Ukusha kuyinto engase yenzeke kithi ngaso sonke isikhathi ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke. Cabanga ngobuhlungu obuzwayo uma uthinta ibhodwe elishisayo ngenkathi upheka ekhishini, noma uma uthela amanzi ashisayo esandleni sakho ngenkathi wenza itiye ngokushesha. Ngezinye izikhathi, izingane ezincane zingazi zithinta i-ayina. Ukusha kungavela ezigamekweni ezincane ezifana nalezi kuya ezingozini ezinkulu. Kodwa abantu abaningi bayasaba lapho besha futhi benza izinto okungafanele bazenze. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalokhu kusha, usizo lokuqala okufanele lunikezwe bona, nokuthi kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela.
Kalula nje, kuyini lokhu kusha?
Ukusha kuwumonakalo esikhumbeni nasezicutshini ezingaphansi okubangelwa ukushisa okukhulu, ukubanda okukhulu, amakhemikhali athile, ugesi, ukukhanya kwelanga, noma ukuthintana okunamandla nesikhumba. Ubukhulu bokusha bunqunywa yizici ezimbili eziyinhloko. Esinye ukujula kokusha , okungukuthi zingaki izingqimba zesikhumba ezibhujiswayo. Esinye ubukhulu bokusha , okungukuthi umzimba ushisiwe kangakanani.
Ukusha kuyingozi evamile emhlabeni wonke. Isikhathi esiningi, kwenzeka ngenxa yokunganaki. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokusha ngokusekelwe endleleni ezenzeka ngayo?
Ngisho noma sikubiza ngokuthi ukusha, kunezindlela eziningana ezingase zivele ngazo. Ukwazi lokhu kuhlukaniswa kusiza futhi ekwelapheni.
| Uhlobo lokusha | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukushiswa ukushisa | Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu esilwaziyo sonke. Luvela lapho into eshisa kakhulu, njengomlilo, amanzi ashisayo, uwoyela oshisayo, izimbiza ezishisayo, noma umusi, ithinta isikhumba. Lungabangelwa futhi ukubanda kakhulu (njengeqhwa elomile). |
| Ukusha kukagesi | Ukusha okubangelwa ukushaqeka kukagesi. Lokhu kungabangelwa izinto ezifana nezinto zikagesi eziphukile noma izintambo zikagesi. Lokhu kungaba kubi kakhulu kunalokho okubonakala ngaphandle ngoba ugesi ungalimaza izicubu zangaphakathi njengoba udlula emzimbeni. |
| Ukusha kokungqubuzana | Kwenzeka lapho isikhumba sigudla indawo elukhuni, njengomgwaqo wetiyela noma ikhaphethi, ngokushesha. Lokhu yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi "ukuklwebheka." Ukushisa okubangelwa ukuthintana kuyashisa isikhumba. |
| Ukusha kwemisebe | Isibonelo esivame kakhulu ukushiswa yilanga. Kungaphinde kwenzeke ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngemisebe yomdlavuza. |
| Ukusha kwamakhemikhali | Ukuthintana kwesikhumba nama-asidi noma izisekelo ezinamandla kungabangela le ngozi. Lokhu kungabangelwa izinto ezifana nezinye izihlanzi zasekhaya ezinzima kanye ne-asidi yebhethri. |
Ziyini amazinga okujula kokusha?
Indlela eyinhloko yokukala ubukhulu bokusha ukukala ukuthi kungene kangakanani esikhumbeni. Esikhathini esidlule, besibiza lawa ngama-degree okuqala, ama-degree esibili, kanye nama-degree esithathu. Lawo magama asasetshenziswa nanamuhla. Manje ake sibheke ukuthi lawa abizwa kanjani ohlelweni olusha.
| Izinga lokusha (ukujula) | Indawo yesikhumba ethintekile | Incazelo encane |
|---|---|---|
| Ukusha okungabonakali (Njengezinga lokuqala) | Ungqimba olungaphezulu lwesikhumba (i-epidermis) kuphela olulimele. | Isikhumba siba bomvu, sivuvuke kancane, futhi sibe buhlungu. Yilokhu okwenzekayo uma ushiswa yilanga. Ngokuvamile siyaphola ngaphandle kokulimala ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Singelashwa ekhaya. |
| Ukusha okujiyile okuyingxenye (Njengezinga lesibili) | Kokubili ungqimba olungaphezulu lwesikhumba (i-epidermis) kanye nongqimba olungaphansi kwaso (i-dermis) lonakele. | Isikhumba siba bomvu bese kuvela amabhamuza . Kuba nobuhlungu obukhulu. Lokhu kungathatha amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu ukuphola. Kungase kushiywe nesibazi esincane. Kuwukuhlakanipha ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngenxa yokusha okunje. |
| Ukusha okujiyile (Njengezinga lesithathu) | Zonke izingqimba zesikhumba ziyabhujiswa, ngisho nezicubu ezinamafutha ezingaphansi kwazo zonakele. | Isikhumba sibonakala simhlophe, simpunga, noma simnyama ngemva kokusha. Singase sizwakale njengesikhumba. Okubaluleke kakhulu, lokhu kusha akubuhlungu . Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iziphetho zemizwa esikhumbeni ziyabhujiswa. Lesi yisimo esibi kakhulu futhi sidinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela ngokushesha . |
Khumbula, ubuhlungu obuncane obuvela ekushiseni akusho ukuthi abubuhlungu kangako. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukusha okujulile akubuhlungu nhlobo.
