Ingabe unesifo esibuhlungu esikhumbeni sakho? Kungaba yiCalciphylaxis!

Wake wezwa ngesifo esibizwa ngokuthi iCalciphylaxis? Igama lingase lizwakale lingavamile. Kodwa kuyisimo esingavamile kakhulu, esibuhlungu kakhulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi esisongela ukuphila. Okwenzekayo ukuthi ama-calcium deposits akheka ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi emincane emzimbeni wakho, ayivimbe. Uma lokho kwenzeka, kuyeka ukugeleza kwegazi futhi isikhumba sakho kanye nezicubu ezingaphansi kwaso ziqale ukufa. Kufana nesitshalo esibuna uma singatholi amanzi anele.

Kuyini iCalciphylaxis? Masiyiqonde kalula!

Kalula nje, i-Calciphylaxis yisimo lapho ama-calcium deposits eqoqana khona emithanjeni yegazi yakho, evimba ukugeleza kwegazi futhi ebangela ukuba isikhumba nezicubu ezingaphansi zife. Njengoba nje ipayipi lamanzi livaleka ngothuli futhi amanzi eyeka ukugeleza, ama-calcium deposits aqoqana emithanjeni yegazi emincane emizimbeni yethu.

Ngokuvamile, lawa ma-calcium deposits ayenzeka emithanjeni yegazi enikeza igazi esikhumbeni nasezicutshini ezingaphansi kwesikhumba. Kodwa-ke, akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi lawa ma-calcium deposits avele nasezithweni zomzimba, njengamehlo, amaphaphu, ubuchopho, imisipha, namathumbu.

Uma lesi simo sithinta isikhumba, kungaba buhlungu kakhulu . Indawo ethintekile ingavuleka futhi yakhe isilonda, esifana nesilonda sombhede. Njengoba isikhumba nezicubu ezizungeze isilonda ziyafa, umonakalo ungasakazeka. Izilonda ze-Calciphylaxis zithatha isikhathi eside ukuphola, futhi zingaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu.

Uma lesi silonda singenwa yigciwane, ukutheleleka kusakazeka emzimbeni wonke futhi amasosha ethu omzimba aqala ukusabela ngokweqile. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-sepsis . Lena inkinga eyingozi kakhulu futhi ebulalayo yeCalciphylaxis.

Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo zeCalciphylaxis?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-calciphylaxis, kuye ngokuthi ikhula kanjani.

1. I-Uremic calciphylaxis

Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu . Luvame ukwenzeka kubantu abasebenzisa i-dialysis ngenxa yesifo sezinso sesigaba sokugcina (ESKD). Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinso zabo azisebenzi kahle futhi kudingeka zixhunywe emshinini we-dialysis ukuze kususwe imfucuza egazini labo.

2. I-calciphylaxis engeyona i-uremic

Lolu hlobo aluvamile kakhulu . Lungenzeka kubantu abasesigabeni sokuqala sesifo sezinso, kubantu abasanda kulimala inso eyodwa noma zombili, noma (okungavamile kakhulu) kubantu abangenazo nhlobo izinkinga zezinso.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

I-Calciphylaxis yisimo esingavamile kakhulu.. Phakathi kwabantu abasebenzisa i-dialysis, lokhu kwenzeka kubantu abangaba ngu-35 kwabangu-10,000 (cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu ze-1%). Isibonelo, e-United States, kunabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-1.5 abasebenzisa i-dialysis, ngakho-ke amacala angaba ngu-2,000 e-calciphylaxis abikwe minyaka yonke. Lesi simo asivamile ngisho nakwamanye amazwe anezinga eliphansi lezifo zezinso.

Kodwa, ngokumangazayo, abesifazane basengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo . Abesifazane banamathuba aphindwe kabili okuba naso kunabesilisa.

Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu?

