Sonke sizithanda kakhulu izilwane, akunjalo? Abanye abantu bagcina izinja namakati emakhaya. Abanye benza izinto ezifana nokufuya izinkomo nezimbuzi. Kodwa uma sinalezi zilwane ezithandekayo, sidinga futhi ukucabanga kancane ngezifo esingazithola kuzo. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngesifo esingadluliselwa kusuka ezilwaneni siye kubantu, kodwa okungakhulunywa ngaso kakhulu ezweni lakithi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Brucellosis .
Kuyini i-Brucellosis?
Kalula nje, i-brucellosis yisifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa uhlobo lwebhaktheriya elibizwa ngokuthi 'i-Brucella'. Okukhethekile ngalokhu ukuthi leli bhaktheriya lingadluliselwa lisuka ezilwaneni liye kubantu.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zaleli gciwane elithi 'Brucella'. Ezinye izinhlobo zitholakala ezinkomeni nasezinkomeni. Ezinye izinhlobo zingatholakala ezinjeni, ezingulubeni, ezimvini, ezimbuzini nasemakameleni. Into edabukisayo ukuthi, uma isilwane sithola lesi sifo, asikwazi ukwelashwa ngokuphelele.
Nakuba lesi sifo singanakwa kakhulu emazweni afana neSri Lanka, siyingozi enkulu empilweni kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba. Ngokusho kwe-World Health Organization, abantu abangaphezu kwengxenye yesigidi batheleleka ngalesi sifo minyaka yonke.
Lesi sifo sisakazeka kanjani kithi?
Lesi sifo sivame ukudluliselwa kubantu ngokuxhumana nesilwane esinegciwane le-Brucella noma umkhiqizo otholakala kuleso silwane.
Kunezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko amabhaktheriya angangena ngazo emzimbeni wakho:
- Ngokusikeka noma ukuklwebheka esikhumbeni: Uma igazi, ubisi, noma okunye ukukhishelwa yisilwane esinegciwane kuthinta isilonda esikhumbeni sakho.
- Ngokuphefumula umoya onegciwane: Lokhu akuvamile. Le ngozi ingaba khona ezindaweni ezifana namapulazi ezilwane kanye nezitolo zenyama.
- Ngokudla ukudla noma iziphuzo ezingcolisiwe: Lena yindlela evame kakhulu. Lesi sifo singadluliselwa ngokudla ubisi noma ushizi ongaphekiwe kanye nokudla inyama engaphekiwe kahle.
Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi lesi sifo sidluliselwe komunye umuntu. Isibonelo, kube nemibiko yokudluliselwa kusuka kumama onegciwane le-brucellosis kuya enganeni yakhe ngesikhathi sokuncelisa kanye nokuxhumana ngokocansi.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko zamagciwane e-Brucella abangela i-brucellosis kubantu. Ake sizibheke etafuleni.
| Uhlobo lwebhaktheriya | Isilwane esivame kakhulu | Incazelo |
|---|---|---|
| B. melitensis | Izimvu nezimbuzi | Lolu uhlobo oluvame ukubangela lesi sifo kubantu. Luvame emazweni afana neMpumalanga Ephakathi, iNdiya, kanye neLatin America. |
| B. suis | Izingulube zasendle | Ingabonakala ezingxenyeni zaseMelika, eYurophu naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. |
| B. i-canis | Izinja | Izinja zingadlulisela lesi sifo kubantu. Sizoxoxa ngalokhu kabanzi. |
| B. ukukhipha isisu | Izinkomo | Itholakala emhlabeni wonke, kodwa lolu hlobo selususiwe emazweni amaningi athuthukile. |
Ngingayithola yini le nja endlini yami lesi sifo?
Lena inkinga abantu abaningi abanayo. Yebo, izinja zingangenwa uhlobo lwebhaktheriya olubizwa ngokuthi 'i-B. canis'. Kube nezimo lapho abanikazi bezilwane ezifuywayo bethola lesi sifo ezinjeni ezinjalo, kodwa ngokuvamile kuba ukutheleleka okuncane .
Ezimweni eziningi, inja ethelelekile ngeke idlulisele lesi sifo kumnikazi wayo. Kodwa-ke, uma uthinta igazi, umchamo, noma okunye ukukhishwa kwenja ethelelekile, ingozi iba phezulu. Yingakho odokotela bezilwane besengozini enkulu.
Okubalulekile: Uma amasosha omzimba wakho ebuthakathaka (isibonelo, ngenxa yesimo sezokwelapha esifana nomdlavuza, i-HIV, noma imithi ethile), kuphephile ukugwema ukuthintana nezinja ezine-Brucella.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo?
Nakuba noma ubani engaba nalesi sifo, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu, ikakhulukazi labo abasebenza nezilwane.
- Abantu abadla ubisi olungaphekiwe kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi (isib. ushizi, iyogathi). Le ngozi ikhona ngenxa yobisi olungafudunyezwanga kahle, olubizwa ngokuthi "ubisi lwasemakhaya" ezweni lakithi.
