Ukwesaba okukhulu kwabaningi bethu ukuba nesifo senhliziyo. Wake wazibuza ukuthi kungaba kuhle kangakanani ukuba nohlobo oluthile lwesixwayiso kusenesikhathi ngalesi simo, esivame ukuvela ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kwezimpawu? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngokuhlolwa okukhethekile okusinika ulwazi olubaluleke kakhulu mayelana nempilo yemithambo yegazi enhliziyweni yakho. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi iCalcium Score Test.
Kalula nje, kuyini lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-Calcium Score?
Empeleni lokhu ukuhlolwa kwe-CT scan okukhethekile (i-Computed Tomography Scan). Kubheka ama-calcium deposits emithanjeni yegazi eyinhloko enikeza igazi enhliziyweni yakho, imithambo yenhliziyo.
Manje ungase ucabange, "I-calcium ilungele amathambo, akunjalo? Kungani kungaba yinkinga uma isemithanjeni yenhliziyo?" Yebo, leyo ndaba iyiqiniso. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kwakheka kwe-calcium kwenzeka ngendlela ehlukile. Cabanga ngamapayipi amanzi endlini yethu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinto ezifana nokugqwala nokungcola kwakheka ngaphakathi kwalawo mapayipi, kunciphisa isikhala ngaphakathi kwamapayipi, akunjalo? Ngokufanayo, izinto ezifana ne-cholesterol namafutha kwakheka ngaphakathi kwemithambo yethu yenhliziyo, zakha ungqimba esilubiza ngokuthi 'i-plaque' . Kwezokwelapha, lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-Atherosclerosis noma i-Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) . Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le plaque iyaqina futhi i-calcium iqoqana kuyo.
Ngakho-ke, okwenziwa yilolu vivinyo lwe-Calcium Score ukuthola ukuthi zingaki lezo zindawo eziboshwe yi-calcium, eziqinile, nokuthi zingakanani. Ukwanda kwaleli zinga le-calcium kuyisibonakaliso esihle sokuthi ukwakheka kwe-plaque ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi yakho kuyanda, futhi imithambo yegazi iyancipha kancane kancane. Lokhu kungasinika umbono omuhle ngengozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo esikhathini esizayo.
Ubani ofuna ukwenza lolu vivinyo lwe-Calcium Score?
Lokhu akulona ukuhlolwa okunconywa wonke umuntu. Kuwusizo kakhulu kubantu abasengozini yesifo senhliziyo kodwa abangakabi nazo izimpawu (isib. ubuhlungu besifuba, ukuphelelwa umoya) . Abantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka -40 no-70 abanesinye noma ngaphezulu kwezici ezilandelayo eziyingozi bangakhuluma nodokotela wabo ngalolu vivinyo.
| Isici Sengozi | Okunye okwengeziwe ngalokhu |
|---|---|
| Umlando womndeni | Uma izihlobo zakho eziseduze, njengomama wakho, ubaba, noma izingane zakini, zibe nesifo senhliziyo zisencane (ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-55 ubudala kwabesilisa, ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-65 ubudala kwabesifazane). |
| Ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi | Uma ubhema njengamanje noma uke wabhema esikhathini esidlule. |
| Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha | Uma une-cholesterol ephezulu, isifo sikashukela, noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme. |
| Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile noma ukukhuluphala ngokweqile | Uma inkomba yakho yesisindo somzimba (i-BMI) ingaphezu kuka-25 (isisindo esingaphezulu) noma ingaphezu kuka-30 (isisindo esingaphezulu). |
| Indlela yokuphila yokungenzi lutho | Uma ungumuntu ongazivivinyi ngokwanele futhi ohlala phansi cishe usuku lonke. |
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abantu bangase babe nesimo sofuzo esibizwa ngokuthi i-familial hypercholesterolemia . Umuntu onjalo angacatshangelwa kulolu vivinyo ngisho noma engaphansi kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala.
Kodwa kukhona into eyodwa okufanele uyikhumbule. Lokhu kuhlolwa kubheka kuphela ama-plaque aqinile aseqiniswe yi-calcium. Akukwazi ukubona ama-plaque amasha, athambile angaqhekeka ngezinye izikhathi futhi abangele ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Ngakho-ke akulona ukuhlolwa okunembile okungu-100% kwengozi yakho. Kumane nje kuyithuluzi elingasiza udokotela wakho ukuthi anqume ukuthi udinga yini ukuqala ukuthatha imithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol njenge -statins .
Kufanele kwenziwe kangaki lokhu kuhlolwa?
