Noma ubani angaba novalo kancane uma ezwa igama elithi ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo, akunjalo? Ikakhulukazi uma kungukuhlinzwa okuhilela ukufaka esikhundleni ingxenye yenhliziyo efana ne-valve. Kodwa ungesabi. Lokhu ukuhlinzwa okuye kwenziwa izinkulungwane zabantu ngempumelelo. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalokhu okubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlinzwa kwe-Aortic Valve, ukuthi kwenzani ngempela, nokuthi kungani kubalulekile kuwe.
Kalula nje, iyini le Aortic Valve?
Cabanga ngenhliziyo yakho njengendlu encane, kodwa enamandla kakhulu enamakamelo amane. Isango eliyinhloko elimpompa igazi elihlanzekile, elinomoya-mpilo lisuka kule ndlu liye emzimbeni wonke yi- Aortic Valve . Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, leli 'sango' litholakala phakathi kwegumbi eliyinhloko lokupompa lenhliziyo (i-Left Ventricle) kanye nomthambo wegazi oyinhloko (i-Aorta) othwala igazi liye emzimbeni wonke. Ngakho-ke manje cishe uyaqonda ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukuthi leli sango lisebenze kahle emzimbeni wonke.
Kungani le valve idinga ukuhlinzwa?
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kusukela ekuzalweni, le valve ingaba yinto engasebenzi kahle. Izinkinga ezimbili ezinkulu zingavela.
| Isimo sezokwelapha | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| I-Aortic Valve Stenosis (ukuncipha kwevalvu) | Okwenzekayo kulesi simo ukuthi ama-valve flaps aba makhulu futhi awavuli kahle. Lokhu kubeka ingcindezi enkulu enhliziyweni, okwenza izwakale sengathi ibambekile futhi kufanele ikhiphe igazi. |
| Ukuvuselelwa kwe-Aortic Valve (i-valve evuzayo) | Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi ama-valve flaps awavaleki kahle. Ngenxa yalokho, elinye igazi elakhishwa livuza liphindela enhliziyweni. |
Lezi zinkinga ezimbili zibeka inhliziyo engcindezini eyengeziwe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lesi simo singaba sibi kakhulu kuze kube yilapho inhliziyo ihluleka noma inhliziyo ibambeke ngokuzumayo. Yingakho kubalulekile ukulungisa le valve ngokuhlinzwa.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zokuhlinzwa ezikhona?
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuhlinzwa.
- Ukulungiswa kwe-Aortic Valve: Noma nini lapho kungenzeka, odokotela bazama ukulungisa iphutha ku-valve yakho yemvelo bese beyilondoloza. Lokhu kuhilela ukulondoloza ingxenye enkulu yezicubu zakho ngangokunokwenzeka.
- Ukufakwa Kwevalvu Yomthambo Wegazi Ohlinzwa (i-SAVR): Ngezinye izikhathi, uma ivalvu yonakele kangangokuthi ayikwazi ukulungiswa, isuswa ngokuphelele bese kufakwa ivalvu entsha yokwenziwa.
Injani ivalvu entsha?
Uma ushintsha ivalvu, udokotela wakho uzokhuluma nawe ngezinketho eziningana. Ezinye zenziwe ngezicubu zezilwane (isib. ingulube, inkomo), kanti ezinye zenziwe ngezicubu zabantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona uhlobo olubizwa ngokuthi ivalvu yemishini , eyenziwe ngensimbi eqinile ngokuphelele. Uhlobo ngalunye lunezinzuzo nezinkinga zalo. Isibonelo, uma unevalvu yemishini, kuzodingeka uthathe umuthi wokunciphisa igazi impilo yakho yonke. Kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngalokhu nodokotela wakho bese ukhetha okulungele wena.
Ake sifunde futhi nge-TAVR/TAVI: Ngobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe obutholakalayo namuhla, kunendlela lapho ithubhu idluliselwa khona ngomthambo wegazi osesinqeni noma engalweni iye enhliziyweni bese ishintsha ivalvu ngaphandle kokuvula isifuba ngokuphelele. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR/TAVI) . Kodwa lokhu akukwazi ukwenziwa yiwo wonke umuntu. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu ngesimo sakho.
Uzilungiselela kanjani ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa?
Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, udokotela wakho uzokuxilonga futhi akucele ukuthi uhlolwe kaningana.
