Ingabe uthola ama-hives uma uthinta uthuli? Noma ingabe ngokuzumayo uqala ukulunywa bese uba nama-red welts? Ngezikhathi ezinjengalezi, iningi lethu lijwayele ukuya ekhemisi licele "iphilisi lokungezwani komzimba." Yebo, le mithi inikeza impumuzo esheshayo. Kodwa, kungakanani esikwaziyo ngempela ngemithi esiyisebenzisayo, okungukuthi, ama-antihistamine? Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokunembile nangokulula.
Iyini le antihistamine?
Kalula nje, ama-antihistamine ayiqembu lemithi esebenza ngokumelene ("anti" kusho "ngokumelene") nekhemikhali emzimbeni wethu ebizwa ngokuthi i-histamine .
Manje cishe uyazibuza ukuthi iyini le histamine. I-Histamine iyisithunywa samakhemikhali esikhiqizwa amasosha omzimba wethu. Omunye wemisebenzi yayo eyinhloko ukulungiselela umzimba wethu ukulwa nento eyingozi, 'i-allergen'. Izinto ezingabangela ukungezwani komzimba zifaka:
- Izinto ezikuyo: uthuli, impova, i-dander yezilwane ezifuywayo, isikhunta.
- Ukulunywa yizinambuzane.
- Ukudla okuthile.
- Eminye imithi.
Uma into efana nale ithinta umzimba, i-histamine iyavuselelwa futhi ibangele izimpawu ezifana nokuthimula, ikhala eligobhozayo, amehlo alumayo, kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba. Ngakho-ke lokho okwenziwa yi-antihistamine ukuvimba isenzo saleyo histamine. Akukhona lokho kuphela, le mithi isetshenziselwa nezinye izinkinga zesisu.
Nakuba ama-antihistamine amaningi etholakala ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela (i-OTC), amanye adinga ukunikezwa udokotela kadokotela. Futhi, imithi eminingi esiyiphuzayo yomkhuhlane nokukhwehlela iqukethe nama-antihistamine.
Ingabe kukhona izinhlobo zama-antihistamine?
Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-antihistamine, kuye ngokuthi asebenza kuyiphi i-histamine receptor.
1. Lezo ezivimba ama-H1 receptors: Lezi yizo esivame ukuzisebenzisa kakhulu uma kukhulunywa ngokungezwani komzimba.
2. Ama-H2 receptor blockers: Lawa asetshenziswa kakhulu ezimweni ezifana nokuvuvukala kwesisu kanye ne-gastritis.
Ama-antihistamine e-H1 - umuthi wokungezwani komzimba
Lawa ma-H1 receptors atholakala cishe yonke indawo emzimbeni wethu. Ezindaweni ezifana namaseli obuchopho, izindlela zokuphefumula, kanye nemithambo yegazi. Uma lokhu kukhuthazwa, kuvela izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba esikhulume ngazo. Ngakho-ke, lezi zimpawu zilawulwa ngama-antihistamine e-H1.
| Isikhathi sokusebenzisa ama-antihistamine e-H1 | |
|---|---|
| I-rhinitis ye-allergy - (Umkhuhlane we-hay) | Ukuthimula njalo, impumulo egobhozayo. |
| Ukubomvu kwamehlo (i-Allergic conjunctivitis) | Ukungezwani komzimba kubangela amehlo abomvu, alumayo, namanzi. |
| Ukusabela kwesikhumba okubangelwa ukungezwani komzimba | Isibonelo: Ukuqunjelwa, ukuqubuka, ukulunywa. |
| Ukuhlanza kanye nesicanucanu | Uma uzizwa unesicanucanu lapho usohambweni. |
Lawa ma-antihistamine e-H1 aphinde ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili. Njengezizukulwane ezimbili. Isizukulwane sokuqala nesizukulwane sesibili .
Ama-antihistamine esizukulwane sokuqala
Lezi yizo zokuqala ezitholakalayo, futhi sezindala kancane. Inkinga enkulu ngalezi ukuthi zibangela ukozela okukhulu . Isizathu salokhu ukuthi le mithi ingena kalula ebuchosheni bethu. I-Piriton (Chlorpheniramine) iyisidakamizwa esikuleli klasi futhi sonke siyayazi.
Ama-antihistamine esizukulwane sesibili
Lezi yizinhlobo ezintsha nezithuthuke kakhulu. Azilalisi noma azithulisi. Ngakho-ke kulula ukuzisebenzisa ngenkathi usebenza noma ufunda. I-Cetirizine, i-Loratadine, ne-Fexofenadine ziyizibonelo zalolu hlobo lwemithi.
I-antihistamine ye-H2 - umuthi wokwelapha ukucasuka kwesisu
Lawa ma-receptor e-H2 atholakala kakhulu emaseli akhiqiza i-asidi esiswini sethu. Yingakho lawa ma-antihistamine e-H2 esetshenziselwa ukwelapha izinkinga zesisu.
- I-Gastritis
- I-GERD (i-reflux ye-acid engapheli) - Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-asidi yesisu ikhuphukela emphinjeni.
