Ingabe ingane yakho encane ifaka umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esibhakabhakeni kanye nezihlahla eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lapho idweba? Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uyadideka uma uya esitolo futhi ungakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwemibala emibili yezingubo? Noma ingabe unenkinga yokuhlukanisa phakathi kwemango evuthiwe kanye nomango ongavuthiwe? Lezi zinto zingase zingabi amaphutha avamile. Namuhla sikhuluma ngesimo esibizwa ngokuthi "ubumpumputhe bombala", esivame kubantu abaningi emphakathini, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwamadoda, kodwa akukhulunywa kakhulu ngaso.
Kalula nje, kuyini ukungaboni imibala?
Uma sizwa igama elithi "ubumpumputhe bombala," sicabanga ngomuntu ongakwazi ukubona imibala, ebona umhlaba ngombala omnyama nomhlophe. Kodwa empeleni kuyisimo esingavamile kakhulu. Ngokwezokwelapha, lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-Color Vision Deficiency . Akukhona ukuthi awukwazi ukubona imibala nhlobo, kodwa ukuthi ubona imibala ngendlela ehlukile kumuntu ovamile. Ukuze kube sobala, kunomehluko omncane endleleni amehlo akho abona ngayo imibala.
Lokhu kuba sobala uma siqonda kancane ngendlela esibona ngayo imibala.
Inqubo yokubona into iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Amehlo ethu nobuchopho bethu kusebenza ndawonye ukwenza lokhu. Ku-retina, ngemuva kwamehlo ethu, kunezinhlobo ezikhethekile zamangqamuzana ezinzwa azwela ukukhanya. Sibiza lawa ma-photoreceptor. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zalawa.
1. Izinduku: Lezi zisisiza sibone izinto ekukhanyeni okuphansi, okungukuthi, ebumnyameni.
2. Amakhoni: Lawa angamaqhawe endabeni yethu. Lawa maseli ekhoni asisiza ukuhlukanisa nokubona imibala.
Lawa maseli e-cone ahlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko. Uhlobo ngalunye luzwela umbala owodwa oyinhloko.
- Amakhoni azwela obomvu (amakhoni e-L)
- Amakhoni azwela okuluhlaza (amakhoni ama-M)
- Amakhoni azwela okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (amakhoni ama-S)
Ake uzicabange ungumdwebi. Uma unemibala emithathu, obomvu, oluhlaza okotshani, noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ungazihlanganisa ndawonye ukuze wenze noma yimuphi umbala owufunayo. Ngendlela efanayo, amehlo ethu aqoqa ulwazi oluvela kula maseli amathathu e-cone bese eluthumela ebuchosheni ukuze lunqume umbala wento. Ukungaboni kombala kwenzeka lapho elinye noma ngaphezulu lala maseli e-cone engekho kusukela ekuzalweni, noma uma engasebenzi kahle.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokubona imibala?
Ukungaboni imibala kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana kuye ngohlobo lwamaseli ekhoni onawo angekho noma angasebenzi kahle. Lokhu kungase kubonakale kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane, kodwa leli thebula lizokusiza ukuliqonda kalula.
| Isigaba esiyinhloko | Uhlobo olungaphansi (igama lezokwelapha) | Kwenzekani nje? |
|---|---|---|
| Ukuntuleka Okubomvu-Okuluhlaza Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Lubonakala kakhulu kwabesilisa. | I-Protanomaly | Ngisho noma kukhona amaseli e-cone azwela ukubomvu, awasebenzi kahle. Ubomvu bungase bubonakale njengompunga okhanyayo. Yonke imibala equkethe obomvu ibonakala ifiphele. |
| I-Deuteranomaly (I-subtype evame kakhulu) | Amaseli e-cone azwela ukuluhlaza awasebenzi kahle. Esikhathini esiningi, imibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nephuzi yiwona kuphela imibala ebonakala kahle. Eminye imibala ibonakala ifiphele kancane futhi ingakhanyi kakhulu. | |
| I-Protanopia | Amaseli e-cone azwela ukubomvu awatholakali lapho ezalwa. Ubomvu abubonakali. Imibala eminingi ibonakala njengemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma yegolide. Kunzima ukuhlukanisa phakathi kobomvu nomnyama. | |
| I-Deuteranopia | Amaseli e-cone azwela ukuluhlaza awatholakali lapho ezalwa. Esikhathini esiningi, izinto zibonakala ngemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka negolide. Kunzima ukuhlukanisa obomvu noluhlaza, kanye noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nophuzi. | |
| Ukuntuleka Kombala Oluhlaza Okwesibhakabhaka Nophuzi Lokhu kuyinto engavamile kunezinhlobo ezibomvu-eziluhlaza okotshani. | I-Tritanopia | Amaseli e-cone azwela ku-blue awatholakali lapho ezalwa. Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka akubonakali. Imibala efana nobomvu, opinki, kanye ne-lavender ibonakala kakhulu. |
| I-Tritanomaly | Ngisho noma kukhona amaseli e-cone azwela okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, awasebenzi kahle. Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kungabonakala kuluhlaza. Okuphuzi nakho kungaba nzima ukukuhlukanisa. | |
| Ubumpumputhe Bombala Obuphelele | Lezi yizimo ezingavamile kakhulu. Kulokhu, izinhlobo ezimbili noma zonke ezintathu zamaseli ekhoni azisebenzi. Umhlaba ubonakala ngemibala engwevu. I-Achromatopsia iyisimo esinjalo. | |
Ziyini izimpawu zalesi simo?