Izimpawu ze-calciphylaxis zifaka:

• Ubuhlungu obukhulu: Lesi simo ngokuvamile sibuhlungu kakhulu. Ubuhlungu bungaqala ngaphambi kokuba kube khona uphawu olubonakalayo lokulimala noma omunye umonakalo. Indawo ethintekile ingase izwele ekucindezelweni noma ekuthinteni, okwenza ubuhlungu bube bubi nakakhulu.
• Izinguquko zesikhumba (izigaba zokuqala): Lezi yizindawo zesikhumba eziba bomvu, onsomi, onsundu, noma zibe mnyama. Lezi zinguquko zivame ukubukeka njenge-mesh. Kungase kube nama-blisters, futhi isikhumba esithintekile singase sibe sikhulu futhi sibe njengesikhumba.
• Izilonda nezilonda (isigaba sokugcina): Izinguquko zesikhumba zivame ukuphenduka izilonda, zisakazeke ngendlela efana nenkanyezi. Lezi zilonda zivame ukuba nephunga elibi. Isikhumba esifile kanye nenyama kungase kube mnyama, kube uqweqwe, futhi kuqhekeke.
• Izinkinga zokubona, ukopha kwangaphakathi, kanye nokulimala kwemisipha: Akuvamile kakhulu, ukuqoqwa kwe-calcium kungenzeka hhayi ngaphansi kwesikhumba kuphela, kodwa nangaphakathi emzimbeni, okubangela ezinye izinkinga. Uma ukuqoqwa kwe-calcium kusemehlweni, umbono ungase uphazamiseke. Uma kusezithweni zangaphakathi, kungonakalisa ukopha futhi kulimaze imisipha.
• Ukufakwa kwe-calcium emithanjeni yegazi emikhulu kanye nenhliziyo: Inkinga evamile yesifo sezinso sesigaba sokugcina ukugcinwa kwe-calcium emithanjeni yegazi emikhulu kanye nama-valve enhliziyo. Ingozi yokuthi lokhu kwenzeke iyanda lapho kuvela i-calciphylaxis.

Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezilonda zeCalciphylaxis zenzeka:

Uma kwenzeka ukulimala, kuvame ukwenzeka ngenye yezindlela ezimbili:

• Ukusabalala Okuphakathi: Lezi zilonda zivame ukutholakala esiswini nasemathangeni. Zivame kakhulu kubantu abane-Body Mass Index (BMI) ephezulu kanye nakwabesifazane. Cishe ama-70% eziguli ezine-uremic calciphylaxis zinalezi zilonda zokusabalala okuphakathi. Ezimweni ezingezona eze-uremic, ukwenzeka kwazo kungaba ngu-50%. Ezimweni lapho kunezilonda eziningi eziphakathi, ingozi yokufa iphakeme.
• Ukusabalala kwezingxenye ezingaphandle: Lezi yizilonda ezenzeka ezingxenyeni zezandla nezinyawo, ikakhulukazi ezinyaweni. Uma izilonda ezingaphandle zinzima, udokotela kungadingeka anqume umunwe, uzwane, noma ingxenye yesitho ukuze avimbele umonakalo ukuthi ungasabalali futhi ubangele izinkinga ezisongela ukuphila.

Kungani kwenzeka i-calciphylaxis? Ziyini izimbangela?

Imbangela eqondile yeCalciphylaxis ayaziwa okwamanje , kodwa ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ibangelwa yizinto ezingaphezu kweyodwa. Lezi zinto ziyahlangana ukuze zibangele iCalciphylaxis.

