Uma uthola inxeba elincane, ukuphuma kwegazi kuyaphela ngemva kwesikhashana, akunjalo? Lokho kungenxa yendlela emangalisayo yokuzivikela emizimbeni yethu. Kodwa kwabanye abantu, le nqubo yokujiya kwegazi ayenzeki kahle. Ngisho nenxeba elincane lingabangela ukuphuma kwegazi okuqhubekayo. Namuhla sikhuluma nge-hemophilia, isimo esizuzwe njengefa esibangela ukujiya kwegazi okungekuhle.
Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi ngine-hemophilia?
Kalula nje, lapho imizimba yethu iqala ukopha, uchungechunge lwezimo zamakhemikhali luqala ukuyimisa. Umphumela walokhu ukwakheka kwehlule legazi (i-Fibrin clot). Amaprotheni amaningana akhethekile egazini lethu asiza ekwakheni leli hlule legazi. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi "izici zokugoqa" noma Izinto Zokugoqa .
I-Hemophilia yisimo esizuzwa njengefa lapho esinye sezici zokujiya kwegazi, ikakhulukazi i-Factor VIII noma i-Factor IX, singekho noma sincipha ngobuningi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi igazi alijiyi ngendlela evamile.
Uma udokotela esola ukuthi une-hemophilia, uzokunikeza ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuningana ukuze abone ukuthi igazi lakho ligobile kangakanani. Lokhu kuhlolwa kufaka phakathi:
- Kuthathwa isampula yegazi lakho, lixutshwe namakhemikhali akhethekile elabhorethri, bese lihlolwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi ihlule legazi liyakheka yini, futhi uma kunjalo, ukuthi liyakheka ngokushesha kangakanani.
- Uma lokhu kuhlolwa kungavamile, uzobe usuhlolwa igazi ngokukhethekile ukuze ulinganise amazinga e-Factor VIII kanye ne-Factor IX egazini lakho.
Lezi zivivinyo zizosiza udokotela wakho ukuthi anqume ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwe-hemophilia onalo (A noma B) nokuthi lubi kangakanani.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-hemophilia?
Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha i-hemophilia. Uhlobo lokwelashwa oludingayo luzoncika ohlotsheni lwe-hemophilia onayo kanye nobunzima bayo.
Isibonelo, uma une-hemophilia encane, ungadinga ukwelashwa kuphela uma ulimele noma ulungiselela ukuhlinzwa. Kodwa-ke, uma une-hemophilia enzima futhi wopha njalo, ungadinga ukwelashwa njalo ukuze uvimbele ukopha nokuvikela amalunga akho ekukhubazekeni nasekukhubazekeni.
Izindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko yilezi ezilandelayo:
| Indlela yokwelapha | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlinzeka ngezinto ezibangela ukujiya kwegazi (Ukwelashwa Kokufaka Izakhi Zofuzo) | Ukunikeza i-blood clotting factor engekho noma ephansi (i-Factor VIII noma i-IX) ngomthambo (ngokusebenzisa i-intravenous) kuyindlela eyinhloko yokwelapha. |
| Ezinye izinhlobo zemithi | Ukunikeza eminye imithi ukusiza ukulawula ukopha, kungaba ngezinto ezibangela ukujiya kwegazi noma ngaphandle kwazo. |
| Ukwelashwa kwamalunga okopha igazi kanye nezinye izinkinga | Ukulawula ukulimala kwamalunga ngenxa yokopha njalo, ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, kanye nokushintsha indlela yokuphila. |
Ake sibheke kabanzi imithi ethile esetshenziswayo.
Abantu abane-hemophilia A banikezwa i-factor VIII, kanti abantu abane-hemophilia B banikezwa i-factor IX. Lezi zici zenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko:
1. I-plasma yegazi enikelwe
2. I-DNA eyenziwe nge-synthetic/Recombinant ethathwe
Izinhlobo ezintsha zezinto manje zenzelwe ukuhlala emzimbeni isikhathi eside, okusho ukuthi kudingeka imijovo embalwa kunangaphambili.
