Wake wacabanga ukuthi ngosizo olulodwa nje, ungasindisa impilo yonke yomuntu ohlushwa isifo esibi njenge-leukemia? Akumangazi ngempela lokho? Yilokho okushiwo ukunikela ngamaseli egazi. Ukuzwa leli gama kungase kuzwakale kuyesabisa kancane, futhi kungase kubonakale kuyinto enkulu. Kodwa namuhla sizokhuluma ngalokhu kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.
Ayini lawa maseli egazi?
Kalula nje, amaseli e-stem awuhlobo lweseli 'eliyinhloko' emzimbeni wethu. Okusho ukuthi, la maseli angaba yinoma yiluphi uhlobo lweseli oludingwa ngumzimba. La maseli e-stem egazi esikhuluma ngawo angenza zonke izinhlobo ezintathu ezibalulekile zamaseli egazini lethu: amaseli abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi, nama-platelet. La maseli avame ukutholakala emnkantsheni wethu wamathambo.
Ngakho-ke, lapho umuntu eba nomdlavuza wegazi njenge-leukemia, okwenzekayo ukuthi ifektri ekhiqiza amangqamuzana emnkantsheni wethambo iyaphela. Lokho kusho ukuthi esikhundleni samangqamuzana aphilile, kukhiqizwa amangqamuzana angavamile, anesifo. Yilapho-ke kudingeka khona ukufakelwa iseli le-stem eliphilile.
Ubani odinga ukufakelwa i-stem cell?
Kunezifo eziningana lapho lokhu kwelashwa kungasindisa impilo. Ngokuvamile, lezi yizifo ezihlobene negazi kanye nesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela.
Lokhu kwelashwa kuhilela ukubhubhisa umongo wethambo wesiguli owonakele futhi onesifo bese uwushintsha ngamaseli okuqala athathwe kumuntu ophilile. Lawa maseli amasha abe esehlala emnothweni wesiguli bese eqala ukwenza amaseli egazi amasha, anempilo.
Nazi ezinye zezimo eziyinhloko ezidinga lokhu kwelashwa:
- I-Leukemia: Umdlavuza wamaseli amhlophe egazi.
- I-Lymphoma: Umdlavuza wesistimu ye-lymphatic.
- I-Multiple Myeloma: Umdlavuza wamaseli e-plasma emnkantsheni wethambo.
- I-Aplastic Anemia: Isimo lapho umongo wethambo ungakwazi ukwenza amaseli amasha.
- I-Sickle Cell Anemia: Isifo esidluliselwa ngofuzo esibangela ukushintsha kwesimo samaseli abomvu egazi.
- Ezinye izifo ezahlukahlukene ezihlobene ne-myeloma kanye nomnkantsha wamathambo.
Uyikhetha kanjani 'efaneleka kakhulu'?
Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu futhi eyinkimbinkimbi yenqubo. Njengoba nje uhlobo lwegazi luhambisana lapho kunikelwa ngegazi, ukunikela ngamaseli okuqala kudinga ukufana okujulile nakakhulu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukufanisa i-HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) .
I-HLA iyiqoqo lezimpawu ebusweni bawo wonke amaseli emzimbeni wethu. Amasosha ethu omzimba abheka lezi zimpawu ukuze abone ukuthi 'lokhu kuyingxenye yomzimba wethu' noma 'lokhu kuyinto engavamile.' Izimpawu ze-HLA zomnikeli nomamukeli kumele zifane ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma kungenjalo, umzimba wesiguli ungase wenqabe amaseli asanda kutshalwa, noma amaseli amasha angahlasela umzimba wesiguli.
Odokotela bafuna umuntu ofanele ngale ndlela:
1. Amalungu omndeni aseduze: Izelamani yizo ezingaba yizihlobo ezinhle kakhulu. Kungaba khona futhi ukufana phakathi kwabazali nezingane.
2. Abanikeli abangahlobene: Uma ilungu lomndeni lingafani, umuntu ofanelana naye useshwa ezindaweni zokubhalisa zabanikeli bamaseli e-stem emhlabeni jikelele.
3. Abanikeli be-Haploidentical: Ngezinye izikhathi, ilungu lomndeni (isib. abazali, izingane) elilingana kahle nezimpawu ze-HLA lingasetshenziswa.
