Umkhuhlane ongavamile odluliselwa yizilwane? Ake sixoxe nge-Brucellosis!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa ubuthakathaka ngaphandle kwesizathu? Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amalunga akho ayabuhlungu, uzizwa ushisa, uyajuluka, kodwa kuyaphela ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa bese kubuya? Uma lezi zimpawu ziqhubeka, kungaba yisifo esingakhulumi kakhulu ngaso, kodwa kufanelekile ukwazi ngaso. Esinye sezifo ezinjalo yi-Brucellosis.

Kuyini i-Brucellosis?

Kalula nje, i-brucellosis yisifo esibangelwa uhlobo lwebhaktheriya elibizwa ngokuthi i-Brucella . Izimpawu zifaka phakathi umkhuhlane, ubuhlungu bamalunga, nokujuluka. Kodwa-ke, lezi zimpawu azifiki futhi ziphele ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ziyafika futhi zidlule ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

I-Brucellosis yisifo esibangelwa yizilwane, okusho ukuthi sivela ezilwaneni . Saziwa nangamanye amagama, njenge-'undulant fever', 'Malta fever', kanye 'neMediterranean fever'.

Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthola i-brucellosis?

Lesi sifo esibizwa ngokuthi i-brucellosis sitholakala emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele. Usengozini enkulu yokuthola leli gciwane le-'Brucella' uma:

• Umuntu osebenza nezilwane , njengodokotela wezilwane.
• Uma usebenza epulazini lobisi noma epulazini lobisi.
• Uma usebenza esitolo senyama, esilaheni, noma othile ophatha inyama eluhlaza.
• Uma ungumzingeli noma ulungisa inyama yezilwane ezizingelwayo.
• Uma usebenza elabhorethri ehlola amagciwane e-'Brucella'.
• Uma udla inyama engaphekiwe kahle noma usebenzisa imikhiqizo yobisi engaphekiwe (isib. ubisi, ushizi, iyogathi).

Kuvamile kangakanani lokhu?

Uma ubheka emhlabeni wonke, kubikwa amacala angaba ngu-500,000 e-brucellosis minyaka yonke. Kodwa-ke, emazweni afana neMelika, lokhu kuncane kancane, amacala angaba ngu-100-200 kuphela abikwa minyaka yonke. Nakuba kungekho zibalo eziqondile zokuthi kwenzeka kanjani ezweni lethu, le ngozi ingaba khona kulabo abasebenzelana nezilwane.

Yini eyenziwa yi-brucellosis kubantu?

Cabanga ngakho, leli gciwane elibizwa ngokuthi 'iBrucella' liyiqili kakhulu. Lingena emzimbeni wakho ngomlomo , ekhaleni, emehlweni, noma ngisho nasenxebeni elincane esikhumbeni sakho . Bese liya kuma-lymph node akho noma kwezinye izicubu bese liqala ukwanda kancane kancane. Ukusuka lapho, leli gciwane lingasakazeka cishe kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba wakho. Lingaya ngisho nasezindaweni ezifana nenhliziyo yakho, isibindi, ubuchopho, namathambo , lapho lingavuvukala khona futhi liqale ukulimala.

Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu?

Kungathatha amasonto amabili kuya kwamane, noma ngisho nangaphezulu, ukuthi izimpawu zivele ngemva kokuba usuvezwe yibhaktheriya iBrucella.Lezi zimpawu zingafika zidlule izinyanga, ngisho neminyaka. Nakhu ukuthi ziyini:

• Ukuba nomkhuhlane.
• Ukujuluka (ngezinye izikhathi kunganuka njengesikhunta).
• Ubuhlungu bamalunga, ikakhulukazi ezinqeni zakho, emadolweni, noma emhlane ongezansi.
• Ukwehlisa isisindo okungachazeki.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu .
• Ubuhlungu besisu.
• Ukuzizwa sengathi uphelelwe yisifiso sokudla noma isisu esibuhlungu.
• Izimo zengqondo ezifana nokucindezeleka.
• Ama-lymph node ayakhula futhi abe buhlungu.
• Umuzwa ojwayelekile wokungakhululeki kanye nokugula.

Iyini imbangela yalokhu?

