Ingabe ubhekene nenani eliphansi lamaseli amhlophe egazi? Ake sifunde nge-Autoimmune Neutropenia (AIN)!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi kungani amasosha omzimba ethu, esikhundleni sokusivikela, ngezinye izikhathi engaqala ukuhlasela amangqamuzana ethu? Leso yisimo esiyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa esiqondakalayo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Autoimmune Neutropenia (AIN) . Okwenzekayo ukuthi amasosha omzimba ethu ahlasela uhlobo olubaluleke kakhulu lweseli elimhlophe legazi emzimbeni wethu, elibizwa ngokuthi 'ama-neutrophils.' Ngakho ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.

Ngakho-ke, iyini i-Autoimmune Neutropenia (AIN)?

Kalula nje, i-'Autoimmune Neutropenia' (AIN) iyisimo esihlobene negazi. Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi amasosha ethu omzimba, okufanele asivikele, ahlasela ngephutha amangqamuzana ethu amhlophe egazi abizwa ngokuthi 'ama-neutrophils'. Cabanga ngalokhu, njengebutho elivikela izwe lethu ngephutha lihlasela abantu bakithi.

Ayini ama-'Neutrophils'?

Ama-neutrophil ayizingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zesimiso sethu sokuzivikela komzimba. Afana namasosha amancane emizimbeni yethu. Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukuthola nokubhubhisa izinto eziyingozi ezingena emzimbeni, njengebhaktheriya nesikhunta ezibangela izifo. Ngakho-ke, esimweni se-'Autoimmune Neutropenia', isimiso sethu sokuzivikela komzimba sibhubhisa la maseli abalulekile 'ama-neutrophil', ngakho inani 'lama-neutrophil' egazini lehla ngaphansi kwamazinga ajwayelekile.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-AIN:

1. I-Primary Autoimmune Neutropenia (AIN): Lokhu kuvame ukubonakala ezinsaneni nasezinganeni ezincane . Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi inani `lama-neutrophil' liyancipha ngaphandle kwanoma yisiphi esinye isizathu. Kodwa izindaba ezinhle ukuthi lesi simo sivame ukuzixazulula phakathi neminyaka embalwa.

2. I-Secondary Autoimmune Neutropenia (AIN): Lokhu kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni ezindala nakubantu abadala . Lapha, inani eliphansi lama-neutrophil libangelwa esinye isimo sezokwelapha. Isibonelo, lingabangelwa ukutheleleka, esinye isifo segazi, noma esinye isifo sokuzivikela komzimba (isimo lapho amasosha omzimba ehlasela khona umzimba wawo). Lesi simo sesibili se-AIN sivame ukuba singapheli .

Liphansi kangakanani inani lama-neutrophil abizwa ngokuthi i-neutropenia?

I-Autoimmune Neutropenia uhlobo olulodwa nje lwesimo esibanzi esibizwa ngokuthi i-Neutropenia. I-Neutropenia ihlukaniswa njengethambile, ephakathi nendawo, noma enzima, kuye ngenani lama-neutrophils nge-microliter ngayinye (microL) yegazi.

• I-Neutropenia Encane: ama-neutrophil ayi-1,000 – 1,500 nge-microL ngayinye.
• I-Neutropenia Ephakathi: ama-neutrophil angu-500 - 1,000 nge-microL ngayinye.
• I-Neutropenia Enzima: Ama-Neutrophils angaphansi kuka-500 nge-microL ngayinye.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi lezi zindinganiso kufanele ziqinisekiswe udokotela. Uma unokungabaza ngalokhu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.

I-AIN iwuthinta kanjani umzimba wami?

Indlela i-AIN ekuthinta ngayo ingahluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu. Kuye ngezici eziningana, ngakho-ke kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu. Uma inani lakho lama-neutrophil lehla kakhulu, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi uthole izifo . Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zifo zingaba yingozi empilweni, ikakhulukazi uma ungatholi usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, i-autoimmune neutropenia ingabangela ukutheleleka okuncane kuphela. Noma ingaba nezimpawu. Yingakho kubalulekile ukusebenza nodokotela ukuthola ukuthi yini ebangela i-neutropenia yakho. Kuye ngembangela, udokotela wakho angaqapha isimo sakho futhi akusize ulawule ukutheleleka.

Ubani othola i-Autoimmune Neutropenia (AIN)?