Lezi zici zingafaka:

• I-hormone ye-parathyroid eningi kakhulu: Uma unezinkinga zezinso, izindlala zakho ze-parathyroid zizama ukugcina amazinga e-calcium egazini lakho ezinzile. Uma zenza lokhu, zikhiqiza i-hormone eningi edingwa ngumzimba wakho. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-hyperparathyroidism . Lokhu kungenzeka nalapho umzimba wakho ungatholi i-vitamin D noma i-calcium eyanele.
• Ukwehluleka kwezinso: Izinso ezingasebenzi kahle ziphazamisa ibhalansi yamakhemikhali elawula i-calcium ne-phosphorus emzimbeni.
• I-phosphorus eningi kakhulu: Imizimba yethu isebenzisa i-phosphorus ezinqubweni ezahlukene zamakhemikhali, kanti izinso zisiza ekulawuleni amazinga e-phosphorus.
• Izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza: Lokhu kuvame ukubonakala ezimweni ze-calciphylaxis, okungahlobene nesifo sezinso.
• Ukulimala: Lokhu kungabangelwa ukulimala, inqubo yezokwelapha njengokuhlinzwa, noma umugqa we-intravenous (IV).

Ubani osengozini enkulu yalokhu? (Izici Eziyingozi)

Kunezici eziningana eziyingozi kanye nezimo zezokwelapha ezingase zihlotshaniswe neCalciphylaxis. Lezi yizi:

• Izinkinga zezinso: Iningi labantu abathola i-calciphylaxis basesigabeni sokugcina sokwehluleka kwezinso, kanye nalabo abasebenzisa i-dialysis.
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile: Lesi simo sandisa ingozi yokuba ne-calciphylaxis.
• Isifo Sikashukela: Uma ujova i-insulin nsuku zonke, isikhumba endaweni yokujova singalimala.
• Izifo ezizenzakalelayo: Isibonelo, izifo ezifana ne-Lupus, i-Ulcerative Colitis, kanye ne-Rheumatoid Arthritis.
• Isifo sesibindi: I-hepatitis ebangelwa utshwala, isimo esibangelwa ukusebenzisa kabi utshwala, nayo ingaba yimbangela yengozi.
• I-Warfarin: Lo muthi onciphisa igazi uvimbela umzimba ekusebenziseni i-vitamin K. I-Vitamin K ibalulekile ekuqineni kwegazi. I-Vitamin K iphinde isebenze iphrotheni elawula ukufakwa kwe-calcium. Abantu abaningi abanesifo sezinso esigabeni sokugcina abanayo i-vitamin K eyanele. Lokhu kwenza ukufakwa kwe-calcium kube lula.
• Ama-Corticosteroids: Le mithi inikezwa ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala nokuvuvukala. Abantu abathola i-calciphylaxis bavame ukuthatha ama-corticosteroids muva nje.

Yiziphi izinkinga zeCalciphylaxis?

I-Calciphylaxis ingabangela izinkinga ezilandelayo:

• Ukungalali
• Ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla
• Ukucindezeleka
• Izilonda ezinzima
• Izifo
• Ukunqunywa kwesisu
• I-Sepsis

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani lokhu?

Udokotela angase asole i-calciphylaxis ngemva kokubukeza isimo sakho, izimpawu, kanye nokuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Lokhu kuhlolwa ngokomzimba kungafaka phakathi ukubheka isikhumba sakho noma izindawo ezingaphansi kwesikhumba sakho nokuzwa noma yiziphi izinguquko. Bazobuza nangomlando wakho wezokwelapha futhi bazame ukuxilonga i-calciphylaxis. Uma udokotela ekusola lokhu, bazo-oda ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ukuze bathole okwengeziwe.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo?

Udokotela angase a-ode lezi zivivinyo:

• I-biopsy yesikhumba:

Indlela ethembeke kakhulu yokuxilonga i-calciphylaxis ukuthatha isampula encane (ngokuvamile engaba ngamamilimitha angu-4 kuya kwangu-5 ukujula) yesikhumba kanye nezicubu ezingaphansi kwaso. Udokotela uvame ukuthatha isampula emaphethelweni esilonda noma isilonda sesikhumba. Lesi sampula sihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope, futhi izinto ezithile zisetshenziselwa ukubangela izinguquko zombala noma izinguquko zamakhemikhali ukusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.

Uma usuvele unesifo sezinso esigabeni sokugcina futhi unezilonda ezinzima ezinoqweqwe olumnyama, kungase kungadingeki ukuhlolwa kwe-biopsy.

