Ingabe ingane yakho inesifo sohudo esivame ukwenzeka? Ake sifunde ngaleli gciwane i-Astrovirus.

Namuhla sizokhuluma ngegciwane elivame kakhulu kubantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi izingane ezincane, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi asilinaki kakhulu. Uyakhumbula lapho uzizwa ugula ngokuzumayo, uhlanza, futhi uquleka? Yilokho okwenzekayo ngaleli gciwane i-Astrovirus. Lizwakala sengathi "libuhlungu esiswini" noma "umkhuhlane wesisu," kodwa alinalutho oluhlobene nomkhuhlane esiwazi ngokuthi `(Umkhuhlane)`.

Iyini ngempela le Astrovirus?

Kalula nje, i-Astrovirus iyigciwane elivamile elingabangela isifo sohudo, noma indle ekhululekile. Luhlobo lwe-gastroenteritis, okuwukuvuvukala kwesisu namathumbu. Esikhathini esiningi, ukugula akukubi kakhulu futhi kuyashesha ukuphola. Kuvamile ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala, abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65, kanye nabantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka.

Cabanga nje, uma ubheka leli gciwane ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu, libukeka njengenkanyezi. Igama lesiGreki elithi "astro" lisho "inkanyezi," yingakho leli gciwane lathola igama elithi "astrovirus." Akulona yini igama elihle? Kodwa lokho elikwenzayo kuyacasula kancane.

Kuvamile kangakanani lokhu?

I-Astrovirus empeleni ivame kakhulu . Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi lapho beneminyaka engu-9, cishe u-90% wezingane usuke esenegciwane le-astrovirus okungenani elilodwa. Abantu abadala banamathuba amancane okulithola. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi basuke bebhekene nalo beseyizingane futhi sebethole amasosha omzimba (okungukuthi, ukuvikelwa kulesi sifo).

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Astrovirus?

Uphawu oluyinhloko indle ekhululekile (uhudo) . Lokhu ngokuvamile akukubi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okulandelayo kungenzeka:

• Isicanucanu (ukuzizwa sengathi isisu sakho siyaqhuma)
• Ukuhlanza
• Isisu esibuhlungu
• Imfiva

Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangangenwa yileli gciwane le-Astrovirus ngaphandle kokuba nezimpawu. Lokho kusho ukuthi abazi nokuthi banalesi sifo.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi igciwane lingene emzimbeni futhi libangele ukugula?

Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi "isikhathi sokufukamela." Okusho ukuthi, isikhathi esithathayo ukuthi igciwane lingene emzimbeni wakho nokuthi uqale ukugula. Endabeni ye-Astrovirus, lesi sikhathi singaba yizinsuku ezine kuya kwezinhlanu .

Leli gciwane le-Astrovirus lisithelela kanjani?

Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. I-Astrovirus idluliselwa ngendlela yendle-ngomlomo . Kalula nje, kwenzeka lapho izinhlayiya zendle egcwele amagciwane zingena emilonyeni yethu, kungaba ngokungazi noma ngokungahlosile. Kunezindlela eziningana lokhu okungenzeka ngazo:

• Emanzini angcolile: Lokhu kusho ukuphuza amanzi angalashwanga, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngokubhukuda emachibini, emifuleni, emachibini okubhukuda omphakathi, nasemapaki amanzi.
• Ezitsheni ezingcolile:Izithelo nemifino engagezwanga kahle (ngisho nezinto ezifana ne-gotu kola kanye ne-mukunuvenna esizithenga esitolo kufanele zigezwe kahle), ubisi olungaphekwanga, kanye nokudla okwenziwe ngazo.
• Ezindaweni ezingcolile nezinto: Lokhu kungasakazeka lapho sithinta izinto nezindawo ezithintwe ngumuntu one-Astrovirus, noma lapho sinakekela noma sishintsha inabukeni lomuntu onalesi sifo (ikakhulukazi ingane encane).

Cabanga nje, uma ingane encane ifaka ithoyizi emlonyeni wayo bese inegciwane kuyo, bese enye ingane ithinta lelo thoyizi bese ifaka isandla sayo emlonyeni wayo, kungenzeka kangakanani ukuthi lesi sifo sizosakazeka?

Ingabe i-Astrovirus iyathelelana?

Yebo, i-Astrovirus iyathelelana impela. Ingasakazeka kalula kakhulu isuka komunye umuntu iye komunye. Isibonelo, uma umuntu ogulayo esebenzisa indlu yangasese futhi elungisa ukudla ngaphandle kokugeza izandla zakhe kahle, ingadluliselwa nakulabo abadla lokho kudla. Uma othile ekhaya lakho enezimpawu zalolu hlobo lwesifo sesisu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugeza izandla zakhe njalo, ukugcina izindawo zihlanzekile, nokugcina ibanga elincane izinsuku ezimbalwa.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa lokhu?