Ziyini izimpawu zokusha?
Izimpawu zingahluka kuye ngohlobo kanye nokujula kokusha. Izimpawu ezivamile zifaka:
- Ukuvuvukala nobuhlungu: Kuzwakala ubuhlungu obukhulu, ikakhulukazi ekushiseni okungaphezulu nokungaphelele.
- Ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba: Isikhumba singaba bomvu, mpunga noma simhlophe, noma sibe mnyama.
- Ukuvuvukala: Ukuvuvukala endaweni yokusha kuyinto evamile.
- Ukusha: Ukwakheka kwama-blister agcwele amanzi kuyisici esibalulekile sokusha okunobukhulu obungaphelele.
- Ukuxebuka kwesikhumba: Ingqimba ephezulu yesikhumba ingaxebuka endaweni yokusha.
Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa yokusha?
Nakuba ukusha okuncane kungase kungabi yinkinga enkulu, ukusha okujulile nokubanzi kungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu.
Izinkinga ezivamile
- Ukutheleleka: Ukusha kuwukuwohloka kwesithiyo sokuvikela isikhumba, okuvumela amagciwane ukuthi angene kalula futhi abangele ukutheleleka.
- Izibazi: Ukusha okujulile kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kushiye izibazi esikhumbeni ngemva kokuphola.
- Ukuvuvukala (i-Edema): Uketshezi lunganqwabelana endaweni yokusha futhi ngezinye izikhathi kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, okubangela ukuvuvukala.
Izinkinga ezingaba yingozi kakhulu
Ukusha okukhulu nokujulile kungaba yingozi empilweni.
- Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kanye nokushaqeka: Njengoba inani elikhulu loketshezi liphuma esikhumbeni esishile, umzimba ungaphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni bese ushaqeka.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula: Uma izindawo ezifana nobuso nentamo zishile noma uma intuthu ihogela, izindlela zokuphefumula zingavuvukala futhi zenze kube nzima ukuphefumula.
- I-Hypothermia: Uma isikhumba sonakele, izinga lokushisa lomzimba alikwazi ukulawulwa, futhi izinga lokushisa lomzimba lingehla kakhulu ngendlela eyingozi.
- I-Sepsis: Isimo esisongela ukuphila esibangelwa ukutheleleka okungalawuleki okusakazeka emzimbeni wonke.
- Ukulimala kwezitho zangaphakathi: Ukusha kungalimaza izitho ezifana nezinso, ezihlunga izinto eziyingozi eziqongelela egazini.
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Okufanele ukwenze nokungafanele ukwenze uma ushile!
Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yalesi sihloko. Ngokungathuki ngokushesha ngemva kokusha, nangokwenza into efanele, unganciphisa kakhulu umonakalo ongabangelwa.