• Ukuhlolwa kwelebhu:

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo kusiza ekuxilongeni izifo, ukuhlola ubukhali besifo, kanye nokunquma ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu. Ukuhlolwa odokotela abavame ukukusebenzisa yile:

• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwezinso: Lokhu kuhlolwa kuhlaziya umchamo ukuze kubonakale ukuthi izinso zakho zisebenza kahle kangakanani.
• Imingcele yamaminerali namathambo: Ukuhlaziywa kwe-calcium, i-phosphorus, i-parathyroid hormone, kanye ne-vitamin D kunganquma ubucayi besifo.
• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi: Uma ungakwazi ukuthatha imithi ehlungwa yizinso zakho, inketho elandelayo ukuthatha imithi ehlungwa yisibindi sakho. Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi kusiza odokotela ukuthi banqume ukuthi kuphephile yini ukukunikeza imithi encike esibindini.
• Izimpawu zesistimu yomzimba:Lokhu kuhlolwa kuhlola izimpawu zokuthi umzimba wakho ulwa nokutheleleka. Kungasiza futhi ekutholeni izifo ezihlasela amasosha omzimba.
• Izimpawu zokujiya kwegazi: Ukuhlaziya ukuthi amahlule egazi lakho (noma angajiyi) awusizo kangakanani, njengoba kungaveza ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi igazi liphume ngaphakathi noma ezinye izinkinga.

• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe:

Udokotela angase acele ukuhlolwa kwezithombe, njenge-X-ray noma ukuskena kokuqina kwamathambo, kodwa lokhu akuvamile. Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe cishe kwenziwa uma ezinye izivivinyo zinganikezi izimpendulo ezingasiza ekuxilongweni.

Kuphathwa kanjani lokhu? (Ukwelashwa)

Ngenxa yokuthi abacwaningi abakayiqondi ngokugcwele i-calciphylaxis, kunesiqondiso esilinganiselwe sokwelashwa okungcono kakhulu. Okwamanje, akukho ukwelashwa kwalesi simo, kodwa uma ukwelashwa kuphumelele, izimpawu zakho zingase ziphele.

Ngokuvamile, odokotela bagxila kulezi zinto:

Ukunakekelwa kwenxeba

Izinto eziyinhloko ukuvimbela ukutheleleka nokusiza inxeba ukuthi liphilise. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi izindlela zokwelapha eziningana ezithuthukisiwe, isibonelo:

• Ukwelashwa nge-hyperbaric oxygen: Lokhu kuhilela ukukufaka ekamelweni elingangeni moya eliqukethe i-oxygen engu-100% (esikhundleni sokuhlushwa kwe-oxygen okuvamile okungu-20%). Ingcindezi ekamelweni nayo iphakeme kancane kunokuvamile. Lena indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokukhuthaza ukuphulukiswa kwenxeba.
• Ukususwa kwezicubu ezifile noma ezifayo esilondeni. Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela ukutheleleka futhi kukhuthaze inxeba ukuba liphilise. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, lokhu kungadinga ukuhlinzwa.
• Ukufakelwa kwesikhumba nezicubu: Ezimweni lapho kulahleke khona izicubu eziningi, ukufakelwa okuthathwe kwenye indawo emzimbeni wakho kungasiza ekulungiseni nasekupholiseni inxeba.
• Ama-antibiotic: Le mithi isiza ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka ngamagciwane.

Ukulawula ubuhlungu

I-Calciphylaxis yisimo esibuhlungu kakhulu . Ingenza kube nzima ngawe ukuphumula nokuvumela umzimba wakho ululame. Odokotela bavame ukukunikeza imithi yokwelapha izinhlungu ye-opioid ye-Calciphylaxis.

I-sodium thiosulfate

Lo muthi unikezwa ngemithambo yegazi (IV). Ungasiza ekususeni ama-calcium deposits emithanjeni yegazi noma kwezinye izicubu.

