Ingabe igazi lakho ligoba kalula? Ake sifunde ngokushoda kwe-Antithrombin!

Ngisho noma kukhona inxeba elincane emzimbeni wethu, ukuphuma kwegazi kuyayeka ngemva kwesikhashana bese amahlule egazi, akunjalo? Kuyindlela emangalisayo ngempela yokuthi umzimba wethu uzivikele. Kodwa-ke, uma lokhu kuqhekeka kwegazi kukhula ngaphezu kokudingekile, noma uma amahlule egazi akheka ngaphakathi emzimbeni ngaphandle kwesizathu? Khona-ke kungaba yinkinga. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesizathu esikhethekile esibangela ukuba igazi liqhekeke ngokungadingekile. Lokho kusho ukuntuleka kwe-Antithrombin , abanye bakubiza nangokuthi ukuntuleka kwe-Antithrombin III.

Kuyini ngempela ukuntuleka kwe-Antithrombin?

Kalula nje, ukuntuleka kwe-antithrombin kuyisimo esihlobene nenqubo yethu yokujiya kwegazi. Kulokhu, kukhona ukwehla kweprotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-antithrombin, into ebalulekile emzimbeni wethu evimbela ukujiya kwegazi ngokweqile, noma ayisebenzi kahle.

Cabanga ngale ndlela. Ugcwalisa ibhavu ngamanzi. Umuntu kufanele avale umpompi ngaphambi kokuba ugcwale, kungenjalo wonke amanzi azophuma. Yileyo ndlela, lapho igazi lethu liqala ukujiya, yile nto ebizwa ngokuthi i-antithrombin "eyivimba" ngesikhathi esifanele, ivimbele ukuthi ingenzeki kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, uma ungenayo i-antithrombin eyanele emzimbeni wakho, noma uma ingasebenzi kahle, ungaba namaqhubu egazi aqhubeka esenzeka, njengokujiya kwebhavu. Yingakho usengozini enkulu yokuthola amaqhubu egazi angajwayelekile .

Abantu abanalesi simo basengozini enkulu yokuthola amahlule egazi emithanjeni ejulile yemilenze (`Deep Vein Thrombosis` noma `DVT`) kanye nengozi yokuthi amahlule egazi aqhekeke futhi abhajwe emthanjeni emaphashini (`Pulmonary Embolism` noma `PE`) . Lezi zingaba yizimo eziyingozi kakhulu.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

Ukuntuleka kwe-Antithrombin empeleni kuyisimo esingavamile . Kulinganiselwa ukuthi umuntu oyedwa kuphela kubantu abangu-2,000 kuya ku-3,000 onakho. Lokho akusho ukuthi akwenzeki kuwo wonke umuntu.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuntuleka kwe-antithrombin?

Akuwona wonke umuntu onalesi simo ozoba nezimpawu ezifanayo. Abanye abantu bangase bangabi nazo nhlobo izimpawu. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile ihlule lokuqala legazi lenzeka ngaphambi kokuba umuntu abe neminyaka engu-40 .

Izimpawu ezivame ukubonakala yilezi:

• I-Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi umlenze uvuvuke, ube bomvu, ubuhlungu, futhi uzizwe ufudumele uma uwuthinta.
• I-Pulmonary Embolism (PE): Lokhu kungabangela ukuphelelwa umoya ngokuzumayo, ubuhlungu besifuba (ikakhulukazi lapho uphefumula), ukuphefumula okusheshayo, ukukhwehlela (ngezinye izikhathi igazi), kanye nokuphelelwa umoya. Lesi yisimo esidinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, nakuba kungavamile, emithanjeni yobuchopho , noma emithanjeni yesisuKukhona amathuba okwakheka kwamahlule egazi.

Kungani lokhu kuntuleka kwe-antithrombin kwenzeka?

Esikhathini esiningi, imbangela yalesi simo iwufuzo , okusho ukuthi kuyinto esiyizuza njengefa kubazali bethu.

• Ukuguquka Kwezakhi Zofuzo: Ukuntuleka kwe-Antithrombin kwenzeka kubantu abanoshintsho (ushintsho) ku-gene ebizwa ngokuthi i-`SERPINC1`. Le gene iyala umzimba ukuthi wenze i-antithrombin.
• Ifa: Ungalithola leli gciwane lokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo kunoma yimuphi umzali. Uma kunjalo, unethuba elingu-50% lokukhula kwalesi simo. Akunandaba ukuthi intombazane noma umfana. Kodwa-ke, izingane ezithola leli gciwane lokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo kubazali bobabili ngokuvamile azisindi. Lokhu akuvamile kakhulu.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi akubona bonke abanalolu shintsho lwezakhi zofuzo aba namahlule egazi. Abanye abantu bangase baphile impilo yabo yonke ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

Odokotela bakubona kanjani lokhu?

