Kunzima ukuchaza usizi nokungabi namandla okuzizwayo lapho umuntu oseduze nawe, mhlawumbe ingane yakho, ezalwa eyisithulu, noma elahlekelwa ukuzwa ngokuphelele ngenxa yokugula noma ingozi ethile. Kunezikhathi lapho ucabanga khona, "Ingabe lokhu kuzoba njalo impilo yakho yonke?" Kodwa ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, kunezindlela namuhla ezingaletha ukukhanya ngisho nakulabo abanenkinga enkulu yokuzwa. Leyo ingenye yezindlela ezikhethekile esikhuluma ngazo namuhla.
Kalula nje, iyini i-ABI?
I-ABI isifinyezo se-'Auditory Brainstem Implant'. NgesiSinhala, isho ukuthi 'Auditory Brainstem Implant'. Lena idivayisi ekhethekile evumela abantu abanokulahlekelwa ukuzwa okukhulu, okungukuthi, ingxenye yendlebe yangaphakathi ebamba umsindo (i-'cochlea' noma igobolondo lendlebe) noma inzwa ethwala lezo zimpawu zomsindo ebuchosheni (inzwa yokuzwa) ukuzwa umsindo , noma engekho kusukela ekuzalweni.
Cabanga ngenzwa ethwala umsindo usuka endlebeni yakho uye ebuchosheni bakho njengebhuloho. Uma leli bhuloho liphukile, umsindo awukwazi ukuwela ufinyelele ebuchosheni. Yilapho idivayisi ye-ABI ingena khona. Idlula ibhuloho eliphukile (inzwa) bese ithumela izimpawu ngqo engxenyeni yobuchopho elawula ukuzwa (i-brainstem). Lokhu akuzwakali njengokuzwa okuvamile, kodwa kukunikeza ithuba elihle lokuxhumana kabusha nomhlaba womsindo.
Ibukeka kanjani le divayisi? Ingabe inezingxenye ezimbili?
Yebo, le divayisi inezingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko. Eyodwa igqokwa ngaphandle komzimba, kanti enye ifakwa ngokuhlinzwa emzimbeni.
1. Iprosesa: Lena yingxenye egqokwa phezu kwendlebe noma ohlangothini lwekhanda, njengensiza yokuzwa. Isebenzisa imakrofoni ukuthola imisindo ekuzungezile. Bese iguqula leyo misindo ibe yizimpawu zikagesi bese iyithumela kuprosesa ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Le ngxenye yangaphandle kufanele isuswe uma ulele ebusuku.
2. I-Internal Implant: Lena yingxenye efakwa ngokuhlinzwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Inezinye izingxenye ezimbili.
- Isikhuthazi-sokwamukela: Le ngxenye, enamathele ngaphansi kwesikhumba ohlangothini lwekhanda, ithola izimpawu ezivela ngaphandle.
- I-electrode paddle: Le paddle encane ekugcineni kwe-receiver ibekwa ngokucophelela phezu kwe-cochlear nucleus complex ebuchosheni. Lokhu kuvuselela ubuchopho ngqo futhi kudale umuzwa womsindo.
Ubani lokwelashwa okufanelekela kakhulu?
I-ABI ayifanele wonke umuntu onenkinga yokuzwa. Yenzelwe ngqo abantu abanenkinga yokuzwa ejulile abangakwazi ukuzuza kunoma yiluphi olunye usizo lokuzwa noma i-cochlear implant.
Lobu buchwepheshe baqale bathuthukiswa kubantu abanesimo esingavamile sezakhi zofuzo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2). Kulesi sifo, izimila (ama-acoustic neuromas) zikhula eduze kwe-auditory nerve. Lezi zimila, ngisho noma zisusiwe ngokuhlinzwa, zingabangela umonakalo ongapheli emsipheni we-auditory. Lokhu kungaholela ekulahlekelweni ngokuphelele kokuzwa ezindlebeni zombili.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ABI ingaba wusizo kubantu abadala, izingane, kanye nezinsana ezinezimo ezilandelayo:
- Kulabo abazalwa benenkinga yokungezwa (i-aplasia).
- Kulabo abanezinzwa zokuzwa ezingakakhuli kahle (`hypoplasia`).
- Kulabo abalahlekelwe ukuzwa ngenxa yokukhubazeka okuthile, ukukhula okungaphelele, noma ukukhula kwamathambo (i-cochlear ossification) engxenyeni engaphakathi yendlebe, i-cochlea.
- Kulabo abaye balimala emsipheni wokuzwa ngenxa yokulimala okukhulu kwekhanda (ukuphuka kwethambo lesikhashana).
- Kulabo abanenkinga enkulu yokuzwa abangakwazi ukwelashwa nganoma yiluphi olunye ukwelashwa.
Nakuba abantu abaningi becabanga ukuthi 'kuyinkinga yemizwa', inkinga ingase ibe sendlebeni yangaphakathi. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuba unqume ukuthi i-cochlear implant ayikufanele, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Nguye ozokuhlola futhi akutshele ukuthi yini ekulungele kahle.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-ABI kanye ne-Cochlear Implant?