- Abantu abasebenza emapulazini, ezitolo zezinyama, noma ezindaweni zokuxhela .
- Odokotela bezilwane kanye nalabo abasebenza emkhakheni wezempilo yezilwane.
- Abazingeli , ikakhulukazi labo abazingela izilwane ezifana nezingulube zasendle.
- Abantu abaya kwamanye amazwe lapho i-brucellosis ivame khona.
Ziyini izimpawu zalesi sifo?
Izimpawu ze-brucellosis zivame ukufana nezomkhuhlane ovamile noma umkhuhlane , ngakho kungaba nzima ukuzibona. Izimpawu zivame ukuqala ukuvela phakathi kwezinsuku ezi-5 nezingama-30 ngemva kokuchayeka kubhaktheriya.
Izimpawu ezivamile yilezi:
- Umkhuhlane: Lolu uphawu oluyinhloko noluvame kakhulu. Ungase uqaphele umkhuhlane okhuphukayo, ikakhulukazi kusihlwa .
- Ubuhlungu bomhlane kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba.
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu.
- Ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla kanye nokwehla kwesisindo.
- Ukujuluka ebusuku.
- Ubuthakathaka nokukhathala.
- Ubuhlungu besisu nokukhwehlela.
Ubukhali bezimpawu bungahluka kuye ngohlobo lwe-Brucella osuthelelekile ngalo. Isibonelo, i-B. abortus ibangela izimpawu ezincane, kanti i-B. melitensis ingabangela izimpawu ezisheshayo nezinzima ngisho nokukhubazeka.
Udokotela uhlonza kanjani lokhu?
Uma unezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, izinhlungu zomzimba, futhi ungumuntu oxhumana nezilwane, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Udokotela uzokuxilonga.
- Ingabe isibindi noma uboya buvuvukele?
- Ingabe ama-lymph node avuvukele?
- Ingabe unomkhuhlane ngaphandle kwesizathu?
- Ingabe amalunga akho avuvukile futhi abuhlungu?
Kodwa ukuze kutholakale lesi sifo ngokuqinisekile, kudingeka ukuhlolwa kwegazi . Ngale ndlela, kungenzeka ukwazi kahle ukuthi ngabe igciwane le-Brucella likhona yini emzimbeni nokuthi liluhlobo luni.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-brucellosis?
I-Brucellosis yisifo esinzima ukwelapha, kodwa singelapheka. Uma kutholakala ukuthi unesifo, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza ama-antibiotic .
Ngokuvamile, inhlanganisela yama-antibiotic amabili, njenge-'doxycycline' kanye ne-'rifampin', ithathwa isikhathi eside, njengamasonto ayi-6-8 .
Khumbula lokhu kahle:Ukuze uvimbele lesi sifo ukuthi singaphinde sivele, kufanele uthathe umuthi wonke njengoba unikezwe udokotela wakho, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa usuku olulodwa. Kukhona ingozi engu-5-15% yokubuyela emuva ngemva kokwelashwa.
Kungathatha amasonto amaningana, ngezinye izikhathi izinyanga, ukululama ngokuphelele. Uma ukwelashwa kuqalwa kungakapheli inyanga kusukela izimpawu ziqale, amathuba okwelashwa okuphelele aphezulu.
Kwenzekani uma lesi sifo siba nzima?
Uma ingelashwa kahle, i-brucellosis ingaba yingozi kakhulu futhi ibangele izinkinga ezinkulu.
- Ukutheleleka kwesistimu yezinzwa ephakathi.
- Ukutheleleka kolwelwesi lwangaphakathi noma ama-valve enhliziyo (i-endocarditis).
- Ithumba lesibindi.
Kwabanye abantu, izimpawu zingase ziqhubeke isikhathi eside ngemva kokuba isifo sesiphelile. Isibonelo, ukukhathala okungapheli, umkhuhlane oqhubekayo, kanye nobuhlungu bamalunga.
Uma umama okhulelwe ethola i-brucellosis, ingabangela ukuphuphuma kwesisu noma ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa komntwana. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe kakhulu uma useduze nezilwane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Brucellosis ukutheleleka okubangelwa yibhaktheriya i-Brucella, edluliselwa kubantu isuka ezilwaneni .
- Ingozi enkulu iwukudla imikhiqizo engaphekwanga (engashiswanga kahle) njengobisi noshizi kanye nokuxhumana eduze nezilwane ezinegciwane.
- Izimpawu zifana nomkhuhlane ovamile. Izimpawu eziyinhloko umkhuhlane okhula kusihlwa, ubuhlungu bomzimba, nokujuluka .
- Uma usebenza nezilwane noma uke wadla ubisi olungaphekwanga futhi unezimpawu ezingenhla, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha .
- Ama-antibiotic kumele athathwe isikhathi eside ukuze alashwe, futhi kubalulekile ukuqeda yonke inkambo yemithi njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wakho .
- Kungcono ukuphepha. Sebenzisa imikhiqizo yobisi efakwe uphethiloli kuphela. Sebenzisa izindlela zokuzivikela ezifana namagilavu lapho usebenza nezilwane.
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