Uma unalezi zimpawu, noma wazi ukuthi othile emndenini wakho unalesi simo, kuwumqondo omuhle ukubona udokotela bese uhlolwa. Udokotela uvame ukwenza okulandelayo:

• Ukuhlolwa komzimba: Umzimba wakho uzohlolwa.
• Umlando wezokwelapha: Uzobuzwa ngezimpawu zakho nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini emndenini wakho oke waba nezinkinga ezifanayo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuba nokuhlolwa kwegazi okukhethekile okuhlola izinga le-antithrombin egazini lakho.

Lezi zivivinyo ziyindlela kuphela yokuqinisekisa ukuthi lesi simo sikhona noma cha.

Wenzani njengokwelashwa?

Ukwelashwa kuncike ekutheni une-blood clot noma cha.

• Uma une-blood clot: Udokotela wakho angase anqume ukukuqala ngomuthi wokunciphisa igazi . Lokhu kuvame ukuba yi-warfarin (kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngayo ngokuthi yi-Coumadin). Lokhu kungathatha izinyanga eziningana, noma kungaba impilo yakho yonke.
• Uma ungakaze ube ne-blood clot: Ngisho noma unesifo sokuntuleka kwe-antithrombin, uma ungakaze ube ne-blood clot, ngokuvamile akudingeki uqhubeke nokuthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo (isibonelo, ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa okukhulu) inganikezwa isikhathi esifushane.
• Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa: Njengoba phakathi kuka-3% no-50% wabesifazane abakhulelwe abanalesi simo bangaba namahlule egazi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, udokotela angase anqume ukujova umuthi obizwa ngokuthi 'i-Heparin' ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwakheka kwamahlule egazi phakathi naleso sikhathi.

Kufanele ngizinakekele kanjani? (Ngesikhathi ngithola ukwelashwa)

Uma uthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi efana neWarfarin noma iHeparin, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha imithi njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekutshelile.Futhi, qiniseka ukuthi uya kuyo yonke i-aphoyintimenti onayo nodokotela.

Ngenxa yokuthi lo muthi unobungozi bokuphuma kwegazi, udokotela wakho kufanele ahlole njalo ukuthi uthola umthamo ofanele. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okufana nokuhlolwa kwe-`Prothrombin Time` (PT) kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukuthi umthamo we-Warfarin ulungile yini.

Ngokulawula kahle umthamo wemithi ngale ndlela, amahlule egazi ayingozi angavinjelwa futhi ukopha okungadingekile kungavinjelwa.

Yini engingayenza ukuze nginciphise ingozi yokuqhekeka kwegazi?

Uma une-antithrombin deficiency, kunezinto eziningana ongazenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho yokuqhekeka kwegazi:

• Gwema ukuphuza amaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo: ikakhulukazi lawo aqukethe i-estrogen. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu.
• Gwema ukwelashwa ngama-hormone: Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ngama-hormone ezithathwa ngemva kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini nazo zingandisa ingozi.
• Ungahlali endaweni efanayo isikhathi eside kakhulu: Ikakhulukazi uma uhamba amabanga amade noma usebenza endaweni eyodwa isikhathi eside kakhulu, vuka okungenani njalo emahoreni amabili bese uhambahamba kancane bese unikina imilenze yakho.
• Ungabhemi futhi ungasebenzisi imikhiqizo kagwayi: Ukubhema kuyingozi kakhulu emithanjeni yegazi futhi kwandisa kakhulu ingozi yokuqhekeka kwegazi.
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo: Ukukhuluphala kungenye imbangela yokuqhekeka kwegazi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto ezifana nokulimala okukhulu, ukuhlinzwa, ukukhulelwa, ukubeletha, kanye nokuguga nazo zandisa ingozi yakho yokuqhekeka kwegazi. Uma udinga ukuhlinzwa noma ulindele umntwana, tshela udokotela wakho ngesimo sakho. Angase akunike i -antithrombin concentrate ekhethekile njengomjovo we-intravenous (IV), uma kudingeka.

Ingabe ikhona indlela yokuvimbela lesi simo ukuthi singenzeki?

Ngeshwa, njengoba kuyisimo sofuzo, ayikho indlela yokuvimbela ukuntuleka kwe-antithrombin okuzuzwe njengefa . Asikwazi ukushintsha izakhi zofuzo esizizuza kubazali bethu. Kodwa-ke, kunezinto esingazenza ukuze sinciphise ingozi yethu yokuqhekeka kwegazi.

Yini ongayilindela uma une-antithrombin deficiency?

Cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabathathu abanalesi simo uzoba namahlule egazi lapho esekhulile.

• Ukuhlinzwa kanye nokungakwazi ukuhamba: Uma uhlinzwa futhi ungasakwazi ukuhamba isikhathi eside (isib., uma kufanele uhlale embhedeni), usengozini enkulu yokuba namahlule egazi.
• Ukuguga: Le ngozi iyanda kancane njengoba iminyaka ikhula.
• Ukukhulelwa: Abantu abanesifo sokuntuleka kwe-antithrombin bangase babe namahlule egazi angajwayelekile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ngemva kokubeletha, ngakho-ke kufanele kuqashelwe ngokukhethekile lokhu.