Ukwelashwa kwezinkinga zamathambo namaminerali

Ukugcina amaminerali egazini lakho emazingeni afanele kanye nokulinganisela kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvimbela izinkinga nezinkinga. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nokugcina amazinga akho e-hormone ye-parathyroid ephansi kakhulu noma ephezulu kakhulu. Kwezinye izimo, kungadingeka ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kwezindlala zakho ze-parathyroid.

I-Dialysis

Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha esusa ukungcola egazini uma izinso zakho zingasebenzi kahle.

Ukuphathwa kokudla okunempilo

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvimbela ukungondleki kahle noma ukuntuleka kwezakhamzimba okungase kwenzeke ngezinkinga zezinso kanye nezimo ezihlobene nazo.

Ukuphathwa kwemithi

Kubalulekile ukubuyekeza yonke imithi oyithathayo ukuze ugweme imiphumela emibi kanye nezinkinga ezingaba khona. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma uthatha i-warfarin noma eminye imithi eyandisa ingozi ye-calciphylaxis.

Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?

Udokotela wakho angachaza kangcono izinkinga ezingaba khona kanye nemiphumela emibi. Ngenxa yokuthi i-calciphylaxis iyisimo esingaqondwa kahle, izinkinga kanye nemiphumela emibi kungaba yinto engalindelekile futhi ihluke kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu.

Eminye yemiphumela emibi kanye nezinkinga ezingase zenzeke yile:

• Ukutheleleka: Lokhu kubhekisela ezifweni ezingase zenzeke ezihambisana nezinqubo zezokwelapha, i-dialysis, noma ukuhlinzwa, hhayi izifo ezivela emanxebeni abangelwa yi-calciphylaxis.
• Imiphumela emibi ye-sodium thiosulfate: Lokhu kufaka phakathi isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, izinkinga zokulinganisela uketshezi, umfutho wegazi ophansi, kanye nezinkinga ze-asidi egazini. Odokotela kufanele baqaphele lezi zinkinga, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanesifo senhliziyo. Ezimweni eziningi, lezi zingalawulwa ngokushintsha umthamo walo muthi noma ngokwelapha imiphumela emibi.

Lokhu akunakuvinjelwa?

Ngenxa yokuthi abacwaningi abaqondi ngokugcwele izimbangela ze-calciphylaxis, kunzima ukuvimbela lesi simo. Kodwa-ke, odokotela bavame ukuncoma ukunciphisa izici eziyingozi, njengokugcina amazinga e-calcium ne-phosphate ejwayelekile.

Kwenzekani uma ngineCalciphylaxis? Liyini ikusasa?

Ngeshwa, ngenxa yokungaqondi kahle lesi sifo, umbono weCalciphylaxis ngokuvamile awulungile. Abantu abaningi abaneCalciphylaxis balahlekelwa ikhono lokuhamba futhi bachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi esihlalweni sabakhubazekile noma embhedeni.

Cishe ingxenye yabantu abane-calciphylaxis abaphili isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka. I-Sepsis iyimbangela ehamba phambili yokufa.

Kodwa-ke, kuye ngohlobo lwesifo, amathuba okusinda unyaka owodwa anganda noma anciphe. Nazi izimo namathuba:

• I-calciphylaxis engeyona i-uremic (ayihlotshaniswa nesifo sezinso sesigaba sokugcina):Abantu abathola i-calciphylaxis ngaphandle kwesifo sezinso sesigaba sokugcina banamathuba amancane okufa phakathi nonyaka. Ezimweni ze-non-uremic calciphylaxis, ingozi yokufa phakathi nonyaka iphakathi kuka-25% no-45%. Ezimweni ze-uremic calciphylaxis, ingozi yokufa iphakathi kuka-45% no-80%.
• Izilonda nezilonda: Ezigabeni zokugcina ze-calciphylaxis, izinguquko zesikhumba zikhula zibe izilonda nezilonda. Uma ukuxilongwa kuqhubeka, isimo siba sibi kakhulu. Cishe abantu abangu-20% abanezilonda noma izilonda baphila isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha.
• Ukususwa kwezicubu ezifile: Kunobufakazi bokuthi lolu hlobo lokunakekelwa kwezilonda luyandisa ukusinda. Izinga lokusinda konyaka owodwa kulabo abake basuswa lalingaphezu kancane kuka-61%, uma kuqhathaniswa cishe no-27% kulabo abangazange.