I-Brucellosis ibangelwa izinhlobo eziningana zamagciwane e-'Brucella'. Eziyinhloko yi-'B. abortus', i-'B. canis', i-'B. melitensis' (uhlobo oluthinta kakhulu abantu) kanye ne-'B. suis'. Izilwane zithwala leli gciwane le-'Brucella'. Lokho kusho ukuthi lezi zilwane ziyizithwali zaleli gciwane. Ake sibone ukuthi zingobani lezo zilwane:

• Izinkomo
• Izimbuzi
• Izingulube
• Inyamazane
• I-Moose, i-Elk - Nakuba lezi zilwane zingekho eSri Lanka, zitholakala kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba.
• Izimvu
• Izinja - Yebo, izinja zingadlulisela lesi sifo, ikakhulukazi uhlobo lwe-`B. canis`.
• Amakamela

I-brucellosis idluliselwa kanjani?

I-Brucellosis isakazeka ngokuxhumana nezilwane ezithelelekile noma ngemikhiqizo yobisi engaphekwanga ngamagciwane . Kunezindlela eziningana ongasithola ngazo lesi sifo:

• Ngokuphuza ubisi olungaphekiwe (oluluhlaza) noma ngokudla imikhiqizo yobisi engaphekiwe njengoshizi kanye ne-ayisikhilimu. Ubisi oluvela ezilwaneni ezinegciwane lungaqukatha leli gciwane. Kodwa-ke, amabhaktheriya abhujiswa yinqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-pasteurization. Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe isilwane sine-brucellosis, kuphephile ukuphuza ubisi lwembuzi, lwenkomo, lwemvu, noma lwekamela oluphekiwe.
• Ngokuthinta izicubu noma uketshezi lomzimba wesilwane esinalesi sifo. Ibhaktheriya ye-Brucella ingangena emzimbeni wakho ngokuklwebheka okuncane noma ukusikeka esikhumbeni sakho, noma ngamehlo akho, ekhaleni, noma emlonyeni.
• Ngokuphefumula igciwane le-Brucella. Ungaphefumula izinhlayiya ze-Brucella ezikhishwe emoyeni zivela ezicutshini eziveziwe noma egazini lesilwane esithelelekile. Le ngozi iphakeme uma usebenza ne-Brucella elabhorethri, ulungisa inyama yezilwane zasendle, usebenza epulazini, esilaheni, noma esitshalweni sokupakisha inyama.
• Ngokudla inyama engaphekiwe kahle.

Ukudluliselwa kwe-brucellosis kusuka kumuntu kuya kumuntu akuvamile kakhulu, kodwa kube nezimo eziningana ezibikiwe:

• Kusukela kumama okhulelwe kuya enganeni esibelethweni.
• Ngokuncelisa.
• Kusukela ocansini (kodwa lokhu akuvamile kakhulu).

Ingabe lesi yisifo esithathelwana ngocansi (STI)?

Cha, i-brucellosis ayibhekwa njengesifo esithathelwana ngocansi (STI). Kube nezigameko ezimbalwa kakhulu ezibikiwe zokusabalala kwe-brucellosis ngokuxhumana ngokocansi.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani lokhu?

Udokotela uxilonga i-brucellosis ngokubuza ngezimpawu zakho bese ehlola igazi lakho, izicubu, noma amanye amasampula ukuthola izimpawu zebhaktheriya i-Brucella. Ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu ze-brucellosis zifana nezezinye izifo, udokotela wakho angase enze nokuhlolwa ukuze akhiphe ezinye izifo.

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuqinisekisa ukutheleleka kwe-Brucella ukutshala amagciwane kusuka oketshezini lomzimba noma ezicutshini. Kodwa-ke, i-Brucella iyigciwane elikhula kancane, ngakho-ke kungathatha amasonto ambalwa ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwakho. Kungadingeka ukuthi uhlolwe igazi izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa emavikini ambalwa ukuze uhlole izimpawu ze-Brucella.

Hlobo luni lokuhlolwa okwenziwayo?