Lesi simo sizohlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Ngenxa yokuthi kuyisifo esibangelwa izakhi zofuzo, uzalwa naso. Kuyinto ehlala impilo yonke. Lokho kusho ukuthi ayinakwelapheka ngokuphelele. Kodwa, uma iphathwa kahle, ungaphila nezinkinga ezimbalwa kakhulu.

Iyini ikusasa lalesi simo?

Umbono wakho uncike ekutheni uke waba ne-blood clot noma cha. Ukuthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukwakheka kwe-blood clot. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuthatha imithi njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekutshela, ngesilinganiso esifanele, nangesikhathi esifanele.

Yini okufanele ngiyiqaphele kakhulu?

Uma unesifo sokuntuleka kwe-antithrombin, kubalulekile ukuqaphela izimpawu eziyisixwayiso ze-'DVT' (ihlule legazi emlenzeni) kanye ne-'PE' (ihlule legazi emaphashini) ukuze uthole usizo ngokushesha.

• Izimpawu ze-DVT: ukuvuvukala, ubuhlungu, ukubomvu, kanye nokufudumala lapho kuthintwa emlenzeni owodwa (ngokuvamile owodwa).
• Izimpawu ze-PE: Ukuphefumula okuphuthumayo, ubuhlungu besifuba (okuba kubi kakhulu uma uphefumula), ukuphefumula okusheshayo, ukuphefumula okufushane, ukukhwehlela (ngezinye izikhathi igazi).

Uma uthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi (isib. i-Warfarin), qaphela okulandelayo njengoba kunengozi yokopha:

• Qaphela kakhulu uma usebenzisa izikhali ezibukhali (imimese, izinsingo, njll.)
• Gwema imidlalo engabangela ukulimala (isib. i-rugby, i-boxing) ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngaphandle kwalokho, gqoka izingubo zokuzivikela ezifanele.
• Uma ukopha kungayeki ngisho nasesilondeni esincane, noma uma uvuvukala ngaphandle kwesizathu, tshela udokotela wakho.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma usola ukuthi une-DVT, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Kubalulekile ukwelapha i-DVT ngokushesha, njengoba ihlule legazi emlenzeni lingaqhekeka liye emaphashini, okubangela i-PE.

Uma uphuza imithi efana neWarfarin, tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uwa noma uma uphuma igazi ngendlela engavamile (isib., ekhaleni lakho, ezinsinini, noma esitulweni).

Kunini lapho kudingeka uye e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Esimweni esinjalo , kufanele uye ngokushesha e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela:

• Uma unezimpawu ze-'Pulmonary Embolism (PE)' (njengokuphelelwa umoya ngokuzumayo, ubuhlungu besifuba).
• Kuthiwani uma ucabanga ukuthi unezimpawu ze-DVT , kodwa awukwazi ukuxhumana nodokotela wakho?
• Uma uthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi, uma ushaya ikhanda lakho, uma uhlanza igazi, noma uma ungakwazi ukuyeka ukopha esilondeni.

Lezi yizimo eziphuthumayo ezisongela ukuphila, ngakho ungalibali.

Yimiphi imibuzo ebalulekile okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Uma usuyazi ukuthi unalesi simo, ungabuza udokotela wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Ingabe ngidinga ukuthatha i-Warfarin noma enye imithi yokwehlisa igazi? Ngidinga ukuyithatha isikhathi esingakanani?
• Ingabe kuwumqondo omuhle ukuhlola amanye amalungu omndeni wami (abazali, abafowethu nodadewethu, izingane) ukuthi ahlolwe i-Antithrombin Deficiency?
• Yimiphi imivimbo engingayenza ngokuphepha ngalesi simo?
• Ingabe kukhona izinto ezikhethekile okufanele ngizazi ngaphambi kokukhulelwa?

Buza imibuzo efana nale ukuze uqonde kangcono isimo sakho.

Okokugcina, izinto okudingeka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Njengoba i-Antithrombin Deficiency iyisimo esibangelwa izakhi zofuzo, asikwazi ukuyilawula. Kodwa-ke, ngokuqaphela lesi simo nokuthatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo, ungaphila impilo enempilo kakhulu.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi wena nomndeni wakho nazi izimpawu eziyisixwayiso ze-DVT kanye ne-PE ukuze uma kukhona okungahambi kahle, nikwazi ukukubona kusenesikhathi futhi nifune ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Ukulawula isisindo sakho, ukuhlala umatasa (ukuzivocavoca njalo), nokugwema ukubhema kungakusiza ukunciphisa ingozi yokuba namahlule egazi angadingeki. Ngale ndlela, ungalawula umthelela lesi simo esinawo empilweni yakho ngezinga elithile. Khuluma nodokotela wakho njalo bese ulandela iseluleko sakhe ngokucophelela. Ungakhathazeki, awuwedwa!

ukuntuleka kwe - antithrombin, ukujiya kwegazi, i-DVT, i-pulmonary embolism, izifo zofuzo, izinto ezinciphisa igazi, i-warfarin, i-heparin