Umdlavuza webele usemncane? (Umdlavuza Webele Oqala Ukuqala) Masiqaphele lokhu!

Wake wacabanga ukuthi umdlavuza webele ungakhula usemncane kangaka, phakathi kweminyaka eyi-18 neyi-45? Lokhu empeleni akuyona into engenakwenzeka njengoba ungase ucabange. Ngezinye izikhathi, izimo ezinjalo zingase zenzeke nakubangane bethu abaseduze. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngokuningiliziwe nangokulula ngomdlavuza webele oqala ekuqaleni .

Uyini Umdlavuza Webele Oqala Ukuqala?

Kalula nje, umdlavuza webele wentsha yilapho odokotela bekuthola khona ukuthi unomdlavuza webele phakathi kweminyaka eyi-18 neyi-45. Sivame ukuzwa ukuthi umdlavuza webele uvame kakhulu kwabesifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50. Lokho kuyiqiniso. Kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi abantu abasebasha abakwazi ukuwuthola. Ngezinye izikhathi, intsha kanye nabantu abadala abasebasha nabo bangawuthola.

Umdlavuza webele uhluke kanjani kwabesifazane abasebasha?

Nasi iphuzu elibalulekile. Uma owesifazane osemusha ethola umdlavuza webele, ungase ube sezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu kunokuba ubungavela kumuntu oneminyaka engaphezu kuka-45. Esinye isizathu ukuthi umdlavuza kungenzeka ukuthi usakazeke kancane uma utholakala kuleli qembu leminyaka. Ukuhlolwa njalo komdlavuza webele kuvame ukuqala ngemva kweminyaka engu-40. Esinye isizathu ukuthi abesifazane abasebasha bangase bangaziboni kahle izimpawu futhi bangase bangatsheli udokotela kuze kube kamuva.

Futhi, umdlavuza webele kwabesifazane abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-45 ngezinye izikhathi ungaba nolaka kakhulu futhi kube nzima ukwelapha. Lokhu kunqunywa izinto ezifana nezimpawu zomdlavuza .

Yiziphi izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza webele kwabesifazane abasebasha?

Abesifazane abasebasha bangahlakulela noma yiluphi uhlobo lomdlavuza webele, kodwa kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezivame kakhulu:

• I-Invasive Ductal Carcinoma: Lolu uhlobo lomdlavuza webele oluvame kakhulu kunoma yimuphi ubudala.
• Umdlavuza Webele Ongemuhle Kathathu: Lolu uhlobo lomdlavuza webele olungavamile nolunolaka. Kungaba nzima kakhulu futhi ukwelapha.

Kuvamile kangakanani lokhu phakathi kwabesifazane abasebasha?

Umdlavuza webele awuvamile kakhulu kwabesifazane abasebasha kunalabo abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-45. Kodwa-ke, lokho akusho ukuthi awuvamile. Uma sikhuluma nje, cishe u-10% wamacala omdlavuza webele asanda kutholakala ukhona kwabesifazane abasebasha.

Ngokusho kwedatha evela e-United States, cishe owesifazane oyedwa kwabangu-196 abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-15 no-39 uzoba nomdlavuza webele ohlaselayo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu.

Ziyini izimpawu?

Izimpawu zomdlavuza webele kwabesifazane abasebasha zifana nezakwabanye abantu abaneminyaka yobudala. Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi, kungcono ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngaphandle kokwesaba.

• Amaqhubu emabeleni noma amaqhubu endaweni engaphansi kwekhwapha.
• Ubuhlungu bebele (i-Mastalgia).
• Izinguquko esikhumbeni samabele: ukubomvu, ukufiphala, noma ukuqubuka.
• Ingono eguquliwe.
• Ukuphuma kwezingono - kungaba buhlungu noma kungabi buhlungu.
• Ama-lymph node avuvukele.
• Ukuzwa ukuqina noma ukuvuvukala esikhumbeni sebele noma engcondweni.