• I-AIN Eyinhloko: Lokhu kuthinta kakhulu izinsana nezingane ezincane . Ngokuvamile kutholakala ukuthi une-HIV cishe ezinyangeni ezingu-8 ubudala.
• I-AIN yesibili: Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngesinye isifo sokuzivikela komzimba, njenge-lupus noma i-rheumatoid arthritis. Izingane ezine-AIN yesibili zivame ukutholakala zineminyaka engaba ngu-10. Abantu abadala abane-AIN bavame ukutholakala beneminyaka ephakathi kuka-40 no-60.

Ivame kangakanani i-autoimmune neutropenia?

I-AIN eyinhloko iyisimo esingavamile kakhulu . Sithinta cishe ingane eyodwa kweziyi-100,000 ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-10. Ngakho ungabona ukuthi singavamile kangakanani.

Yiziphi izimpawu ze-Autoimmune Neutropenia?

I-Autoimmune Neutropenia ayihlali ibangela izimpawu ezinkulu. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi ungase ubone izimpawu zokutheleleka. Isibonelo:

• Ukutheleleka kwendlebe: Lesi esinye sezimpawu ezivame kakhulu. Cabanga ngengane yakho encane iqhubeka nokuba nobuhlungu bendlebe, bese kuthi uma uya kudokotela, ikutshele ukuthi kungenye ukutheleleka kwendlebe.
• Izifo zokuphefumula: Umkhuhlane ovamile, ukukhwehlela, kanye nomkhuhlane.
• Ukutheleleka komlomo: Izinto ezifana nezilonda zomlomo kanye ne-gingivitis.
• Izifo zesikhumba.
• Inyumoniya.
• I-Meningitis.
• Ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo (UTIs).
• I-Sepsis: Lokhu kuyisifo esiyingozi kakhulu nesisongela ukuphila.

Izifo ezihambisana ne-AIN eyinhloko ngokuvamile zincane, kodwa izifo ezimbi njenge-pneumonia, i-meningitis, kanye ne-sepsis zivame kakhulu kwi-AIN yesibili.

Yini ebangela i-autoimmune neutropenia?

I-AIN ihlukaniswa njengeyinhloko noma eyesibili kuye ngokuthi imbangela yamazinga aphansi e-neutrophil ibangelwa yini.

I-Neutropenia Eyinhloko Ye-Autoimmune (i-AIN Eyinhloko)

Ku-AIN eyinhloko, ama-antibodies ahlasela futhi abhubhise ama-neutrophil. Ama-antibodies awuhlobo lweprotheni ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela komzimba. Umsebenzi wawo ojwayelekile ukubhubhisa izinto eziyingozi, njengegciwane namabhaktheriya, angena emzimbeni. Kodwa okwamanje, abacwaningi abakakazi kahle ukuthi kungani ama-antibodies ethu ehlasela la ma-neutrophil.

I-Neutropenia Yesibili Yokuzivikela Emzimbeni (i-AIN Yesibili)

Ku-AIN yesibili, inani lama-neutrophil liyancishiswa ngenxa yesinye isizathu noma isimo. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sibhubhise ama-neutrophil.

Ezinye izinto ezingadala lokhu yilezi:

• Ezinye izifo zokuzivikela komzimba: Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-rheumatoid arthritis, i-lupus, kanye ne-autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
• Umdlavuza: Isibonelo, `i-large granular lymphocyte leukemia`.
• Izifo: Izifo ezifana ne-'HIV', 'Parvovirus', 'hepatitis B'.
• Izimila: Njenge-'Wilms tumor', 'isifo sikaHodgkin'.
• Izifo ze-neurological: Isibonelo, i-multiple sclerosis.
• Ukufakelwa kwezinso noma umnkantsha.
• Imithi ethile: Ikakhulukazi eminye imithi ye-chemotherapy enikezwa umdlavuza.

I-Autoimmune Neutropenia ihlolwa kanjani? (Ukuxilongwa)

Uma unomkhuhlane noma ukutheleleka, udokotela wakho angase athole ukuthi inani lakho lama-neutrophil liphansi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze kutholakale imbangela. Ukuthola i-AIN kungaba nzima kancane, njengoba kunezimbangela eziningi ezingaba khona. Udokotela wakho angase athole i-AIN ngemva kokukhipha ezinye izimo ezingase zibangele inani lakho lama-neutrophil libe phansi.