Sekuyisikhathi esingakanani lesi simo siqhubeka?

I-Calciphylaxis yisimo esingamahlalakhona, esihlala isikhathi eside esinganawo umuthi okwamanje . Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, lesi sifo singaphela ngemva kokwelashwa. Abacwaningi abazi ukuthi singagcinwa isikhathi esingakanani ekuphumuleni.

Ngizinakekela kanjani?

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho eduze ngangokunokwenzeka nge-calciphylaxis. Kufanele uqaphele kakhulu ngokunakekelwa kwamanxeba, ugcine noma yimaphi amanxeba noma izilonda zihlanzekile futhi zivikelekile ekuthelelekeni. Kufanele futhi ukhulume nodokotela wakho ngokudla okudlayo, imithi oyiphuzayo, kanye nanoma yiziphi izithasiselo ezintsha noma amakhambi asekhaya owacabangayo.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Khuluma nodokotela wakho kulezi zimo:

• Uma ucabanga noma wazi ukuthi usengozini yokuthola iCalciphylaxis, kulungile lokho.
• Uma usuvele wazi ukuthi unalesi sifo.
• Uma ubona noma yiziphi izindawo ezintsha ezibuhlungu.
• Uma ubona ushintsho embala wesikhumba sakho.
• Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko esikhumbeni sakho noma ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakho.

Udokotela wakho ungumthombo ongcono kakhulu wolwazi mayelana nezici zakho eziyingozi, ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu okufanele uziqaphele, nokuthi kufanele ufune nini iseluleko sezokwelapha. Bangakwazi ukubona i-calciphylaxis kusenesikhathi, okungasiza ekwelashweni kwakho.

Kufanele ngiye nini egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo?

Uma une-Calciphylaxis, udokotela wakho uzokuqondisa ukuthi kufanele ushayele nini ihhovisi labo mayelana nokunakekelwa kwenxeba noma ukuthi kufanele ufune nini usizo oluphuthumayo lwezokwelapha. Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uziqaphele izimpawu zokutheleleka noma izinkinga ezizungeze inxeba. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Ukuvuvukala noma ukubomvu okuzungeze inxeba kulungile.
• Uma uzwa ukushisa uma uthinta indawo ezungeze isilonda.
• Uma kukhona uketshezi oluvela esilondeni kanye/noma iphunga elibi.
• Uma kuvela uqweqwe olumnyama esilondeni.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela?

Eminye imibuzo ongase ucabangele ukuyibuza udokotela wakho yile:

• Uhlobo luni lweCalciphylaxis enginalo?
• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kimi?
• Ungangixhumanisa nezinsiza ezingangisiza ngesikhathi ngigula?
• Uyini umbono womuntu osesimweni sami?

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

I-Calciphylaxis ingaba nzima ukuyiqonda, njengoba kunocwaningo nolwazi olulinganiselwe ngayo. Ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho kungakusiza uyiqonde kangcono futhi wazi ukuthi yini ongayilindela. I-Calciphylaxis ingaba yisimo esiyinkimbinkimbi nesinzima ukwelapha, kodwa kunezindlela zokwelapha ezingasiza. Uma uzizwa ucindezelekile ngayo, ukukhuluma nomeluleki kungakusiza ukuthi ulawule imizwa yakho. Khumbula, awuwedwa, futhi kubalulekile ukuthola iseluleko sezokwelapha esifanele kanye nokusekelwa.

I- Calciphylaxis, isifo sezinso, isifo sesikhumba, imithambo yegazi, i-calcium, i-dialysis, amanxeba