Nakuba noma ubani angangenwa yi-Astrovirus, abantu abalandelayo basengozini enkulu kancane:

• Izingane ezincane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala.
• Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala.
• Abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka (isibonelo, labo abangenwe yi-HIV, labo abanezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza, noma labo abathatha imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba).

Ngenxa yalezi zici eziyingozi, ukuqubuka kwezifo kungenzeka ezindaweni ezifana nezikhungo zokunakekela izingane kanye nezindawo zokuhlala isikhathi eside, ngoba lezi zindawo zigcina amaqembu asengozini enkulu.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingabangelwa yilokhu?

Abantu abadala nezingane ezinezivikeli mzimba eziphilile cishe azinawo amathuba okuba nezinkinga ezivela ku-Astrovirus. Kodwa-ke, uma izivikeli mzimba zakho zibuthakathaka, leli gciwane ngezinye izikhathi lingathinta isimiso sakho sezinzwa esiyinhloko (okungukuthi, ubuchopho bakho nomgogodla) futhi libangele izimo ezifana ne-"Encephalitis" (ukuvuvukala kobuchopho) kanye ne-"Meningitis" (ukuvuvukala kwe-meninges). Ngakho-ke, abantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka kudingeka baqaphele kakhulu.

Ukubona kanjani lokhu? (Ukuxilongwa)

Odokotela ngokuvamile abenzi noma yiziphi izivivinyo ezikhethekile ukuze babheke i-Astrovirus. Basola ukuthi yi-Astrovirus ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zakho kanye nokungabikho kwezinye izifo.

Kodwa-ke, uma izimpawu zakho zimbi kakhulu, noma uma unesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka, udokotela wakho angase akuncomele ukuhlolwa kwendle.

Kulolu vivinyo lwendle, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza ibhodlela elihlanzekile futhi akubonise ukuthi ungalilanda kanjani isampula yendle. Lizobe selithunyelwa elabhorethri, lapho bezohlola khona ukuthi ikhona yini i-Astrovirus. Ukuhlolwa abangase bakusebenzise yile:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA): Lokhu kuhlola ama-antigen egciwane (izingxenye zegciwane ngokwalo) esitulweni.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): Lokhu kuhlola ukuba khona kwezinto zofuzo zegciwane esitulweni.

Zombili lezi zivivinyo zibucayi kakhulu, ngakho-ke zingathola ngisho nenani elincane kakhulu legciwane esitulweni.

Iyini indlela yokwelapha lokhu?

Eqinisweni, ayikho imithi ethile yokulwa namagciwane yokubulala i-Astrovirus. Iningi labantu abanamasosha omzimba aphilile liba ngcono ngaphandle kokwelashwa.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuphuza amanzi amaningi kanye noketshezi uma wena noma ingane yakho ninesifo sohudo. Isihluthulelo ukuvimbela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.

Uma izimpawu zakho zinkulu, udokotela wakho angase akunikeze izixazululo zokubuyisela amanzi emzimbeni ngomlomo, ukugcwalisa ngemithambo yegazi, noma imithi yokulwa nohudo. Kodwa-ke, le mithi kufanele ithathwe kuphela ngaphansi kokuqashwa ngudokotela.

Uma unesifo esingaphansi kwesisu esinciphisa amasosha omzimba wakho, udokotela wakho uzokusiza ukuthi ubhekane nalesi simo, okuzokwenza kube lula ngawe ukulwa nokutheleleka yi-Astrovirus.

Yini okufanele uyenze uma uthola i-Astrovirus? Izohlala isikhathi esingakanani?

I-Astrovirus ngokuvamile ayidingi ukwelashwa. Ungazinakekela ekhaya ngokuphuza uketshezi oluningi nokuqapha izimpawu zakho. Uma unesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka, udokotela wakho angase akuqaphe ukuze abone ukuthi izimpawu zakho ziya ziba zimbi noma uma kuvela izinkinga.

Kwabaningi, lokhu kutheleleka kwe-Astrovirus kuyaphela phakathi nosuku olulodwa kuya kwezine .

Yiziphi izindlela zokusinda kulokhu?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela kulokhu ukugeza izandla zakho njalo nangokuphelele , ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokudla nangemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese. Khumbula ukuthi izihlanzi-zandla azisebenzi kahle kule Astrovirus. Ngakho-ke kungcono ukugeza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi.