Khumbula, ukuthi nje unalezi zimpawu akusho ukuthi umdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, kuwukuhlakanipha ukuyohlolwa udokotela.

Yiziphi izimbangela zalo mdlavuza oqala ukhula usemncane?

Cishe ingxenye yazo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza webele kwabesifazane abasebasha ihlotshaniswa nokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo kumajini abizwa ngokuthi i-BRCA1 noma i-BRCA2 . Lezi zakhi zofuzo ngokuvamile zilawula ukukhula kwamaseli angajwayelekile angabangela umdlavuza. Njengokushintsha. Kodwa uma lezi zakhi zofuzo ziguquguquka, lawo maseli angajwayelekile akhula engalawuleki. Uma une -BRCA1 noma i-BRCA2 gene mutation , usengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza webele kanye ne-ovarian.

Abacwaningi basafuna ezinye izinguquko zofuzo ezandisa ingozi yomdlavuza webele kwabesifazane abasebasha. Ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo njenge -TP53, i-PTEN, i-STK11, i-PALB2, kanye ne-CDH1 kuhlotshaniswa nengozi ephezulu. Kunezinye izakhi zofuzo ezifana nalezi, futhi sithemba ukuhlonza ezinye zalezi zixhumanisi eminyakeni ezayo.

Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi akuwona wonke umdlavuza webele okhula kwabesifazane abasebasha obangelwa yizimbangela zofuzo. Eminye imidlavuza ingavela ngokuzenzakalelayo .

Yiziphi izinto ezibangela ingozi?

Umlando wezokwelapha womndeni wakho unomthelela omkhulu engcupheni yakho yokuba nomdlavuza webele usemncane. Uma othile emndenini wakho eke waba noma enanoma yiziphi zalezi zimo ezilandelayo, ungase ube sengozini enkulu:

• Umuntu owaba nomdlavuza webele ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-50.
• Umuntu onomdlavuza emabeleni womabili.
• Umuntu onomdlavuza webele wabesilisa.
• Indoda enomdlavuza we-prostate osakazeke kakhulu.
• Umuntu oke waba nomdlavuza wesibeletho nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
• Umuntu onomdlavuza we-pancreatic.
• Umuntu onomdlavuza webele onemiphumela emithathu emibi.

Ezinye izinto eziyingozi:

• Ukuba nokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo njenge-BRCA1 kanye ne-BRCA2 , noma ukuba nelungu lomndeni elinalezi zinguquko.
• Njengoba ngithole ukwelashwa ngemisebe endaweni yesifuba ngaphambilini.
• Izimo zesifuba ezingaphambi komdlavuza njenge- Atypical Hyperplasia nomaUkuba nezimo ezifana ne -Lobular Carcinoma in Situ (LCIS) .
• Uma ungowozalo lwama -Ashkenazi amaJuda .

Uma unomlando womndeni womdlavuza webele, udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo . Lokhu ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Kungathola ukuthi une-mutation yezakhi zofuzo eyandisa ingozi yakho yokuba nomdlavuza webele noma eminye i-cancer. Uma une-mutation, udokotela wakho angase akuthumele ekwelulekweni kwezakhi zofuzo . Lokhu kungakusiza ukuthi uqonde kangcono ingozi yakho. Ungathunyelwa nasekliniki yebele enobungozi obukhulu ukuze kulawulwe izingozi kanye nokulandelwa kwazo.

Kwenziwa kanjani ukuxilongwa?

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uneminyaka emingaki, indlela odokotela abaxilonga ngayo umdlavuza webele ihlala ifana. Okokuqala, udokotela uzokwenza ukuhlolwa kwebele . Ngemuva kwalokho, bazobuza ngezimpawu zakho, umlando wezokwelapha, kanye nomlando wezokwelapha womndeni. Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe nakho kungenziwa ukuze kubhekwe noma yikuphi ukukhula okungavamile emabeleni akho. Uma kutholakala izinkinga, udokotela angathatha isampula encane yezicubu zebele lakho ukuze ihlolwe (i-biopsy) .