Ungakwazi yini nawe ukuba ngumnikeli? - Inqubo isinyathelo ngesinyathelo
Uma umuntu efuna ukwenza into enhle kanje, kunenqubo efanele. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuphepha okukhulu komnikeli kanye nomamukeli.
| Izinyathelo | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| 1. Ukubhalisa | Okokuqala, udinga ukujoyina irejista yabanikeli, lapho ugcwalisa khona uhlu lwemibuzo mayelana nomlando wakho wezempilo bese uveza imvume yakho. |
| 2. Ukuhlolwa kwe-HLA | Kwenziwa ukuhlolwa ukuthola uhlobo lwakho lwe-HLA. Kulula kakhulu. Usula ingaphakathi lomlomo wakho nge-cotton bud encane bese uthumela lelo sampula leseli ukuze lihlolwe. |
| 3. Ukuthola okufanayo | Uma uhlobo lwakho lwe-HLA lufana nesiguli, irejista izokuthinta. Lokhu kungathatha izinyanga, mhlawumbe iminyaka. Noma kungase kungabi yinto efanayo. |
| 4. Ukuhlolwa kokuqinisekiswa | Uma kutholakala okufanayo, kuzothathwa isampula yegazi ukuqinisekisa ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nokuhambisana. Kuzophinde kwenziwe ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwezokwelapha ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uphilile. |
| 5. Ukwazi kanye nokuvuma | Umeluleki uzochaza yonke inqubo, izingozi zayo, nakho konke okunye kuwe. Ngemuva kwalokho, imvume yakho enolwazi izotholakala. |
Ubani ongafaneleki kulokhu?
Akuwona wonke umuntu onganikela ngama-stem cell. Ubudala kanye nesimo sempilo yizona zinto eziyinhloko. Ngokuvamile, abantu abanempilo abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-18 no-40 bangabhalisa. Ezinye izimo ezingakwenza ungafaneleki ukunikela zifaka:
- Ukutheleleka nge-HIV/AIDS.
- Izifo ezizenzakalelayo njenge-arthritis enzima (isb. i-Rheumatoid Arthritis).
- Ukuba nomlando wesifo senhliziyo (ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass).
- Njengoba ngike ngelashwa umdlavuza (ikakhulukazi eminyakeni emihlanu edlule).
- Isifo sikashukela sisebenzisa i-insulin.
- Ukutheleleka kwe-Hepatitis B noma C.
- Isifo sezinso esibi kakhulu.
Lolu hlu aluphelele. Uma unesifiso sokunikela kodwa ungaqiniseki ngokufaneleka kwakho, kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho.
Indlela inqubo yokuvuna amaseli esebenza ngayo
Uma usuwamukelwe njengomnikeli, uzonikezwa umjovo wansuku zonke kusukela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kosuku amaseli akho aqoqwa ngalo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Filgrastim . Lo mjovo uvuselela umongo wakho wamathambo ukuze ukhiphe inani elikhulu lamaseli okuqala egazini lakho. Lo mjovo ungabangela imiphumela emibi emincane, njengobuhlungu bomzimba, umkhuhlane omncane, kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuzophela ngokushesha ngemva komjovo.
Ngosuku lokuqoqwa kwamaseli, nakhu okwenzekayo:
1. Uzobekwa esihlalweni noma embhedeni okhululekile.
2. I-cannula (ithubhu elincane) izofakwa emthanjeni ezingalweni zakho zombili.
3. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, igazi lakho liya emshinini. Lo mshini uhlukanisa kuphela amaseli okuqala egazini.
4. Ngemva kokuba amaseli okuqala ehlukene, igazi elisele libuyiselwa emzimbeni wakho nge-cannula engalweni enye.
Yonke inqubo ithatha cishe amahora angu-4-6. Kungathatha izinsuku ezingu-2-3 ukuqoqa inani elidingekayo lamaseli. Kufana nokunikela ngegazi, kodwa kuthatha isikhathi eside.
Azikho izingozi ezinkulu noma imiphumela emibi ngemva kwale nqubo. Abanye abantu bangase babhekane nokwehla okuncane kwamazinga e-calcium kanye nokuqaqamba kwemisipha. Ngaleso sikhathi, ithimba lezokwelapha lizokunikeza iphilisi le-calcium. Ngemva kokuba umnikelo usuphelile, ungaqhubeka nemisebenzi yakho evamile.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukunikela ngamaseli egazi kuyisenzo esihle, njengokunikela ngokuphila kumuntu ohlushwa izifo ezinkulu njenge-leukemia.
- Lena inqubo ephephile kakhulu kumnikeli. Ngeke kube khona ukulimala kwesikhathi eside emzimbeni wakho.
- Ukuze ube ngumnikeli, kumele ube ngumuntu ophilile futhi uhlangabezane neziqondiso zezokwelapha.
- Ngenxa yokuthi ukufanisa umnikeli nesiguli kuncike kuhlobo lwe-HLA, kungaba yinto engavamile kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi abantu abaningi babhalise njengabanikeli.
- Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngale nqubo, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngayo. Bazokunikeza isiqondiso esifanele.
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