Ukuze axilonge noma aqaphe i-'Autoimmune Neutropenia', udokotela wakho angenza lezi zivivinyo ezilandelayo:

• Ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele (i-CBC): I-CBC ingahlola inani lama-neutrophil egazini lakho. Ngenxa yokuthi la mazinga angahluka, udokotela wakho uvame ukwenza ama-CBC angaphezu kweyodwa ukuqinisekisa i-neutropenia nokuqapha amazinga akho e-neutrophil. Ama-CBC avamile angasiza futhi ekunqumeni ukuthi i-AIN yakho ayimihlala njalo.
• I-smear yegazi elingaphandle: Isampula yegazi ihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuhlola ukuma kanye nohlobo lwama-neutrophil. Lokhu kusiza nasekuxilongweni.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Vitamin B12, i-folate, kanye ne-copper: Lokhu kuhlolwa kungahlola ukuntuleka kwalezi zakhi zomzimba. Umzimba udinga lokhu ukuze wakhe ama-neutrophils.
• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi: Lokhu kungahlola nokusebenza kwesibindi nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini i-hepatitis ebangelwa yigciwane.
• I-HIV kanye nezinye izifundo zegciwane: Ukutheleleka ngegciwane njenge-HIV nakho kungabangela ukwehla kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi.
• I-Flow cytometry: Lolu vivinyo lwelabhorethri olubheka amangqamuzana ukuze lubone izimpawu zesifo. Lusetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuthi i-neutropenia ibangelwa yini yisimo sokuzivikela komzimba.
• Ukuthwebula Izithombe: Uma kukhona ukusola ukuthi i-AIN ibangelwa umdlavuza ofana ne-lymphoma, kungenziwa i-MRI noma i-CT scan.
• Ukufiphaza umnkantsha wethambo kanye ne-biopsy: Lapha, udokotela uthatha isampula encane yomnkantsha wethambo bese eyihlola ukuze abone izimpawu zesifo. Lokhu kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi i-neutropenia ibangelwa yini umdlavuza wegazi, njenge-leukemia.

Udokotela wakho angase futhi acele ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze kuhlolwe ama-antibodies egazini lakho ahlasela ama-neutrophils. Ukuhlolwa okuvame kakhulu yi-I-GIFT (Indirect granulocyte immunofluorescence test) kanye ne-GAT (Granulocyte agglutination test).

Ngeshwa, lezi zivivinyo azithembeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ekutholeni i-AIN. Kuye ngembangela ye-neutropenia yakho kanye nesikhathi sokuhlolwa, lezi zivivinyo zingase zingawatholi ama-antibodies noma zingase zinikeze imiphumela engamanga. Umphumela ongamanga uwukuthi lapho ukuhlolwa kubonisa ukuthi ama-antibodies akhona lapho engekho.

Uma udokotela esola ukuthi i-neutropenia ibangelwa yisimo esithile, angase acele ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.

Iphathwa kanjani i-Autoimmune Neutropenia?

Ukwelashwa kuncike ebunzimeni besimo sakho. Isibonelo, ingane ene-neutropenia engenazimpawu ingadinga kuphela ukuba ne-CBC ejwayelekile kanye nenani le-neutrophil, kodwa ingase ingadingi ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Uma ingane yakho inezifo ezivame ukutheleleka, udokotela wakho angase akunikeze ama-antibiotic okuvimbela ukutheleleka. Ama-antibiotic avame ukunikezwa ukwelapha izifo, kodwa lawa ma-antibiotic okuvimbela ukutheleleka anikezwa ukuvimbela ukutheleleka.

Kumuntu one-AIN yesibili, udokotela uzokwelapha isimo esiyisisekelo esibangela amazinga aphansi e-neutrophil. Bangase futhi bakunikeze:

• I-Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF): Lena yindlela eyinhloko yokwelapha izimo ezinzima ze-neutropenia. Isiza umzimba ukuthi wenze ama-neutrophil engeziwe. I-G-CSF ingavimbela nokutheleleka okuvamile okuhlobene ne-AIN eyinhloko.
• Ama-Corticosteroids: Ama-Corticosteroids, njenge-prednisone, acindezela impendulo yomzimba wakho yokuzivikela, anciphise inani lama-antibodies ahlasela ama-neutrophils.
• Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha: Eminye imithi efana ne-IVIG, i-rituximab, kanye ne-alemtuzumab nayo isetshenziswe ezigulini ezigula kakhulu ezine-autoimmune neutropenia enzima.

