.
• Ukwelashwa kwengqondo okusebenzisana nabantu (i-IPT): I-IPT ithuthukisa ubudlelwano bakho kanye nokuxhumana, okungase kunciphise izimpawu zakho zokuphazamiseka kokudla.
• I-Psychodynamic psychotherapy: Lolu hlobo lokwelapha lubheka izimbangela eziyinhloko ze-anorexia, lubheka njengesihluthulelo sokululama kwakho.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa yokwelashwa kwe-anorexia?

Inkinga enkulu kakhulu yokwelashwa kwe-anorexia yi -refeeding syndrome . Lokhu kungenzeka uma umuntu ongondlekile kahle eqala ukudla futhi. Umzimba wakho udinga izakhamzimba ezithile ukuze ugaye ukudla futhi ukhiqize amandla. Lapho izitolo zomzimba wakho zalezi zakhamzimba seziphelile, umzimba wakho udonsa lezo zakhamzimba egazini lakho.

Lokhu kudluliselwa kwezakhamzimba egazini kuya emangqamuzaneni kungabangela izinkinga ezahlukahlukene, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokufa. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqala ukuphakela kabusha ngaphansi kokuqashwa ngudokotela. Odokotela bazoqinisekisa ukuthi babuyisela inani elincane lezakhamzimba emzimbeni wakho kuqala futhi bakuqaphe ngokucophelela ngesikhathi senqubo yokuphakela kabusha.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama ekuzibulaleni ngenxa ye-anorexia?

Ukululama ekuzibulaleni yi-anorexia kuyindlela ehlukile kumuntu ngamunye. Ezinye izingxenye zohlelo lwakho lokwelashwa zingathatha isikhathi eside kunezinye. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukukhumbula ukuthi ukululama kungenzeka. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wena noma othandekayo wakho ukuphi kulolu hambo, kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokusebenzela ukululama.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela mayelana ne-anorexia?

Uma wena noma othile omkhathalelayo ebonisa izimpawu zokuphazamiseka kokudla, khuluma nodokotela ngokushesha . Kungcono njalo ukufuna usizo ngokushesha kunokuba kamuva. Ngisho noma wena noma othandekayo wakho ningahlangabezani (okwamanje) nezindinganiso ze-anorexia nervosa, ukungenelela kusenesikhathi kungavimba imbewu yesifo ukuthi ingakhuli.

Iyini i-prognosis yomuntu one-anorexia?

Umbono womuntu one-anorexia nervosa uncike ezintweni ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa:

• Sekuyisikhathi esingakanani bephila nalesi simo?
• Yeka ukuthi isimo sabo sibi kangakanani.
• Hlobo luni lokwelashwa abalutholayo?
• Indlela abalandela ngayo uhlelo lwabo lokwelashwa.

Uma i-anorexia ingelashwa isikhathi eside, isimo siba sibi kakhulu, futhi imiphumela yempilo yomzimba neyengqondo ehambisana nayo iba mibi kakhulu. Kunzima ukushintsha imikhuba yesikhathi eside. Futhi, abantu abane-anorexia bavame ukuphika ukuthi banenkinga. Bangase benqabe ukwelashwa noma bahluleke ukusebenza ohlelweni lwabo lokwelashwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, i-anorexia nervosa ingaba yisimo esisongela impilo. Izinkinga zokudla ezifana ne-anorexia ziphakathi kwezimo zempilo yengqondo ezibulalayo kakhulu, kokubili ngezizathu zempilo yomzimba neyengqondo. Abantu abane-anorexia banamathuba aphindwe kahlanu okufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye namathuba aphindwe ka-18 okufa ngokuzibulala.

Ngokusekelwa kanye nokwelashwa okufanele, ukululama kungenzeka. Kodwa ngokuvamile kuthatha isikhathi - futhi kunengozi yokubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile. Ukunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside kanye nokusekelwa kwabathandekayo kungenza umehluko omkhulu.

Ingabe i-anorexia ingavinjelwa?

Asizazi zonke izimbangela ze-anorexia, futhi asikwazi ukulawula zonke izici ezingase zibe nomthelela kuyo. Kodwa singenza umehluko ngendlela esikhulisa ngayo izingane zethu kanye nezibonelo esizibekayo.

singakwazi:

• Fundisa imikhuba yokudla okunempilo kanye nesimo sengqondo.
• Siza izingane zakhe "isithombe somzimba esinempilo".
• Thola futhi ubhekane nokuxhashazwa, futhi uvimbele izingane zethu ekuxhashazeni abanye.

Kuvamile ukuzizwa unamahloni, unamahloni, noma wesaba ukuba nenkinga yokudla. Kodwa sicela wazi ukuthi akukho okubi ngokucela usizo. Ukufuna ukwelashwa kwe-anorexia, noma yisiphi isimo sempilo yengqondo, kubaluleke njengokufuna ukwelashwa kwesimo somzimba. Futhi, noma kungazizwa kanjalo njengamanje, izinto zingashintsha.

Uma usola ukuthi othile omaziyo une-anorexia, ungase ungazi ukuthi ungasiza kanjani. Funa isiqondiso kochwepheshe bezokwelapha. Bangamlalela othandekayo wakho, bamnike izinsiza namasu okuxoxa naye. Uma besheshe bathole ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa, kuba ngcono.

Isifinyezo: Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule

Nakuba i-anorexia nervosa iyisimo esibi kakhulu, ungakhohlwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ululame kuso.

Into eyinhloko ukuqonda ukuthi awuwedwa nokuthi ukufuna usizo akuyona ubuthakathaka.

• Uma wena noma othile omaziyo enemikhuba yokudla engavamile noma ukukhathazeka ngokweqile ngesisindo somzimba, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha.
• Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kwandisa amathuba okululama.
• Ukwelashwa kuwuhambo, kudinga isikhathi kanye nesineke. Ukusekelwa umndeni nabangani kubaluleke kakhulu.
• Zama ukugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo, ukudla okulinganiselayo, kanye nesimo sengqondo esihle ngomzimba wakho.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luzokusiza. Uma uneminye imibuzo mayelana nalokhu, sicela ungangabazi ukukhuluma nodokotela omethembayo.

I- Anorexia nervosa, i-anorexia, impilo yengqondo, isisindo somzimba, izinkinga zokudla, ukudla okunomsoco, ukwelashwa