- Isifo sesilonda se-Peptic
Imithi efana ne-Famotidine ne-Cimetidine ingaphansi kwalesi sigaba.
Ngingawusebenzisa kanjani lo muthi?
Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Akuwona wonke ama-antihistamine afanayo. Ngakho-ke,
- Indlela yokusebenzisa umuthi: Amanye amaphilisi adinga ukuthathwa kanye nokudla. Amanye angathathwa wodwa. Uma kungamaconsi amehlo noma ukhilimu, udinga ukwazi indlela efanele yokuwasebenzisa.
- Isilinganiso: Isilinganiso siyahlukahluka kuye ngobudala, isisindo, kanye nohlobo lomuthi. Thatha inani udokotela wakho akutshele ukuthi ulithathe.
- Isikhathi Sokuthatha: Eminye ithathwa kanye ngosuku. Eminye idinga ukuthathwa kaningi ngosuku. Uma unohlobo olukwenza ulale, kungcono ukuyithatha ebusuku ngaphambi kokulala.
- Isikhathi Sokusetshenziswa: Eminye imithi ingathathwa njalo, kodwa eminye inconywa izinsuku ezimbalwa kuphela.
Okubaluleke kakhulu: Indlela ephephile ukubuza udokotela wakho ukuthi yimiphi imithi kanye nomthamo ofanele wena.
Ungalokothi wenze lezi zinto!
- Ungaphindi kabili umthamo. Ungaphuzi amaphilisi amabili ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze ubuyisele umthamo ongawusebenzisi.
- Ungaphuzi umuthi kusenesikhathi.
- Ungathathi izinhlobo ezimbili zama-antihistamine ngesikhathi esisodwa ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela.
- Unganiki izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-4 ubudala ama-antihistamine omkhuhlane ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela.
- Ungashayeli noma usebenzise imishini ngenkathi uthatha ama-antihistamine esizukulwane sokuqala (abangela ukozela) . Lokhu kungabangela izingozi.
Iyini imiphumela emibi yemithi yokulwa namagciwane?
Njengayo yonke imithi, lena ingaba nemiphumela emibi, kodwa iyahlukahluka kumuntu nomuntu.
| Uhlobo lwe-antihistamine | Imiphumela emibi engaba khona |
|---|---|
| Isizukulwane sokuqala (izinhlobo ezilalayo) | Ukozela okukhulu, umlomo namehlo omile, ukubona okufiphele, isiyezi, ubunzima bokuchama. |
| Isizukulwane sesibili (izinhlobo ezingalali kakhulu) | Ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukukhwehlela, umphimbo obuhlungu, ubuhlungu besisu. (Imithamo ephezulu ingabangela ukozela). |
| I-antihistamine ye-H2 (yesisu esibuhlungu) | Lokhu kunemiphumela emibi embalwa, kodwa abanye abantu bangase babe nokukhathala, uhudo noma ukuqunjelwa, kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu. |
Izingozi nezinkinga
Nakuba itholakala kalula emakhemisi, lo muthi ungaba yingozi uma usetshenziswa ngendlela engafanele. Ingozi enkulu ukudlula ngokweqile . Lo mngcipheko uphezulu kakhulu uma uthathwa neminye imithi, njengemithi yokudambisa ubuhlungu kanye namaphilisi okulala.
Izimpawu zokudlula ngokweqile:
- Ukozela okukhulu
- Ukubona izinto ezingabonakali (i-Hallucinations)
- Ukungahlaliseki (ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezingane)
- Umbono ofiphele
- Inhliziyo esheshayo (i-Tachycardia)
- Ukuquleka
Uma wena noma ingane yakho nithola noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, iya e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela ngokushesha. Ukudlula ngokweqile kungabulala. Uma usola ukuthi kukhona ubuthi, shayela i-National Poisons Information Centre e-Colombo National Hospital.
Futhi, uma unezinye zezimo ezilandelayo, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha ama-antihistamine.
- Isifo sikashukela
- Izinkinga ze-prostate (i-prostate ekhulisiwe)
- Isifo Sokuxhuzula
- Isifo senhliziyo
- Umfutho wegazi ophakeme
- I-Glaucoma
- Izinkinga ze-thyroid
Ingabe kuphephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kanye nakomama abancelisayo?
Uma ukhulelwe, uzama ukukhulelwa, noma uncelisa, kungcono kakhulu ukubonisana nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha noma yimuphi umuthi. Nakuba amanye ama-antihistamine etholakale ephephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, udokotela wakho kufanele anqume ukuthi yini engcono kakhulu kuwe.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Yazi kahle ukuthi usebenzisa uhlobo lobuthongo noma olungalalisi.
- Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho noma imiyalelo esephaketheni lemithi. Ungalokothi uthathe ngaphezu komthamo onqunyiwe.
- Qaphela kakhulu lapho unikeza izingane kanye nabantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65 ama-antihistamine. Funa iseluleko sikadokotela.
- Uma uthatha i-antihistamine ebangela ukozela, gwema ukushayela nokusebenzisa imishini eyingozi.
- Uma unezinye izimo zezokwelapha, ukhulelwe, noma ungumama oncelisayo, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha ama-antihistamine.
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