Udokotela wakho angenza izivivinyo ezilandelayo ukuthola ukuthi une-brucellosis:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Udokotela uzothatha isampula yegazi emthanjeni osengalweni yakho esebenzisa inaliti. Ilebhu izohlola izimpawu zamagciwane e-Brucella (ama-antibodies, ama-antigen, noma i-DNA) kulesi sampula segazi, noma lingase likhule ngokuhamba kwesikhathi (isiko).
• Ukuhlola ezinye izinto eziwuketshezi emzimbeni: Amasampula oketshezi oluvela oketshezini lomgogodla wakho, uketshezi lwamalunga, noma ezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho angase athathwe ukuze kubhekwe futhi kukhuliswe i-Brucella.
• I-biopsy yezicubu: Isampula yomnkantsha wakho wethambo noma ezinye izicubu zingathathwa ukuze kubhekwe izimpawu ze-Brucella bese zikhula.
• Ukuthwebula Izithombe: Kuye ngezingxenye zomzimba wakho ezithintekile, udokotela wakho angase acele ukuhlolwa okufana ne-X-ray, i-CT scans, i-MRIs, i-bone scans, i-ultrasounds, noma i-echocardiograms. Lokhu kuthatha izithombe zangaphakathi lomzimba wakho ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kukhona yini ushintsho emathanjeni noma ezithweni zakho zomzimba.

Kuphathwa kanjani lokhu?

Udokotela wakho uzokwelapha i-brucellosis ngenhlanganisela okungenani izinhlobo ezimbili zama-antibiotic . Kuzodingeka uthathe le mithi okungenani amasonto ayisithupha kuya kwayisishiyagalombili. Kuye ngesimo sakho, kungase kudingeke nezinye izindlela zokwelapha (isibonelo, ukukhipha ubomvu ezindaweni ezithelelekile noma ukuphatha izinkinga) nazo zingadingeka.

Yimiphi imithi esetshenziswayo ye-brucellosis?

Ama-antibiotic anikezwa odokotela ukwelapha i-brucellosis yile:

• `(Streptomycin)` noma `(Gentamicin)`
• `(I-Rifampin)`
• `( I-Doxycycline ( I-Doxycycline) ) `
• `(I-Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole - TMP/SMX)`
• `(Ciprofloxacin)`

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuphuza le mithi njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalele, ngesilinganiso esifanele, isikhathi sonke sokwelashwa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, lesi sifo singase sibuye.

Ungazilawula kanjani izimpawu?

Ngenkathi uthatha ama-antibiotic anqunyiwe ukuze ubulale amagciwane, ungakwazi futhi ukuphatha ezinye zezimpawu ze-brucellosis, njengobuhlungu bamalunga kanye nomkhuhlane, ekhaya. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi kukhona yini imithi ethengiswa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela (OTC) noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ongazisebenzisa ngezimpawu zakho nokuthi ziphephile yini kuwe.

Lokhu kungavinjelwa kanjani?

Unganciphisa ingozi yakho yokuthola i-brucellosis ngokulandela imikhuba yokuphepha kokudla nokugqoka izingubo zokuzivikela lapho usebenza nezilwane. Isibonelo:

• Ungaphuzi ubisi olungaphekwanga ngobisi olufakwe ku-pasteur, futhi ungadli ukudla okwenziwe ngobisi olungaphekwanga ngobisi olufakwe ku-pasteur.
• Gqoka izimpahla zokuphepha ezifanele uma usebenza nezilwane nezicubu zezilwane. Lokhu kungafaka amagilavu, i-apron, noma izibuko zokuphepha. Abantu abasebenza ezitolo zezinyama, odokotela bezilwane, abazingeli, abalimi, abasebenzi basezindaweni zokuhlatshwa, kanye nabasebenzi belebhu yezokwelapha kufanele baqaphele kakhulu.
• Pheka inyama emazingeni okushisa aphephile. Futhi, geza njalo izandla zakho, izitsha, kanye namabhodi okusika kahle ngemva kokulungisa ukudla. Inyama yezilwane ingaba nebhaktheriya i-Brucella.

Khumbula, ngisho nasezweni lakithi, abanye abantu ezindaweni zasemakhaya baphuza ubisi abaluthulule emakhaya ngaphandle kokulufudumeza. Lokho akuyona into enhle nhlobo. Kuphephile ukusebenzisa ubisi olufudunyezwe kahle noma olufakwe uphethiloli.

Kwenzekani uma uthola i-brucellosis? (Isibikezelo)

Iningi labantu abane-brucellosis liyalulama ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa ngama-antibiotic. Kodwa kungathatha isikhathi. Kungase kudingeke ukuthi uphuze ama-antibiotic amasonto, noma ngisho nezinyanga, ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi wonke amabhaktheriya emzimbeni wakho aphelile.