Ngokuvamile, uma ubhala lokhu kuhlolwa okokuqala futhi umphumela 'ungu-Zero', kusho ukuthi ingozi okwamanje iphansi kakhulu. Uma ufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingozi isephansi, kungadingeka ukuthi uphinde ubhale okunye ukuhlolwa eminyakeni emi-3 kuya kwemi-5.Kungase kube nenzuzo ethile ekuhlolweni kabusha. Kodwa-ke, uma imiphumela yakho ibingajwayelekile (ngaphezu kwe-zero) okungenani kanye, akukho nzuzo enkulu ekuhlolweni kabusha. Kuleso simo, kufanele kugxilwe ekwelashweni nasekushintsheni indlela yokuphila.
Ubani okungafanele abhale lolu vivinyo?
Lokhu kuhlolwa akwenziwa kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, njengoba imisebe ekhishwa yi-CT scan ingaba yingozi enganeni esibelethweni.
Futhi, lokhu kuhlolwa akusebenzi kakhulu ezimweni ezilandelayo.
- Kumuntu ongenazo izici eziyingozi zesifo senhliziyo .
- Kumuntu owaziyo kakade ukuthi usengozini enkulu yesifo senhliziyo (laba bantu badinga ukwelashwa noma kunjalo).
- Kumuntu osevele etholakale ene-Coronary Artery Disease .
- Umuntu osevele enezimpawu zesifo senhliziyo (njengobuhlungu besifuba) .
- Noma ubani oke wathola ukwelashwa kwesifo semithambo yenhliziyo (isib. ukufakwa kwe-stent, ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass) .
Ezimweni ezinjengalezi, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi yiziphi ezinye izivivinyo ezifanele ukuxilonga noma ukuqapha isimo sakho.
Ulungiselela kanjani ukuhlolwa? Ubhala kanjani ukuhlolwa?
Lokhu ukuhlolwa okulula kakhulu, okungenabuhlungu. Ngakho-ke asikho isizathu sokwesaba. Yonke inqubo ithatha imizuzu eyi-10 kuya kweyi-15 kuphela.
Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa...
- Qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho nganoma yikuphi ukungezwani komzimba onakho, noma yimiphi imithi oyiphuzayo, nokuthi ukhulelwe noma ungase ukhulelwe.
- Gwema ukudla, iziphuzo, ukudla okune-caffeine njengekhofi, kanye nemikhiqizo kagwayi amahora amane ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.
- Kuzodingeka ukhumule noma yiziphi izinto zensimbi ozigqokile, njengezindandatho, imigexo, nezibuko.
- Uzonikezwa ingubo yasesibhedlela ozoyigqoka.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa...
- Uzolaliswa embhedeni okhethekile bese uthuthwa ngomshini wokuskena ofana nedonathi enkulu.
- Uchwepheshe uzohlanza (futhi mhlawumbe aphuce) izindawo ezintathu zesifuba sakho bese enamathisela ama- electrode amancane, anamatheli.
- Lawa ma-electrode axhunywe emshinini we-EKG (Electrocardiogram) , oqopha umsebenzi wenhliziyo yakho ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Lokhu kuvumela ukuskena ukuthi kuthathe izithombe zesigqi senhliziyo yakho.
- Umuntu osebenzisa umshini ukubheka ngengilazi ekamelweni elihlukile. Ungakhuluma nawo uzwe ukuthi uthini.
- Ngesikhathi sokuskena, uzocelwa ukuba ubambe umoya wakho imizuzwana eyi-10 kuya kwengama-20 . Lokhu kwenzelwa ukusiza ukuthola izithombe ezicacile.
- Bese kuthi uhlelo lwekhompyutha luhlaziye lezi zithombe ukuze lunqume ukuthi kukhona yini i-calcium deposits emithanjeni yenhliziyo.
Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlolwa? Ingabe zikhona izingozi?
Uma isivivinyo sesiphelile, ungaqhubeka nemisebenzi yakho evamile. Akukho mkhawulo ekudleni noma ekuphuzeni.
Uma sikhuluma ngezingozi, njengoba kungekho dayi yokuhlukanisa efakwa emzimbeni kulolu vivinyo, azikho imiphumela emibi ehambisanayo.
Lokhu ukuskena kwe-CT, ngakho-ke ubhekene nenani elincane kakhulu lemisebe. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, inani lemisebe oyitholayo licishe lifane nenani elijwayelekile lemisebe umzimba wakho obhekene nayo endaweni ezungezile ngonyaka. Ngakho-ke ingozi yomdlavuza iphansi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kumuntu ongaphansi kweminyaka engama-40 ovame ukuskena kwe-CT, ingozi ingaba phezulu kancane. Yingakho lokhu kwenziwa kuphela kulabo abayidingayo.
Ungayiqonda kanjani imiphumela?