| Igama lomuthi | Ukusetshenziswa kanye nokusebenza |
|---|---|
| I-Emicizumab-kxwh (HEMLIBRA) | Umuthi onikezwa ukuvimbela noma ukunciphisa ukopha kubantu abane-hemophilia A. Usebenza ngokufaka esikhundleni se-missing factor VIII ngendlela ehlukile. Unikezwa njengomjovo ongaphansi kwesikhumba kanye ngesonto. |
| I-Desmopressin (i-DDAVP) | Umuthi onikezwa abantu abane -hemophilia encane A. Wandisa okwesikhashana ukuhlushwa kwe-factor VIII egazini. Unganikezwa ngemithambo yegazi, ngomjovo, noma njengesifutho sekhala. |
| Imithi yokulwa ne-fibrinolytic (isib. i-Tranexamic acid) | Lena imithi engasetshenziswa njengamaphilisi. Isebenza ngokuvimbela ukuqhekeka kwegazi ekuncibilikeni ngokushesha kakhulu. Kwezinye izimo, isetshenziswa kanye nokwelashwa ngezinto ezithile. |
| I-Obizur | Lolu uhlobo lwe-factor VIII olutholakala ezingulubeni. Alusetshenziswa ukwelapha i-hemophilia ezuzwe njengefa, kodwa ukwelapha isimo esingavamile, esiqala kamuva esibizwa ngokuthi i-Acquired Haemophilia A. Lesi simo singabangelwa ukukhulelwa, umdlavuza, noma imithi ethile. |
Ezinye izinkinga nokuphathwa
Kudingeka futhi sinake ezinye izinkinga eziningana ezihambisana ne-hemophilia.
Amalunga okopha
Lena yinkinga enkulu kakhulu ye-hemophilia. Uma kuvela ukopha emalungeni afana nedolo, indololwane, noma iqakala, kubalulekile ukuthola ukwelashwa kwe-factor ngokushesha. Uma lokhu kungenziwa, ilunga lingawohloka unomphela, okubangela ubuhlungu, ukuvuvukala, kanye nobunzima bokuhamba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Uma kuvela ukopha, phumula bese ufaka iqhwa emalungeni njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wakho. Ngemva kokuba ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala sekuphelile, i-physiotherapy ibaluleke kakhulu ukuze kubuyiselwe ukunyakaza namandla emalungeni.
Imisebenzi yomzimba
Ukuba ne-hemophilia akusho ukuthi kufanele uhlale ekhaya ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kodwa-ke, kuwukuhlakanipha ukuhlala kude nemidlalo yokuxhumana engabangela ukulimala. Isibonelo, imidlalo efana ne-rugby kanye ne-boxing ayifaneleki. Kodwa-ke, ukuzivocavoca okufana nokubhukuda, ukuhamba, kanye nokugibela ibhayisikili (ngendlela ephephile) kuhle kakhulu emzimbeni. Kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi yikuphi ukuzivocavoca okukufanele nokuthi yini okungafanele uyenze.
Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngesikhathi sokwelashwa?
Nakuba izindlela zokwelapha zamanje ziphephile kakhulu, kunezinkinga ezimbili okufanele uziqaphele.
1. Izifo Ezibangelwa Yigazi: Esikhathini esidlule, ngawo-1970 nawo-1980, kwakunengozi enkulu yokudlulisela amagciwane afana ne-HIV kanye ne-hepatitis ngokusebenzisa ukwelashwa ngegazi. Kodwa manje akusekho sidingo sokukhathazeka ngalokho.Kulezi zinsuku, abanikeli begazi bahlolwa ngokucophelela. Lonke igazi lihlolwa amagciwane bese belashwa ngezinqubo ezikhethekile zokulivimba ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha. Ngakho-ke ingozi manje iphansi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, njengomuntu onesifo segazi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugonyelwa i-hepatitis A kanye ne-B.
2. Ushintsho lwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela (Ama-Inhibitors): Ngezinye izikhathi, isimiso somzimba wethu sokuzivikela siphutha iphrotheni esiyinikezayo evela ngaphandle 'njengesitha' bese siqala ukuyihlasela. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi ukwakheka kwama- inhibitors . Khona-ke ukwelashwa kwama-factor esikunikezayo akusebenzi kahle. Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane. Yingakho udokotela wakho ezohlola njalo igazi lakho (noma lengane yakho) ukuze abone ukuthi lolu hlobo lokusabela luyenzeka yini.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Haemophilia isifo sokujiya kwegazi esizuzwe njengefa. Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko i-haemophilia A (ukuntuleka kwe-Factor VIII) kanye ne-haemophilia B (ukuntuleka kwe-Factor IX).
- Lesi sifo sitholakala ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okuqondile.
- Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko ukunikeza umzimba i-blood clotting factor engekho noma ephansi ngemithambo yegazi.
- Izindlela zokwelapha ezisetshenziswa namuhla ziphephile kakhulu futhi ziyasebenza. Izingozi zesikhathi esidlule sezinyamalele kakhulu.
- Uma kuvela ukopha ngaphakathi kwelunga, kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Lokhu kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukulimala okungapheli kwelunga.
- Xoxa njalo nodokotela wakho ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokuphila kanye nesimiso sokuzivocavoca esifanele wena. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela iseluleko sikadokotela wakho.
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