Nakuba zombili ziyizinsiza-kuzwa, indlela ezisebenza ngayo kanye nezimo ezisetshenziswa kuzo zihluke ngokuphelele. Uzokuqonda kalula lokhu ngokubheka leli thebula.
| Ukuqhathanisa | Ukufakelwa kwe-Cochlear | Ukufakelwa Kwe-Auditory Brainstem (ABI) |
|---|---|---|
| Isetshenziselwa bani? | Lena indlela evame ukusetshenziswa kubantu abanenkinga yokuzwa ngenxa yephutha endlebeni yangaphakathi (i-cochlea), kodwa abanezinzwa zabo zokuzwa ezisebenza kahle . | Kulabo abanezinkinga zendlebe yangaphakathi (i-cochlea) kanye/noma imizwa yokuzwa engasebenzi kahle . |
| Indlela esebenza ngayo | Ivuselela ngqo inzwa yokuzwa , idlula ingxenye enephutha yendlebe yangaphakathi. | Ivuselela ngqo i-brainstem yokuzwa , idlula kokubili indlebe yangaphakathi kanye ne-auditory nerve. |
| Uhlobo lokuhlinzwa | Ukuhlinzwa okulula. Ngokuvamile ungaya ekhaya ngalolo suku. | Ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Udokotela wezindlebe, impumulo, nomphimbo (`Neurotologist`) kanye nodokotela ohlinzayo wobuchopho (`Neurosurgeon`) bavame ukubandakanyeka. Kuzodingeka uhlale esibhedlela izinsuku eziningana. |
Kwenzekani ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlinzwa?
Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa
Ngenxa yokuthi lesi yisinqumo esikhulu, wena kanye nesimo sakho nizohlolwa ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Lokhu kuzohlanganisa ukuhlolwa okuningana:
- Ukuhlolwa kokuzwa: Izinga lakho lokuzwa lilinganiswa ngezinsiza zokuzwa nangaphandle kwazo.
- Ukuhlolwa kokuxhumana: Uchwepheshe wezokukhuluma uzohlola intuthuko yakho yolimi kanye nesitayela sakho sokuxhumana.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-electrophysiological: Ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kwenziwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kuphi nokuthi kungakanani.
- Ama-scan: Ungase ucelwe ukuthi wenze i -CT scan kanye ne-MRI scan ukuze ubheke izingxenye zangaphakathi zendlebe yakho, imizwa yokuzwa, kanye nezindawo ezifanele zobuchopho bakho.
- Umlando wezokwelapha: Udokotela wakho uzobuza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha ophelele kanye nemininingwane mayelana nokulahlekelwa kwakho ukuzwa.
Ngemva kokuhlinzwa
Kuzodingeka uhlale esibhedlela izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezine ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Uma lokhu kwenziwa ngesikhathi esifanayo nokususwa kwesimila esithi `NF2`, ukuhlala esibhedlela kungase kube isikhathi eside.
Kodwa khumbula, idivayisi ayisebenzi ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Ithimba lezokwelapha lizoyivula idivayisi cishe emavikini amane kuya kwayisithupha ngemva kokuhlinzwa, lapho amanxeba esepholile kahle. Ngemva kwalokho, kuzodingeka uye kuyo njalo ngenyanga ngonyaka wokuqala ukuze ulungise izilungiselelo (ukuhlela) zedivayisi ukuze zikufanele.
Injani imiphumela? Ingabe zikhona izingozi?
Imiphumela nezinzuzo
Into yokuqala okufanele uyisho ukuthi i-ABI ngeke ibuyisele ukuzwa okuvamile. Kodwa-ke, izinzuzo ezinikezayo zibalulekile:
- Ukuqwashisa ngemisindo: Uqala ukuqaphela imisindo endaweni okuyo (njengokukhonkotha kwenja, ukukhala kocingo, imoto esondelayo).
- Imisindo ehlukanisayo:Ungakwazi ukuhlukanisa nokubona izinto ezifana nezwi lengane kanye nezwi lomuntu omdala.
- Ukufunda izindebe kuba lula: Uma ubheka izindebe zomuntu kanye nomsindo lapho ekhuluma, ikhono lakho lokuqonda lokho akushoyo liyakhula kakhulu.
Imiphumela iyahlukahluka kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu. Izingane ezithola i-ABI zisencane (ngaphambi kokuba ukulahlekelwa kwazo ukuzwa kube isikhathi eside) zikhonjiswe ukuthi zinekhono elingcono lokuqonda amagama kunabantu abadala.
Izingozi nezinkinga
Ngenxa yokuthi lokhu kuwukuhlinzwa kobuchopho okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, izingozi ezivamile kunoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho nazo zikhona. Uma kwenziwa yithimba lezokwelapha elinolwazi, amathuba okuba nezinkinga aphansi kakhulu. Ezinye zezinkinga ezingaba khona yilezi:
- Ukuvuza koketshezi oluzungeze ubuchopho (`uketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal`).
- Ukungasebenzi kahle kwedivayisi noma ukunyakaza kwe-electrode okufakiwe.
- Ukutheleleka kwenxeba.
- Izifo ezifana ne-meningitis.
- Ukulimala kwe-facial nerve palsy (`Facial nerve palsy`).
- Ukungakhululeki ngenxa yokuvuselelwa kwezinye izingxenye ezingahlobene nokuzwa.
Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizoxoxa nawe ngakho konke lokhu ngokuningiliziwe ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukufakelwa kwe-auditory brainstem (ABI) kuyithuluzi elikhethekile elisetshenziselwa ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kokuzwa okubangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle kwenzwa yokuzwa noma indlebe yangaphakathi (i-cochlea).
- Lokhu kuhlukile ku-cochlear implant. I-ABI ivuselela ngqo i-brainstem yokuzwa.
- Nakuba lokhu kunganikezi ukuzwa okuvamile, kusiza kakhulu ekuqapheleni umsindo, ukuqaphela umsindo, kanye nokuxhumana.
- Lokhu ukuhlinzwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, futhi kubalulekile ukwenza isinqumo ngemva kokuxoxa ngokucophelela ngezinzuzo nezingozi ezihambisana nakho nodokotela wakho.
- Imiphumela ingahluka kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu, kodwa ngokuvuselelwa okufanele kanye nokulandelela, ikhwalithi yokuphila ingathuthukiswa kakhulu.
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