Ungenza futhi lezi zinto ukunciphisa ukusabalala kwalesi sifo:

• Ungabhukudi uma unesifo sohudo. Linda okungenani amasonto amabili ngemva kokuba isifo sohudo siphelile.
• Uma ugeza emachibini, emifuleni, noma emachibini okubhukuda omphakathi, qaphela ukuthi ungangeni amanzi emlonyeni wakho.
• Ungaphuzi amanzi angakaphathwa noma ubisi olungakaphekwanga.
• Geza izithelo nemifino kahle ngamanzi ahlanzekile. Geza, hluba, noma upheke ngaphambi kokudla.
• Uma unemibuzo mayelana nokuphuza noma ukupheka amanzi, sebenzisa amanzi asemabhodleleni.
• Fundisa izingane ezincane ukubaluleka kokugeza izandla zazo zisencane. Geza izandla zakho ngemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese nangaphambi kokudla.

Ngizinakekela kanjani? (Ukuzinakekela)

Kunezindlela eziningana ongazinakekela ngazo uma unesifo sohudo esibangelwa yi-Astrovirus:

• Phuza uketshezi oluningi. Amanzi, umhluzi, iziphuzo zezemidlalo, noma izixazululo zokubuyisela amanzi emzimbeni ngomlomo (njengePedialyte) ziyizinketho ezinhle. Zama ukudla ukudla okunempilo okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Gwema ukuphuza noma ukudla izinto ezikhulisa uhudo kanye nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni (utshwala, i-caffeine, njll.).
• Imithi etholakala ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela efana ne-`(Loperamide - Imodium)` kanye ne-`(Bismuth Subsalicylate - Pepto-Bismol, Kaopectate)` ingasiza ekumiseni uhudo. Kodwa qiniseka ukuthi ubuza udokotela ngaphambi kokuthatha le mithi. Ikakhulukazi i-`(Loperamide)` ingabangela izinkinga zesigqi senhliziyo uma ithathwa ngemithamo emikhulu. Uma unesifo senhliziyo noma sesibindi, tshela udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuyithatha.

Okubaluleke kakhulu: Unganiki izingane ezincane noma izinsana umuthi ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wezingane kuqala. Eminye imithi ephephile kubantu abadala ingase ingafaneleki ezinganeni ezincane.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Kungumqondo omuhle ukubona udokotela uma izimpawu zakho zihlala izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezimbalwa, noma uma unesisu esimanzi (uhudo) izikhathi eziningana ngosuku. Uma unesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka, bona udokotela ngokushesha nje lapho uba nanoma yiziphi izimpawu zokutheleleka.

Kunini lapho kudingeka uye esibhedlela ngokushesha (ETU) ?

Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, iya ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo eliseduze (ER) ngokushesha:

• Uma ungakwazi ukugcina ukudla noma isiphuzo.
• Uma uphuma amanzi esiswini izikhathi ezingaphezu kweshumi ngosuku.
• Uma unezimpawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni okukhulu, lokhu kusho ukuthi:
• Ukudideka
• Ubuthakathaka, ikhanda elikhanyayo, ukuphelelwa yithemba
• Ukuzizwa unesizungu uma umi
• Awuchami noma awuchami kahle
• Umchamo omnyama

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela?

Uma ubona udokotela, kuyasiza ukubuza le mibuzo:

• Ngingazilawula kanjani izimpawu zami ekhaya?
• Yimiphi imithi engingayithatha ngezimpawu zami?
• Yini okufanele ngiyidle futhi ngiyiphuze? Yini okungafanele ngiyidle noma ngiyiphuze?
• Iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu yokuhlala unamanzi emzimbeni?
• Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma izimpawu zami ziba zimbi kakhulu noma zishintsha?
• Yiziphi izimpawu okufanele ngikubize ngazo noma ngiye ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo uma ngizithola?

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

I-Astrovirus iyimbangela evame kakhulu yohudo ezinganeni ezincane. Kodwa isikhathi esiningi, ayibi yingozi futhi izophela yodwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza uze ube ngcono ukuphuza uketshezi oluningi nokudla ukudla okuncane.

Uma izimpawu zakho zinkulu, zihlala izinsuku eziningana, noma uma unesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka, bona udokotela ngaphandle kokungabaza. Ngaleyo ndlela, ungathola usizo oludingayo.

I- Astrovirus, isifo sohudo, ubuhlungu besisu, ukuhlanza, izifo zobuntwana, ukutheleleka ngegciwane, izeluleko zezempilo