| Izinto okufanele zenziwe (DOs) uma kwenzeka ukusha | |
|---|---|
| 1. Susa imbangela yokusha. | Uma kukhona umlilo, shiya indawo ngokushesha. Uma uchithe amanzi ashisayo ezingutsheni zakho, zisuse ngokucophelela. Uma ushonelwe ugesi, cisha iswishi enkulu. |
| 2. Faka amanzi endaweni eshile. | Cishe imizuzu eyi-10-20Bamba ukusha ngaphansi kwamanzi abandayo agobhozayo avela empompini. Ungalokothi usebenzise iqhwa noma amanzi abandayo kakhulu. Lokhu kuzonciphisa ubuhlungu futhi kuvimbele ukusha ukuthi kungene ngokujulile esikhumbeni. |
| 3. Gcina indawo yokusha ihlanzekile. | Ngemva kokufaka amanzi, mboza ngendwangu ehlanzekile noma ngebhandeji elinganamatheli. |
| 4. Funa iseluleko sezokwelapha. | Uma ukusha kukhulu kunosayizi wesandla sakho, kunamaqhubu, noma kubonakala kujulile, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela. |
| Ungawenzi la maphutha! (UNGAWENZI) | |
|---|---|
| 1. Ungalahli izinto ekhaya! | Ungafaki lutho endaweni yokusha, njengomuthi wokuxubha amazinyo, ibhotela, uwoyela kakhukhunathi, izingcezu zekhofi, iqhwa, usawoti, iqanda eliphuzi, noma insipho . Lokhu kungabangela ukutheleleka futhi kwenze ukusha kube kubi kakhulu. |
| 2. Ungabeki iqhwa! | Iqhwa lingavimba imithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi esikhumbeni, lilimaza kakhulu izicubu ezishile. Ngakho-ke sebenzisa amanzi abandayo kuphela. |
| 3. Ungaphuli amabhamuza! | Ama-blister ayindlela yemvelo yokuzivikela esikhumbeni esingaphansi. Uma ephukile, kunengozi enkulu yokuthi amagciwane angene futhi abangele ukutheleleka. |
| 4. Ungafaki uboya bekotini esitsheni. | Imicu yoboya bekotini inganamathela esilondeni, ngakho sebenzisa indwangu ehlanzekile noma into efana ne-gauze. |
Kufanele uye nini esibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha?
Akuzona zonke izisha ezingelashwa ekhaya. Ezimweni ezilandelayo, kufanele nakanjani uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze futhi ngokushesha.
- Ukusha Okukhulu: Ukusha okunobukhulu obuncane (okunamaqhubu) okukhulu kunosayizi wesandla sakho.
- Ukusha okujulile: Ukusha okujiyile (okungenabuhlungu, okumhlophe/okumnyama) kwanoma yiluphi usayizi.
- Izindawo ezizwelayo: Ukusha okubandakanya ubuso, amehlo, izindlebe, izandla, izinyawo, izindawo zangasese, noma ilunga elikhulu (ingqiniba, idolo).
- Ukushiswa ngogesi noma ngamakhemikhali: Lokhu kudinga ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ngoba kungase kube yingozi kakhulu ngaphakathi kunokuba kubonakale ngaphandle.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula: Uma uke waphefumula intuthu noma unenkinga yokuphefumula ngenxa yokusha entanyeni noma ebusweni.
- Izimpawu zokutheleleka: Uma ukusha kukhipha ubomvu, kunephunga elibi, isikhumba esizungezile sibomvu futhi sivuvukele, noma sinomkhuhlane.
- Izingane ezincane kanye nabantu asebekhulile: ngoba isikhumba sabo sibucayi kakhulu futhi ingozi yezinkinga iphakeme.
Yini esingayenza ukuze sivimbele ukusha?
Bathi, “Ukuvimbela kungcono kunokwelapha.” 90% wokusha kungavinjelwa.
- Qaphela ekhishini: Uma upheka, gcina amabhodwe namapani ephendulwe ngaphakathi. Qiniseka ukuthi izingane azikho eduze lapho ususa izinto ezishisayo esitofini.
- Qaphela ngamanzi ashisayo: Gcina izinga lokushisa le-heater yamanzi lingaphansi kwama-49 Celsius (120 Fahrenheit). Qiniseka ukuthi uhlola izinga lokushisa lamanzi ngaphambi kokugeza izingane ezincane.
- Qaphela izinto zikagesi: Khumula izinto zikagesi ezifana ne-ayina kanye nezinto zokulungisa izinwele uma zingasetshenziswa futhi uzigcine kude nezingane. Ungazisebenzisi izinto zikagesi ezinezintambo eziphukile.
- Fundisa izingane: Fundisa izingane ngezingozi zokudlala ngomlilo, umentshisi kanye nezibani zokukhanyisa.
- Zivikele elangeni: Uma uzoba selangeni, sebenzisa isithako sokuvikela ilanga okungenani esine-SPF 50.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ngemva kokusha ukuyigcina ngaphansi kwamanzi abandayo agobhozayo imizuzu eyi-10-20.
- Ungalokothi ufake umuthi wokuxubha amazinyo, ibhotela, iqhwa, uwoyela kakhukhunathi, noma ikhofi endaweni eshile nganoma yisiphi isizathu.
- Ungalokothi uqhumise amabhamuza agcwele uketshezi. Lokhu kwandisa ingozi yokutheleleka.
- Uma ukusha kukhulu kunesandla sakho, kujulile, noma kusendaweni ebucayi njengobuso, izandla, noma izinyawo, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela.
- Uma ushiswe ugesi noma ikhemikhali, noma uma ubonisa izimpawu zokutheleleka, hamba uye e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela ngokushesha.
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