- Ukuskena kwenhliziyo (i-Echocardiogram - i-Echo)
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray yesifuba
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-EKG (i-Electrocardiogram)
- Ukuskena kwe-CT
- I-Catheterization yenhliziyo (ukuhlolwa lapho ikhamera idluliselwa khona ngemithambo yegazi)
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo
Ngemva kwakho konke lokhu, udokotela uzokunikeza imiyalelo yokuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngosuku olwandulela ukuhlinzwa. Isibonelo, ukungadli noma ukuphuza lutho ngemva kwamabili ebusuku ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, ukuthi udinga ukuyeka yini ukuthatha noma yimiphi imithi, nokuthi kufanele ufike nini esibhedlela. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela le miyalelo ngqo.
Indlela yokuhlinzwa kanye nezindlela zokwelashwa
Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, uzohlinzwa ngokuphelele ukuze ungazizwa ubuhlungu. Udokotela ohlinzayo angasebenzisa izindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko ukufinyelela inhliziyo.
| Indlela yokuhlinzwa | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlinzwa Kwenhliziyo Evulekile Kwendabuko | Lapha, kwenziwa ukusika okungamasentimitha angu-6-8 phakathi kwesifuba ukuze kuvulwe i-sternum futhi kufinyelele enhliziyweni. |
| Ukuhlinzwa Kwenhliziyo Okungangeni Kakhulu | Lokhu kwenziwa ngokusikwa okukodwa noma ngaphezulu okuncane okungamasentimitha angu-2-4, ngaphandle kokuvula isifuba ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuholela ekuphuzeni igazi okuncane, ukuhlala esibhedlela isikhathi esifushane, kanye nokululama okusheshayo. |
Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, uzoxhunywa emshinini okhethekile (uMshini Wenhliziyo Namaphaphu) ukuze wenze imisebenzi yenhliziyo namaphaphu akho okwesikhashana. Udokotela ohlinzayo uzobe eseyimisa inhliziyo yakho bese elungisa noma eshintsha ivalvu ngokucophelela. Uma umsebenzi usuqediwe, inhliziyo izoqalwa kabusha, inqanyulwe emshinini, futhi ukusikwa kuzovalwa. Lonke ukuhlinzwa kuvame ukuthatha cishe amahora amabili.
Ngemva kokuhlinzwa... isikhathi sokululama
Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, uzoqala ungeniswe egunjini lokunakekelwa okujulile (ICU) bese udluliselwa egunjini elivamile. Ngokuvamile kuzodingeka uhlale esibhedlela izinsuku ezi-5 kuya kweziyi-7. Ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya, kuyinto evamile ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu amasonto ambalwa. Ngakho lalela umzimba wakho futhi uthole ukuphumula okwanele.
Udokotela wakho angase akuncome uhlelo lokuvuselela inhliziyo . Lokhu kuhilela ukwakha amandla akho kancane kancane ngokuzivocavoca ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukachwepheshe. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi ungaqhubeka nini nemisebenzi efana nokuphakamisa izinsimbi nokushayela. Ngokuvamile kuthatha amasonto amane kuya kwayisishiyagalombili ukululama ngokugcwele.
Abanye abantu bangase babe nokucindezeleka okuncane, ukudabuka, noma ukuphelelwa yithemba ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo. Lokhu kujwayelekile futhi kungelashwa. Uma ubhekana nalokhu, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho.
Izimpawu ezidinga usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha
Ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya, uma uba nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha noma uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze.
- Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukuqina
- Umkhuhlane noma ukuzizwa ubanda
- Kukhona ubomvu, ukuvuvukala, noma ukubomvu ngenxa yokuhlinzwa.
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo
- Ukuvuvukala kwemilenze (i-Edema)
- Isisindo esingaphezu kuka-1.5 kg (amakhilogremu angu-3) ngesonto
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Nakuba ukuhlinzwa kwe-aortic valve kuyinqubo engathi sína, kuyindlela yokwelapha engasindisa impilo yakho futhi ibe nemiphumela ephumelelayo.
- Kunezindlela ezahlukene, njengokulungisa ama-valve, ukufaka esikhundleni, ukuhlinzwa okuvulekile, noma ukuhlinzwa okungangenisi kakhulu. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu kuwe.
- Kujwayelekile ukuzizwa ukhathele ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Nika umzimba wakho isikhathi sokululama. Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho kahle.
- Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile nganoma yikuphi ukwesaba noma ukukhathazeka onakho mayelana nokuhlinzwa noma isikhathi sokululama.
- Ukusekelwa ngumndeni wakho nabangani kuzoba amandla amakhulu kuwe kulolu hambo, ngakho-ke bazise ngalokhu.
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