Ngezinye izikhathi, i-brucellosis ingabuya ngemva kokuphela kokwelashwa. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma ungawasebenzisi ama-antibiotic njengoba uyalelwe. Ezinye izimpawu, njenge-arthritis, zingase ziqhubeke ngemva kokuphela kokwelashwa. Uma i-brucellosis ibangela izinkinga, ungadinga imithi eyengeziwe noma ukwelashwa.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa yalokhu?

I-Brucellosis inamathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa izinkinga uma ingelashwa isikhathi eside. Lezi zinkinga zifaka:

• Isifo samathambo esiqhubekayo.
• Isibindi esikhulu (i-Hepatomegaly) noma i-spleen ekhulisiwe (i-Splenomegaly).
• Isimo esibizwa ngokuthi `(Chronic Hepatosplenic Suppurative Brucellosis - CHSB) . Yilapho kuvela khona amathumba (izikhala zobomvu) ebhedeni lakho nasesibeni. Lokhu kungenzeka eminyakeni eminingi ngemva kokutheleleka kwe-`Brucella`.
• Ukutheleleka kanye nokuvuvukala kwenhliziyo yakho `(Endocarditis)` , ukutheleleka kobuchopho noma izembozo zobuchopho `(Encephalitis noma Meningitis)` , ukutheleleka komgogodla `(Spondylitis)` , ukutheleleka kwamathambo `(Osteomyelitis)` noma ukutheleleka komhlane ongezansi `(Sacroiliitis)` .
• I-epididymo-orchitis ukuvuvukala kwama-testicles kanye nama-vas deferens emadodeni.
• Ukuphuphuma kwesisu.

Ingabe i-Brucella kubantu ingelapheka?

Yebo, ukutheleleka kwe-Brucella kubantu kungelapheka ngama-antibiotic. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinkinga zingabangela umonakalo wesikhathi eside.

Ingabe i-brucellosis ingabangela ukufa?

Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi umuntu afe ngenxa ye-brucellosis. Izinga lokufa ngenxa ye-brucellosis liphakathi kuka-1% no-2% kuphela wazo zonke izimo.

Ngingazinakekela kanjani njengomuntu one-brucellosis?

Uma udokotela wakho ekutshela ukuthi une-brucellosis, noma ngabe uzizwa uphilile, thatha yonke imithi njengoba uyalelwe futhi isikhathi sonke. Uma uyeka ukuthatha ama-antibiotic ngokushesha, i-brucellosis ingabuya. Uma uba nezimpawu ezintsha noma uma izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi kakhulu, tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma unezimpawu ze-brucellosis, ikakhulukazi uma umsebenzi wakho noma izinto ozithandayo kukubeka engozini yokuthola lesi sifo, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela.

Kufanele uye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Uma unalezi zimpawu ezinkulu, hamba uye ekamelweni eliphuthumayo ngokushesha:

• Umkhuhlane ophakeme kakhulu (ngaphezu kwama-Fahrenheit angu-103 / 39.4 Celsius).
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu esiswini.
• Ukudideka noma ezinye izinguquko zengqondo.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela?

Uma uya kudokotela, kuwumqondo omuhle ukubuza le mibuzo:

• Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukwelashwa?
• Ngingawuthatha kanjani umuthi?
• Ngingazilawula kanjani izimpawu zami ekhaya?
• Kufanele ngilandele nini nawe ngokulandelayo?
• Yiziphi izimpawu okufanele ngiye ku-ER ukuze ngizibone?

Umyalezo Wokugcina Wokuya Nasekhaya

I-Brucellosis ukutheleleka ngamagciwane okungaqala kancane kakhulu, kuhlale isikhathi eside, futhi akuvamile kakhulu. Izimpawu zayo zifana nezinye izifo eziningi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukubona udokotela ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okunembile nokwelashwa. I-Brucellosis ngokuvamile ayibi yingozi kakhulu. Kodwa ingathinta amathambo akho nezitho zangaphakathi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukunaka kakhulu izimpawu zakho. Uma uthola izimpawu ezintsha noma uma ukhathazekile ngento osunayo kakade, ungangabazi ukuxhumana nodokotela wakho.

I- Brucellosis, izifo zezilwane, izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, umkhuhlane, ubuhlungu bamalunga, ubisi olungafakwanga amagciwane