Ingabe i-Autoimmune Neutropenia ingavinjelwa?

Akukho i-Primary AIN noma i-Secondary AIN engavinjelwa . Kodwa-ke, ungavimbela izinkinga ezihlobene ne-'Autoimmune Neutropenia', okungukuthi, ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuthatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokuzivikela ezifweni. Isibonelo, ukugwema izindawo ezinabantu abaningi, ukugeza izandla zakho njalo, kanye nokugwema abantu abagulayo.

Hlobo luni lwekusasa umuntu one-Autoimmune Neutropenia angalulindela?

I-AIN eyinhloko ivame ukuzixazulula yodwa . Cishe ama-95% ezingane ezine-AIN amazinga azo e-neutrophil abuyela esimweni esijwayelekile eneminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu. Cishe zonke izingane ezine-AIN eyinhloko ziyalulama ngokugcwele zineminyaka engu-11. Lokhu kuyaduduza ngempela, akunjalo?

Kwezinye izimo, okubizwa ngokuthi i-AIN yesibili, ukululama kwakho kuncike ezintweni eziningana, ikakhulukazi isimo esiyisisekelo esibangele i-neutropenia yakho. Ukwelapha leso simo nokuvimbela ukutheleleka kungasiza ukubuyisela inani lakho lama-neutrophil esimweni esijwayelekile.

Kufanele ngifune nini iseluleko sezokwelapha?

Uma une-autoimmune neutropenia enzima futhi uba nomkhuhlane, bona udokotela ngokushesha . Ngezinye izikhathi, udokotela wakho angase akunike ama-antibiotic kusengaphambili ukuze uwathathe uma uba nomkhuhlane. Ezimweni eziningi, kuzodingeka welashwe esibhedlela.

Uma une-autoimmune neutropenia enzima, yesikhathi eside, udokotela wakho uzokuchazela ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu okufanele uzazi nokuthi yini ongayenza ukuvimbela izinkinga.

Khumbula: Uma wena noma ingane yakho nitholakala nine-AIN, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngendlela enithinta ngayo. Nakuba izimpawu nezimbangela zihluka, izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukwelashwa okufana ne-G-CSF kusebenza kahle kakhulu ekwandiseni amazinga e-neutrophil.

Uma ingane yakho ine-AIN, thola ukuhlolwa kwegazi njalo njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wakho. Qaphela izimpawu zokutheleleka, futhi ufune ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu uma ubona noma yiziphi, ukuze uvimbele izinkinga ezingaba khona.

Isifinyezo (Umyalezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngakho-ke ngithemba ukuthi usuyaqonda kangcono i-'Autoimmune Neutropenia' (AIN) esikhulume ngayo.

• I-AIN yisimo lapho amasosha omzimba wethu ebhubhisa khona amangqamuzana ethu amhlophe egazi abizwa ngokuthi 'ama-neutrophils'.
• Lokhu kungenzeka ezinganeni ezincane (i-AIN eyinhloko) noma kubantu abadala (i-AIN eyinhloko). I-AIN eyinhloko ezinganeni ezincane ivame ukuzixazulula yodwa.
• Ingozi enkulu ukutheleleka njalo.
• Kukhona ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nokunye ukuhlolwa kokuxilongwa.
• Ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa ukubhekisisa, imithi yokulwa nokutheleleka, i-G-CSF, kanye ne-corticosteroids.
• Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukungesabi noma ukwethuka bese ucela iseluleko sezokwelapha uma wena noma ingane yakho ninalezi zimpawu. Uma kutholakale ukuthi unalesi sifo kusenesikhathi futhi kuphathwa kahle, ungaphila impilo enempilo ngisho noma une-AIN.

Uma uneminye imibuzo mayelana nalokhu, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Yibo abangakunikeza iseluleko esingcono kakhulu.

I- Neutropenia, i-Autoimmune Neutropenia, Amaseli Amhlophe Egazi, Isistimu Yokuzivikela Emzimbeni, Ukutheleleka, Izifo Zegazi, Izifo Zezingane