Kunzima ngomuntu ozelwe enalesi simo ukuqaphela ukuthi kukhona okuhlukile ngaye. Ngoba ubelokhu ebona umhlaba ngaleyo ndlela kusukela ebuntwaneni. Kuyinto evamile kuye. Ngokuvamile, akazi ukuthi unalesi simo kuze kube yilapho ehlolwa udokotela wamehlo.
Izimpawu ezivame ukubonakala yilezi:
- Ubunzima bokuhlukanisa nokubona imibala ethile (isib., obomvu noluhlaza okotshani, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nonsomi, oluhlaza okotshani nonsundu).
- Ukukhanya noma ukujula kwemibala kungase kungabonakali kahle.
- Ubunzima bokuhlukanisa phakathi kwemibala ehlukene yombala ofanayo (isb., eluhlaza okotshani kanye noluhlaza okotshani obumnyama).
Ingabe unakho ukungabaza ngengane yakho?
Ingane encane ingase ingakwazi ukukhuluma ngezinguquko embonweni wayo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile kuwe njengomzali ukuqaphela lezi zimpawu.
- Akayithandi imisebenzi yokufaka imibala nokudweba: Angase agweme le misebenzi ngoba enenkinga yokubona imibala.
- Ukusebenzisa imibala engafanele: Ukusebenzisa imibala engeyona eyemvelo, njengokwenza isibhakabhaka sibe luhlaza kanye notshani lube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- Ukunuka ukudla ngaphambi kokudla: Ngezinye izikhathi awukwazi ukubona ukuthi ukudla kusha, kudala, noma kuvuthiwe ngombala wako, ngakho-ke ungajwayela ukukunuka.
- Uma ecelwa ukuba ahlele amathoyizi noma amabhlogo ngombala, uba nobunzima bokwenza kanjalo.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukungamthethisi umntwana uma ubona into efana nale, kodwa ucabangele ukuthi angase abe nesimo esifana nale bese ucela iseluleko sezokwelapha.
Kungani kwenzeka ubumpumputhe bombala?
Kunezizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko zalokhu.
1. Ifa
Lena imbangela evame kakhulu. Okusho ukuthi, idluliselwa ngofuzo kubazali kuya ezinganeni.Ulwazi oludingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe amangqamuzana e-cone emehlweni ethu luqukethwe ku-genes zethu. Uma kukhona ushintsho (ukuguqulwa) kulawo ma-genes, amangqamuzana e-cone angase angakhuli kahle noma angase angasebenzi kahle. Ngenxa yokuthi i-gene yokungaboni kombala obomvu noluhlaza itholakala ku-chromosome X, lesi simo sivame kakhulu kwabesilisa kunabesifazane.
2. Kwenzeka kamuva ekuphileni (Okutholiwe)
Ngezinye izikhathi, umuntu ozelwe engenazo izinkinga angaba nalesi simo kamuva ekuphileni ngesizathu esithile. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho amaseli e-cone elimala ngenxa yomonakalo emehlweni, e-retina, noma ebuchosheni.
- Izifo zamehlo: Izimo ezifana ne-diabetesic retinopathy, i-cataracts, i-glaucoma, kanye nokuwohloka kwe-macular okuhlobene nobudala.
- Izifo ezithinta ubuchopho noma uhlelo lwezinzwa.
- Ukulimala kwamehlo: Ukulimala okukhulu ekhanda noma esweni.
- Imiphumela emibi yemithi ethile: Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwemithi ethile kungathinta amehlo.
- Ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali endaweni ezungezile.
Wazi kanjani ukuthi unalesi simo?
Uma usola ukuthi wena noma ingane yakho inalesi simo, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukubona udokotela wamehlo. Uzokwenza ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuphelele.
Kunezivivinyo ezikhethekile nezilula kakhulu zokuthola ubumpumputhe bombala. Ungase ukhumbule ukubona izithombe ezincwadini lapho inombolo noma isimo sifihliwe ngaphakathi kwesiyingi esenziwe ngamachashazi anemibala ehlukene. Izivivinyo ezinjengalezi, kusetshenziswa amakhadi noma isikrini sekhompyutha, zingakutshela ngqo ukuthi hlobo luni lokuntuleka kombala onalo nokuthi lubi kangakanani.
Amehlo engane yakho azohlolwa udokotela wezingane emtholampilo wabo ojwayelekile. Bazokweluleka ngeminyaka okufanele ingane yakho ibonane nodokotela wamehlo.
Ingabe ikhona indlela yokwelapha lokhu?
Lokhu kuyinkinga kubantu abaningi.
Okwamanje akukho ikhambi lokwelapha ubumpumputhe bombala obuzuzwe njengefa ngoba kuyisimo sofuzo.
Kodwa-ke, uma lesi simo sitholakala, ukwelashwa kwesimo esiyisisekelo (isb. isifo sikashukela, i-cataracts) ngezinye izikhathi kungabuyisela umbono wombala. Kodwa-ke, uma umonakalo kumaseli e-cone uhlala unomphela, umbono ungase ungalulami ngokugcwele.
Namuhla, kunezibuko ezikhethekile (izibuko zokubona imibala) ezisiza abanye abantu ukuthi babone imibala ngokucacile noma ngokugqamile. Kodwa lezi azilaphi lesi sifo. Azisebenzi kuwo wonke umuntu. Ngakho-ke, uma ucabanga ngento efana nale, khuluma nodokotela wakho wamehlo kuqala.Kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sokuthi siyakufanelekela yini.
Ungaphila kanjani ngempumelelo nalesi simo?
Uma uthola ukuthi unesifo sokungaboni imibala, ungazizwa ukhululekile ngakolunye uhlangothi. "O, yingakho ngixuba leyo mibala." Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, ungazizwa ukhungathekile kancane uma uzibuza, "Ingabe ngibona umhlaba ngendlela ehlukile kunabanye abantu?" Lokho kuvamile.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda lesi simo nokuzivumelanisa naso.
- Izimo Ezingatheni: Iningi labantu linobumpumputhe obubomvu-oluhlaza obuncane obungathinti impilo yabo yansuku zonke. Akubavimbeli ekutholeni ilayisense yokushayela noma ekusebenzeni umsebenzi ojwayelekile.
- Ukusiza izingane: Uma ingane yakho inalesi simo, yazisa othisha bayo. Khuluma ngezindlela zokuyisiza ngemisebenzi ehlobene nombala esikoleni (isib., ukubhala amagama emibala emapenseleni anemibala).
- Ubuchwepheshe buyasiza: Namuhla, kunezinhlelo zokusebenza ezitholakalayo zama-smartphone ezibonisa umbala wento uma uyikhomba ikhamera. Izinto ezinjengalezi zingaba usizo empilweni yansuku zonke.
- Buza udokotela wakho: Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile ngesimo sakho, lokho ongakwenza, kanye nezinto ezikukhathazayo.
Abantu abaningi baphila impilo ephumelelayo nejabulisayo ngokungaboni imibala ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Okudingeka bakwenze nje ukuqaphela isimo sabo bese benza izinguquko ezincane ekuphileni kwabo ukuze basivumelane naso.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukungaboni imibala akukhona ukungakwazi ukubona noma yimiphi imibala, kodwa kunalokho ikhono lokubona imibala ngendlela ehlukile kunejwayelekile.
- Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu yizakhi zofuzo (ezikhona lapho umuntu ezalwa), futhi zivame kakhulu phakathi kwabesilisa.
- Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninenkinga yokubona imibala, qiniseka ukuthi nibona udokotela wamehlo ukuze nithole iseluleko.
- Nakuba kungekho ikhambi lokungaboni imibala okuzelwe nakho, impilo ingenziwa ibe lula ngosizo lwezibuko ezikhethekile namadivayisi obuchwepheshe.
- Abantu abaningi bayakwazi ukuphila impilo ejwayelekile negcwele ngalesi simo.
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