Ingabe ingane yakho encane inalokhu kukhwehlela "okukhonkothayo"? Ake sixoxe nge-croup!

Ingabe ingane yakho encane ivele yakhwehlela ngendlela engavamile, ekhonkothayo kanye nomkhuhlane, futhi yaba nobunzima bokuphefumula? Njengomama, kumelwe ukuthi wesaba kakhulu uma lokho kwenzeka, akunjalo? I-Croup yisimo esivame kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane futhi esibonisa lezi zimpawu. Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe, kalula.

Iyini le croup?

Kalula nje, i-croup, noma ngokwezokwelapha, "i-Laryngotracheobronchitis " iyisifo somphimbo, okungukuthi, i-larynx (lapho umsindo uvela khona lapho sikhuluma) kanye ne-trachea (ipayipi eliyinhloko lokuphefumula) ezinganeni ezincane . Okwenzekayo kulokhu ukuthi ingxenye engenhla yomoya, okungukuthi, ingxenye engaphansi kwezintambo zezwi, iyavuvukala. Cabanga nje, lapho ipayipi lamanzi livaliwe, kunzima ukuthi amanzi adlule, lapho umoya uvuvukala ngale ndlela, uyancipha. Khona-ke ingane encane ikuthola kunzima ukuphefumula, bese umsindo ongajwayelekile uqala ukuzwakala lapho iphefumula.

Lokhu kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni nasezinganeni ezincane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-3. Njengoba izingane zikhula, izindlela zazo zokuphefumula ziba zinkulu, ngakho-ke lolu hlobo lokuvuvukala alunakwenzeka kangako ukubangela izinkinga ezinkulu zokuphefumula. Yingakho izingane ezindala zingase zingabi namathuba amaningi okuthola i-croup.

Imbangela eyinhloko yalokhu ukutheleleka ngamagciwane . Njengamagciwane abangela umkhuhlane kanye ne-flu, akuwona wonke umkhuhlane obangelwa amagciwane ophenduka i-croup.

Kuzwakala kanjani ukukhwehlela kwe-croup?

Isici esiyinhloko nesiphawuleka kakhulu se-croup yilokhu kukhwehlela okungajwayelekile . Kuwukukhwehlela okunamandla, okunamandla "okukhonkothayo", njengokubhonga kwenja noma ukukhonkotha kwenja encane. Abanye omama beza kimi bekhathazekile bathi, "Dokotela, ingane yami yavele yakhwehlela ngokuzumayo, futhi ngesaba kakhulu." Yilokho okuzwakala ngakho.

Enye into ukuthi lapho umntwana ephefumula, kungase kuzwakale umsindo othi “whooping” noma wokuminyana uphuma emphinjeni . Kwezokwelapha, lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-stridor . Lo msindo ubangelwa ukuvuvukala nokuncipha kwendlela yokuphefumula, kanye nokudlidliza okwenzeka lapho umoya udlula kuleso sikhala esinciphile.

Yiziphi ezinye izimpawu?

I-Croup ivame ukuba mnene futhi iphele ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu zingaba zimbi kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, izimpawu ziqala kancane. Ekuqaleni, zifana nomkhuhlane omncane, onekhala eligobhozayo nekhala elicijile. Bese kuthi, phakathi kwamahora ayi-12 kuya kwangu-48, ube nokukhwehlela okukhonkothayo okuhlukile. Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuba zimbi ebusuku .

Ezinye izimpawu ezingase zibonakale ku-croup encane zifaka:

• Ukuhosha kwezwi, umuzwa wokusinda.
• Umkhuhlane ojwayelekile.
• Ngezinye izikhathi kuvela ukuqubuka kwesikhumba.
• Ukubomvu kwamehlo (conjunctivitis).
• Ama-lymph node avuvukele entanyeni (ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph node entanyeni).

Ku-croup ephakathi kuya kwenzima, lezi zimpawu zingase zibe zimbi kakhulu:

• Ubunzima obusobala bokuphefumula : Kubonakala sengathi ingane inenkinga yokuphefumula.
• Ukungaphumuli, ukucasuka.
• Ukuhoxa (ukudonsa isikhumba phakathi kwamathambo esifuba kanye nesifuba esingaphezulu) lapho uphefumula : Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ingane inenkinga kangakanani ekuphefumuleni.
• Isikhumba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (i-cyanosis) : Isikhumba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ikakhulukazi eduze kwezindebe, ulimi, kanye nezinzipho, kusho ukuthi umzimba awutholi umoya-mpilo owanele. Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo!

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-croup, i-RSV, kanye nokukhwehlela okukhwehlelayo?

Zonke lezi zifo ezintathu zithinta uhlelo lokuphefumula futhi ngezinye izikhathi zingadideka ngoba zenzeka ezinganeni ezincane. Ake sibheke umehluko.