Yikuphi ukuhlolwa kwamabele okutholakala kwabesifazane abasebasha?

Uma ungaphansi kweminyaka engama-40 futhi unengozi enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza webele, udokotela wakho angase akuncomele ukuhlolwa okufana nalokhu:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-MRI yebele.
• Ukuhlolwa njalo kwe-mammogram.

Ingabe abesifazane abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-40 kufanele bahlolwe ama-mammogram?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-mammogram akuvamile ukunconywa kwabesifazane abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-40. Kodwa-ke, uma une-genetic mutation eyaziwayo noma uma umndeni wakho ube nomdlavuza webele usemncane, udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuthi uqale ukuhlolwa kusenesikhathi. Ungakhathazeki uma bencoma ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.

Inzuzo yokuhlolwa kusenesikhathi ukuthi uma uba nomdlavuza webele, ungatholakala esiteji sokuqala, ngaphambi kokuba usakazeke (ususakazeke) kwezinye izitho zomzimba , okusho ukuthi usabela kangcono ekwelashweni.

Umdlavuza webele kwabesifazane abasebasha welashwa kanjani?

Ukwelashwa kuqala ngengxoxo phakathi kwakho nodokotela wakho. Bazoxoxa ngezinto ezifana nohlobo lomdlavuza wakho, isigaba somdlavuza, nokuthi unethemba lokuqala umndeni noma ukuba nezingane. Ngemva kokucabangela konke lokhu, nobabili nizosebenzisana ukudala uhlelo lokwelashwa olulungele wena.

Kuye ngesimo sakho kanye nezimpawu zesimila , uhlelo lokwelapha lungafaka:

• Ukuhlinzwa komdlavuza webele: Ukususwa kwesigaxa kuphela (i-Lumpectomy) noma ukususwa kwebele lonke (i-Mastectomy).
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali.
• Ukwelashwa ngama-hormone.
• Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe.
• Ukwelashwa okuqondiwe.

Yiziphi izinkinga zokwelashwa?

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma ngemisebe kungathinta ikhono lakho lokukhulelwa okunempilo . Uma uhlela ukuqala umndeni, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngezinketho zokulondoloza inzalo ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa ngomdlavuza webele.

Uma uthatha ama-estrogen blocker njengengxenye yokwelashwa ngama-hormone , ungase ube nezimpawu zokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini .

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwelashwa komdlavuza webele kungabangela eminye imiphumela emibi, njenge:

• Ukukhathazeka noma ukucindezeleka.
• Ukukhathazeka ngesithombe somzimba.
• Ukukhathala komdlavuza.
• Ubuhlungu bomdlavuza.
• I-Lymphedema - Lokhu kusho ukuvuvukala kwezingalo noma isifuba.

Ingabe ingozi yokuthola umdlavuza webele isencane ingancishiswa?

Ayikho indlela yokuvimbela ngokuphelele umdlavuza webele kunoma yimuphi ubudala. Kodwa-ke, uma kutholakala ukuthi usengozini enkulu yomdlavuza webele, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlolwe amabele kusenesikhathi futhi njalo. Udokotela wakho angase futhi akuncome ukwelulekwa ngofuzo .

Uma ubona iqhubu, ubuhlungu, noma olunye ushintsho ebeleni lakho, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Uma kwenzeka umdlavuza, ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kuyithuba elihle kakhulu lokwelashwa okuphumelelayo.

Yiziphi izinketho enginazo uma ngisesigabeni esisengozini enkulu?

Uma une-genetic mutation futhi usengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza webele, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Uzoxoxa ngezinto eziyingozi zakho futhi athuthukise uhlelo lokuhlolwa. Kwezinye izimo, ungase welulekwe nokuthi ucabangele ukususwa kwesisu okuvikelwe .

Lingakanani izinga lokusinda komdlavuza webele kwabesifazane abasebasha?