Imiphumela ivame ukutholakala phakathi nosuku olulodwa kuya kwezimbili. Udokotela we-X-ray uzobuyekeza ama-scan, alungiselele umbiko, bese ewuthumela kudokotela wakho.
Ukuhlolwa 'okuqinisekile' kusho ukuthi i-calcium ifakwa emithanjeni yakho yenhliziyo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi unesifo semithambo yenhliziyo (CAD). Uzonikezwa futhi amaphuzu asekelwe enanini le-calcium elitholakele. Leli maphuzu lingasukela ku-zero liye ngaphezu kwe-1000.
| Inani le-Calcium Score | Kusho ukuthini lokho? |
|---|---|
| 0 (oziro) | Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuskena 'okungekuhle'. Azikho izinsalela ze-calcium. Ingozi yokuba nesifo senhliziyo eminyakeni emi-2-5 ezayo iphansi kakhulu. |
| 1 - 100 | Abukho ubufakazi obuncane bokuthi isifo semithambo yenhliziyo (CAD) sikhona. Ingozi iphansi, kodwa izinguquko zendlela yokuphila zibalulekile. |
| 101 - 400 | Kunobufakazi obulinganiselwe besifo semithambo yenhliziyo (CAD). Ingozi yokuba nesifo senhliziyo esikhathini esizayo iphakathi nendawo. Udokotela uvame ukuncoma ukuqala ukwelashwa. |
| Ngaphezu kuka-400 | Kunobufakazi obuqinile besifo semithambo yegazi (CAD). Kungase kube nokunqwabelana okukhulu kwe-plaque emithanjeni yegazi. Ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo iphezulu. Kungadingeka ukwelashwa okusheshayo nokuhlolwa okwengeziwe. |
Khumbula, lesi sibalo sodwa akusona sodwa isinqumo osenzayo. Udokotela wakho uzocabangela lo mphumela kanye nakho konke okunye, njengomlando womndeni wakho, indlela yokuphila, amazinga e-cholesterol, kanye nomfutho wegazi, ukuze athole isithombe esiphelele sengozi yakho.
Uma imiphumela ingajwayelekile, yini oyenzayo ngokulandelayo?
Uma amaphuzu akho engaphezu kuka-zero, kusho ukuthi usengozini. Ngaleso sikhathi, udokotela wakho angakudlulisela kudokotela wenhliziyo. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni kanye nezinye izici eziyingozi, bangase batuse okulandelayo:
- Ukuqala imithi elawula i-cholesterol efana nama-statin .
- Ukuzivocavoca umzimba nsuku zonke.
- Ukwenza izinguquko ekudleni (ukunciphisa uwoyela, ushukela, usawoti, ukudla izithelo nemifino eminingi).
- Ukudluliselwa ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokuhlolwa uma kudingeka.
- Vakashela udokotela njalo futhi uqaphe isimo .
Ingabe lokhu kuhlolwa kubonisa ngokunembile ukuthi umthambo uvalekile?
Cha, akunjalo ngempela. Lokhu kuhlola kukhombisa kuphela ukuthi i-calcium ifakiwe yini nokuthi i-plaque yakheke ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi. Lokhu kunikeza inkomba yokuthi inqubo yokuncipha kwemithambo yegazi isiqalile yini.
Kodwa-ke, ayikwazi ukunquma ukuthi umthambo uvalekile kangakanani noma ukuthi igazi ligeleza kahle kangakanani kuwo. Kunezinye izivivinyo ezikhethekile zalokho, njenge-angiogram. I-Calcium Score Test iyisivivinyo esisheshayo nesingenabuhlungu esingasetshenziswa ukuhlola ingozi yesikhathi esizayo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Calcium Score Test iyi-CT scan ekhethekile ehlola ukufakwa kwe-calcium emithanjeni yegazi yenhliziyo yakho.
- Lokhu kuwusizo kakhulu ekuhloleni ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo esikhathini esizayo kubantu abasengozini yesifo senhliziyo kodwa abangakabi nazo izimpawu.
- Uma amaphuzu akho engu-zero (0), lezo yizindaba ezinhle kakhulu. Kusho ukuthi ingozi okwamanje iphansi kakhulu.
- Njengoba amaphuzu enyuka, ingozi yesifo senhliziyo iyanda, okudinga ukwelashwa kanye nokushintsha indlela yokuphila.
- Imiphumela yalolu vivinyo iyingxenye nje yendaba. Izinqumo zokugcina zenziwa udokotela wakho ngemva kokucabangela lonke ulwazi lwakho lwezempilo.
- Uma unemibuzo mayelana nalolu vivinyo noma imiphumela yalo, ungangabazi ukubuza udokotela wakho.
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