I-RSV kanye ne-Croup

I-RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) ingenye igciwane elithinta uhlelo lokuphefumula. Ingathinta kokubili izinsana kanye nabantu abadala. I-RSV ibangela izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane njengokukhwehlela nokuthimula. Okubalulekile, i-RSV nayo uhlobo lwegciwane olungabangela ukukhwehlela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukutheleleka kwe-RSV kungakhula kube ukukhwehlela kwezinye izingane.

I-Pertussis kanye ne-Croup

Ukukhwehlela okubi, noma "i-Pertussis" njengoba kwaziwa ngokwezokwelapha, kuyisifo sokuphefumula esithinta izingane ezincane, njenge-croup. Zombili zikhwehlela ngendlela ehlukile. Kodwa-ke , ukukhwehlela okubi kuwukukhwehlela okuhambisana nomsindo "okubi" ophezulu lapho umuntu ephefumula.

Umehluko omkhulu ukuthi ukukhwehlela okukhwehlelayo kubangelwa ukutheleleka ngamagciwane, kanti i-croup ivame ukubangelwa ukutheleleka ngamagciwane. Ngakho-ke, awukho umuthi wokugomela i-croup, futhi awunakwelashwa ngama-antibiotic (ama-antibiotic awabulali amagciwane). Kukhona umuthi wokugomela ukuvimbela ukukhwehlela okukhwehlelayo, futhi awupholi ngokushesha njenge-croup.

Ivame kangakanani i-croup?

Emazweni afana ne-United States, kuthiwa cishe u-3% wezingane uba nesifo sokuwa kwesisu njalo ngonyaka. Isifo sokuwa kwesisu kubikwa ukuthi siyimbangela yokulaliswa esibhedlela okungu-7% ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 . Sibonakala kaningi kubafana. Kodwa akukho okufanele sikhathazeke ngakho, ngoba u-85% kuphela wezingane eziba nesifo sokuwa kwesisu ezinesimo esibucayi. Ngaphansi kuka-1% uba nesifo esibi kakhulu.

Ziyini izimbangela ze-croup?

Njengoba sesixoxile kakade, imbangela eyinhloko ye-croup ukutheleleka ngegciwane. Kulawa, okuvame kakhulu igciwane elibizwa ngokuthi `(i-Parainfluenza virus). Ngaphandle kwalokho, amagciwane afana ne-`(i-Influenza virus)` (igciwane elisigulisayo), `(RSV - Respiratory Syncytial Virus)`, igciwane le-measles, kanye ne-`(Adenovirus)` nawo angabangela i-croup. Lawa magciwane abangela ukuthi izindlela zomoya ezingenhla komphimbo wengane zivuvuke. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula.

Kodwa la magciwane avamile endaweni ezungezile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi akuzona zonke izingane ezithola ukutheleleka ngegciwane ezizokhula zibe ne-croup. Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi ukutheleleka ngegciwane kungenzeke ngaphezu kokutheleleka ngegciwane, okwenza isimo sibe sibi kakhulu.

Ingabe i-croup iyathelelana?

Yebo, i-croup iyisifo esithathelwanayo kakhulu ngoba amagciwane ayibangelayo asakazeka kalula kakhulu.

Uma umuntu onesifo esibangelwa yigciwane noma igciwane esingabangela ukukhwehlela noma ukuthimula, amaconsi amancane (amaconsi okuphefumula) akhishwa emoyeni. Uma ingane yakho iphefumulela lowo moya, ingawathola amagciwane futhi ithole ukukhwehlela. Ingawuthola nangokuthinta izinto ezingcoliswe amagciwane, njengamathoyizi noma izibambo zomnyango, bese ithinta umlomo noma impumulo yayo ngesandla esifanayo.

Ingane ingathelelana ezinsukwini ezintathu zokuqala ngemva kokuqala kwezimpawu, noma kuze kube yilapho umkhuhlane usuphelile ngokuphelele . Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukugwema ukuthumela ingane yakho esikoleni kuze kube yilapho umkhuhlane usuphelile amahora angama-24 ngaphandle kokuyinika imithi yokwehlisa umkhuhlane.

Ingabe i-croup ingabangela izinkinga?

Esikhathini esiningi, i-croup yisimo esingesihle esingelashwa ekhaya. Izinkinga azivamile. Ngaphansi kuka-5% wezingane ezine-croup ezidinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela. Ingane yakho ingadinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela uma:

• Uma udinga ukunikeza umoya-mpilo ukuze ugcine izinga lomoya-mpilo emzimbeni wengane.
• Uma uphelelwe amanzi emzimbeni kakhulu futhi udinga ukunikezwa uketshezi ngemithambo yegazi (IV - ngemithambo yegazi) .
• Uma udinga ukunikeza izindlela eziningana zokwelapha ukuphefumula okune-nebulized ngenxa yobunzima bokuphefumula.
• Uma izimpawu ziqhubeka ngemva kokwelashwa kokuqala.

Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi ingane yami ine-croup?

Esikhathini esiningi, udokotela uzonquma ukuthi ingane yakho ine-croup yini ngokusekelwe ezimpawini ingane ezibonisayo . Eziyinhloko yilowo msindo wokukhonkotha ojwayelekile kanye nomsindo we-"stridor" owenziwa lapho uphefumula. Lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi ekwindla nasebusika (ezweni lakithi, ngesikhathi semvula, lapho kubanda kakhulu). Uma isimo sengane sibi kakhulu, udokotela ngezinye izikhathi angayala ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray kanye nokuhlolwa kwelebhu, kodwa lokhu akuvamile kakhulu.

Iphathwa kanjani i-croup?

Ukwelashwa kuncike ebunzimeni bezimpawu zengane yakho kanye nengozi yokuthi isimo sibe sibi kakhulu ngokushesha. Uma ingane yakho ike yaba nezinkinga zokuphefumula ngaphambilini, noma uma yazalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, lokhu kuzothinta nokukhetha ukwelashwa.

Amakhambi asekhaya (ekwelapheni i-croup encane)

Uma isimo se-croup sincane, singelashwa futhi selashwe ekhaya.

Okubalulekile: Uma isimo sengane yakho singathuthuki ngalezi zindlela zokwelapha ekhaya, noma uma kubonakala sengathi siya siba sibi kakhulu, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela.

• I-cool mist humidifier: Ukusebenzisa i-cool mist humidifier, enezela umswakama ekamelweni, kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukuphefumula okomile nokuxineneyo.
• Umusi wendlu yokugezela: Vala umnyango wendlu yokugezela bese uvula amanzi ashisayo avela eshaweni. Bese uhlala endlini yokugezela enomusi nengane yakho isikhashana. Kodwa qaphela! Ungayithinti ingane eshaweni noma uyisondeze eduze kwamanzi ashisayo, ngoba angayishisa.
• Umoya opholile: Uma ingane yakho ibonakala inenkinga yokuphefumula ebusuku, vula umnyango noma ifasitela ukuze ivumele umoya opholile ungene ekamelweni (kodwa ungayibeki emakhazeni amakhulu).
• Umuthi womkhuhlane: Uma unomkhuhlane, nikeza umuthi onikezwe udokotela (OTC) njenge-paracetamol (isib. iPanadol, iCalpol) noma i-ibuprofen (isib. iBrufen). Ungayiniki izingane ezincane i-aspirin.
• Uketshezi olufudumele lokukhwehlela: Ukunikeza uketshezi olufudumele nolucacile (isib. isobho, amanzi afudumele) ngamanani amancane kungasiza ekukhululeni uketshezi olusezintanjeni zezwi.
• Gwema ukubhema: Gwema ukubhema endlini. Intuthu kagwayi ingenza ukukhwehlela kwengane yakho kube kubi nakakhulu.
• Phakamisa ikhanda: Ngesikhathi ulele, phakamisa ikhanda lomntwana wakho ngomcamelo owengeziwe. Lokhu kungamsiza ukuba aphefumule kalula. Kodwa ungambeki ingane engaphansi konyaka ubudala ibhedi.

Uma kungenzeka, kungcono ukulala ekamelweni elilodwa nengane yakho, ukuze wazi uma ingane yakho inenkinga yokuphefumula ebusuku.

Ukwelashwa (Kokuqaqamba Okuphakathi Kuya Kokubi)

Uma i-croup iphakathi noma inzima, kufanele uyiyise ngokushesha kuMnyango Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) oseduze noma kudokotela. I-croup ebuhlungu ingaba yingozi empilweni, ngakho-ke akukhuthazwa ukuba uhlehlise isikhathi.

Ukwelashwa okunikezwayo lapho kungahlukahluka kuye ngezimpawu zomntwana. Ezinye zalezi zimpawu zifaka:

• Ukunikeza umoya noma umoya-mpilo onomswakamo.
• Uma kwenzeka ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, nikeza uketshezi oluphuma emzimbeni.
• Ukuqapha izimpawu ezibalulekile: izinto ezifana namazinga omoya-mpilo, izinga lokuphefumula, kanye nezinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo.
• Imithi ethile ye-croup: ama-steroid (ama-glucocorticoids) kanye nemithi efakwe ama-nebulized (isb. i-epinephrine).
• Uma ubunzima bokuphefumula bukhulu, ukuphefumula ngomshini kungenziwa ezimweni ezingavamile.