Uma kukhulunywa ngokululama emdlavuza webele, uhlobo kanye nesigaba somdlavuza kubaluleke kakhulu kuneminyaka yakho.

Izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu kwabesifazane abanomdlavuza webele ohlaselayo ongakasabalali (owakhiwe ngama-metastasized) licishe libe ngu-91%. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu abaningi abatholakale kulesi sigaba salesi sifo basaphila eminyakeni emihlanu ngemuva kokuxilongwa.

Uma umdlavuza usakazekela ngale kwebele - uye kuma-lymph node noma kwezinye izitho zomzimba - izinga lokusinda liyancipha. Izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu lomdlavuza webele osakazekele kuma-lymph node lingu-86%.

Uma umdlavuza usakazekela engxenyeni ekude yomzimba wakho, njengamathambo , isibindi, amaphaphu, noma ubuchopho , izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu lingehla liye ku-31%.

Ngenxa yokuthi isimo somuntu wonke sihlukile, kungcono ukubuza udokotela wakho wezifo zomdlavuza ngohlobo lomdlavuza wakho, isigaba sawo, nokuthi yini ongayilindela eminyakeni ezayo.

Ngingazinakekela kanjani?

Ukuthola ukuthi unomdlavuza cishe kuyinto enzima kakhulu oyoke ubhekane nayo empilweni yakho. Kuzoba nemizwa eminingi, izinto okunzima ukukhuluma ngazo, kanye nezinsuku nobusuku okumelwe ulinde ukuze ubone odokotela. Kuzoba nezinsuku ezinzima, kokubili ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Kodwa, ngokusekelwa okufanele, lolu hambo lungenziwa.

Udokotela wakho angakuxhumanisa namaqembu okusekelana , anikeze ulwazi mayelana nokusinda komdlavuza, futhi anikeze izincomo ezisize abesifazane abasebasha abanomdlavuza webele.

Umdlavuza webele ungavela nini eminyakeni emingaki?

Eqinisweni, umdlavuza webele ungakhula ebuntwaneni (nakuba ungavamile kakhulu). Cishe u-10% wamacala omdlavuza webele asanda kutholakala utholakala kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-45.

Asikho isikhathi esihle sokuthola umdlavuza. Kodwa, ukuthola usemncane kungaba yisizungu esikhulu. Ungase uzizwe sengathi ungumuntu omncane kunabo bonke egumbini lokulinda likadokotela. Kodwa awuwedwa. Ithimba lakho lokunakekela umdlavuza lizoba nawe kuzo zonke izinyathelo. Babuze ngezinsiza ezitholakalayo kwabesifazane abanomdlavuza webele besebancane. Ukukhuluma nomuntu oke waba nokuhlangenwe nakho okufanayo kungakusiza uqonde ukuthi yini ongayilindela futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, uzizwe uqondwa.

Umyalezo Wokugcina Wokuya Nasekhaya

Nansi eminye yemibono okufanele uyikhumbule kulokho esikhulume ngakho:

• Umdlavuza webele ungakhula ngisho usemncane. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunakekela amabele akho nokufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko.
• Uma unomlando womndeni womdlavuza, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho. Bangase batuse izinto ezifana nokuhlolwa kofuzo.
• Qaphela izimpawu. Ungawanaki amaqhubu, ubuhlungu, izinguquko zesikhumba, noma ukuphuma kwamanzi ezingonweni.
• Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kungcono kakhulu. Uma kutholakala kusenesikhathi, kulapho kungenzeka khona ukuthi ukwelashwa kuphumelele.
• Awuwedwa. Uma ubhekene nesimo esinjengalesi, funa usizo kodokotela, emndenini, kubangani, kanye namaqembu okusekela. Impilo yengqondo nayo ibaluleke kakhulu.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luwusizo kuwe. Hlala uphilile!

Umdlavuza webele, umdlavuza usemncane, izakhi zofuzo ze-BRCA, izimpawu zomdlavuza, ukwelashwa komdlavuza, impilo yebele, ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo