Sihlala sikhuluma ngezifo ezifana ne-dengue kanye ne-malaria, akunjalo? Kodwa kunezinye izifo esingazizwa kakhulu ngazo, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ngazo. Esinye sezifo ezinjalo yisifo se-Chagas. Nakuba lokhu kungavamile kakhulu ezweni lethu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela, ikakhulukazi uma uhamba uye emazweni aseNingizimu Melika. Lesi sifo sibangelwa yi-parasite encane kakhulu. Ngokwezokwelapha, igama lalesi silwanyana yi-`Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi)`.
Lesi sifo singena kanjani emzimbeni?
Into yokuqala okufanele uyiqonde ukuthi lesi akusona isifo esingasakazeka kalula sisuka komunye umuntu siye komunye njengomkhuhlane. Sinendlela ethile yokusakazeka.
Lesi sifo sisakazwa yisinambuzane esikhethekile. Sibizwa ngokuthi "izimbungulu eziqabulayo". NgesiSinhala, singabizwa nangokuthi "izimbungulu eziqabulayo". Akulona yini igama elingavamile lelo? Bathola lelo gama ngoba bathanda ukumunca igazi esikhumbeni esithambile esizungeze amehlo nemilomo yabantu ngenkathi belele. Njengoba ukulunywa yilesi sinambuzane kungeyona into ebuhlungu kakhulu, umuntu olele angase angakuboni ngisho nokukubona.
Kodwa into emangalisayo ukuthi, lesi sifo asisabalaliswa ukulunywa yisinambuzane. Sisabalaliswa yindle yesinambuzane! Cabanga ukuthi lesi sinambuzane sesike samunca igazi lesilwane noma lomuntu onalesi sifo. Bese kuthi isinambuzane i-'T. cruzi' singene emzimbeni wesinambuzane. Bese kuthi lapho lesi sinambuzane simunca igazi komunye umuntu, siphume siyondle emzimbeni walowo muntu. Isinambuzane esikuleyo ndle singene emzimbeni ngenxeba esililumile, noma ngamehlo ethu, ekhaleni, noma emlonyeni.
Kalula nje, ukulunywa yizinambuzane, kuyaphuma endlini yangasese eduze, bese lesi sifo siqala lapho leyo ndle ingena emizimbeni yethu singazi.
Ngaphandle kwalesi sinambuzane, lesi sifo singadluliselwa ngezindlela eziningana:
- Ukumpontshelwa igazi noma ukufakelwa isitho: Ukuthola igazi noma isitho esivela kumuntu onesifo. (Manje emazweni amaningi omhlaba, iminikelo yegazi iyahlolwa ukuze ihlolwe lesi sifo.)
- Ngokudla: Ngokudla ukudla okungaphekiwe okungcoliswe yi-parasite noma ngokudla inyama engaphekiwe kahle evela esilwaneni esigulayo.
- Ukusuka kumama kuya enganeni: Uma umama okhulelwe enalesi sifo, singadluliselwa enganeni esibelethweni.
Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu?
Kunezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko zesifo i-Chagas: isigaba sokuqala (isigaba esibukhali) kanye nesigaba sesibili (isigaba esingamahlalakhona).
Okokuqala, okungukuthi, isigaba esibucayi.
Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, izimpawu zincane kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi, kungase kungabi nazimpawu nhlobo. Uma zikhona, zingase zifane nezomkhuhlane ovamile.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Umkhuhlane kanye nokungakhululeki | Kungase kuzwakale njengomkhuhlane ojwayelekile wegciwane. Umzimba wakho uyaqaqamba futhi uzizwa ukhathele. |
| Ukuqhuma kwesikhumba | Amabala abomvu noma ansundu angavela esikhumbeni. |
| Inxeba lapho i-parasite ingene khona | Indawo okulunywe kuyo izinambuzane ingase ivuvuke, ibomvu, futhi ibukeke njengenxeba. |
| Ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla | Kungase kube nezinkinga ngohlelo lokugaya ukudla. |
| Ukuvuvukala kwamehlo | Lolu uphawu olukhethekile. Uma igciwane lingena ngeso, ijwabu elilodwa lizovuvukala. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi uphawu lwezokwelapha lukaRomaña . |
Lezi zimpawu zokuqala—uma zikhona—zivame ukuphela zodwa phakathi namasonto noma izinyanga ezimbalwa. Kodwa inkinga iwukuthi, lesi sifo asilapheki! Igciwane lihlala lingaphakathi emzimbeni. Ezinganeni ezincane kanye nalabo abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka, lesi sigaba sokuqala singaba yingozi.
Okwesibili, leso yisigaba esingamahlalakhona.
Ngisho noma kungekho zimpawu ekuqaleni, i-parasite ingahlala ingasebenzi emzimbeni futhi ibuye ivele eminyakeni, ngisho namashumi eminyaka kamuva . Lesi sigaba sesibili siyingozi kakhulu. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kungaba nezinkinga ezinkulu zenhliziyo nokugaya ukudla.
- Ukwanda kwenhliziyo, umphimbo, noma ikholoni.
- Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo.
- Isilinganiso senhliziyo esingajwayelekile.
- Amahlule egazi.
- Ukuma kwenhliziyo okungazelelwe.
Iphathwa kanjani?
Isifo seChagas silula kakhulu ukwelapha ezigabeni zokuqala, kodwa kunzima ukusithola kuleso sigaba ngoba azikho izimpawu.
Uma usola ukuthi unalesi sifo, ikakhulukazi uma uke waya esifundeni esifana neNingizimu Melika, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela wakho. Mtshele ngomlando wakho wohambo. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungaqinisekisa ukuthi unalesi sifo yini. Uma utholakale unesifo, kungadingeka futhi ukuthi wenze izivivinyo ezifana ne-EKG ukuze kubonakale ukuthi inhliziyo yakho ithintekile yini.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zemithi esetshenziswa ukwelapha lesi sifo: `benznidazole` kanye `nifurtimox`. Le mithi isebenza ngokubhubhisa amagciwane emzimbeni. Uma le mithi ithathwa ekuqaleni kwesifo, imiphumela iba ngcono kakhulu. Njengoba isifo siqhubeka, ukusebenza kahle kwemithi kungase kwehle.
Lomuthi kufanele uthathwe njalo cishe izinyanga ezimbili. Futhi, kungase kube nemiphumela emibi, ikakhulukazi kwasebekhulile. Ngakho-ke, zonke lezi zindlela zokwelapha kufanele zenziwe ngaphansi kokuqondisa okuqinile kukadokotela. Lo muthi awunikezwa omama abakhulelwe, kodwa uma umntwana osanda kuzalwa enegciwane, umntwana angelashwa.
Ingabe ikhona indlela yokuzivikela kulokhu?
Into edabukisayo ukuthi, umuthi wokugomela awukatholakali ukuvimbela lesi sifo.
Ngakho-ke into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukuhlala kude "nezinambuzane eziqabulayo." Lezi zinambuzane zihlala kakhulu emifantwini esezindongeni zezindlu ezenziwe ngobumba, utshani, namaqabunga esundu. Uma uya ezweni laseNingizimu Melika, gwema ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinjalo. Futhi, ukusebenzisa inethi, njengenethi yomiyane, lapho ulele kungakunikeza isivikelo esikhulu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Isifo se-Chagas asidluliselwa ngokulunywa "yizinambuzane eziqabulayo", kodwa ngendle yaso engena emzimbeni.
- Lesi sifo sivame kakhulu emazweni aseNingizimu Melika, ngakho-ke qaphela kakhulu uma uya kulezo zindawo.
- Izimpawu zokuqala zingase zibe zincane noma zingabi khona, kodwa ngemva kweminyaka eminingi zisemzimbeni, lesi silwanyana singadala isifo senhliziyo esibi kakhulu.
- Uma uke waya endaweni enjalo futhi uzizwa ungaphilile, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha bese umtshela ngohambo lwakho.
- Njengoba kungekho muthi wokugomela lokhu, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukuzivikela ezinambuzaneni.
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