Ake sifunde okwengeziwe ngale mithi.

Uma uyisa ingane yakho kudokotela noma ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo, udokotela angakunika uhlobo lomuthi olubizwa ngokuthi "i-glucocorticoid" kanye "nebulized epinephrine".

• Ama-glucocorticoids:

Lezi ziwuhlobo lwe-steroid. Lo muthi usebenza ngokunciphisa ukuvuvukala emphinjeni wengane yakho (ibhokisi lezwi). Ngokuvamile uqala ukusebenza zingakapheli amahora ayi-6 kusukela kumthamo wokuqala. Ukunikeza lo muthi ingane enesifo sokuqaqamba okuncane kungasiza ekunciphiseni isidingo sokuvakashela udokotela noma esibhedlela ngokuphindaphindiwe.

Imithi evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu yi-`(dexamethasone)` kanye ne-`(prednisolone). Le mithi inikezwa ngomlomo, ngokuvamile ngesilinganiso esisodwa. Uma ingane ihlanza futhi ingakwazi ukugcina umuthi uphansi, i-`(dexamethasone)` inganikezwa nge-`(IV)` noma nge-intramuscularly `(IM injection)`.

• I-Nebulized Epinephrine:

I-Epinephrine inikezwa njengenkungu nge-nebulizer. Isebenza futhi ngokunciphisa ukuvuvukala emigwaqweni yomoya. Ngokuvamile iqala ukusebenza zingakapheli imizuzu eyi-10. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela yayo ihlala cishe amahora amabili kuphela. Ngakho-ke, uma izimpawu zinkulu, kungadingeka uphinde ukwelashwa njalo ngemizuzu eyi-15 kuya kwengama-20.

Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?

I-Epinephrine ayivamile ukubangela imiphumela emibi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ingabangela izinto ezifana nokwanda kwesilinganiso senhliziyo (i-tachycardia). Udokotela uzoqapha ingane amahora amathathu kuya kwamane ngemuva komthamo wokugcina ukuze abone ukuthi izinkinga zokuphefumula ziyabuya yini.

Ngizolulama ngokushesha kangakanani ngemva kokwelashwa?

Ama-glucocorticoids avame ukuqala ukusebenza zingakapheli amahora ayi-6 kusukela kumthamo wokuqala. I-Epinephrine iqala ukusebenza ngokushesha okukhulu.

Kunini lapho kufanele ukhathazeke khona nge-croup?

I-Croup ingaba mnene, ibe maphakathi, noma ibe nzima. Kuncike ekutheni kunzima kangakanani ngengane ukuphefumula . Ubunzima besimo buncike kubukhulu (ububanzi) bomgudu womoya wengane nokuthi uncishiswa kangakanani ukuvuvukala. Futhi, isimo singaba sibi kakhulu uma ingane iphatheke kabi noma ikhala.

• I-Croup Encane:

Ingane ene-croup encane ingaba nokukhwehlela okukhonkothayo kanye nomsindo wokuphefumula (stridor). Izimpawu zingase zibe zimbi kakhulu ebusuku. Ngakho-ke kudingeka uqaphele ukuphefumula kwengane yakho, kodwa ezimweni eziningi, zingelashwa ekhaya.

• I-Croup Ephakathi:

Ingane ene-croup ephakathi nendawo ingaba nomsindo wokukhala (stridor) kanye nezimpawu zokuhoxa (isikhumba esiphakathi kwezimbambo) lapho iphefumula. Ingase iphazamiseke kancane, idideke, futhi ibe nobunzima bokuphefumula obuphakathi nendawo. Kuleli qophelo, ingane kufanele iyiswe kudokotela ukuze ithole ukwelashwa.

• I-Croup Enzima:

Ingane enesifo sokuqaqamba okukhulu kwesisu izoba ne-stridor kanye nokuhoxa. Ingase iphazamiseke kakhulu, ingahlaliseki futhi ikhathele.Ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (i-cyanosis) kuvamile. Ubuhlungu obukhulu obubangelwa yi-croup busongela impilo! Thatha ingane uye ekamelweni eliphuthumayo (ETU) ngokushesha.

I-croup ihlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Iningi lezingane liyalulama ezimpawini ze-croup zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbili , kodwa ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu zingase zihlale isonto lonke.

Ngingambuyisela nini umntwana wami esikoleni?

I-Croup yisifo esithelelanayo kakhulu. Gwema ukuthumela ingane yakho esikoleni kuze kube yilapho umkhuhlane wayo usuphelile ngokuphelele (kufanele ingabi nomkhuhlane amahora angama-24 ngaphandle kokunikeza imithi yokwehlisa umkhuhlane).

Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukusabalala kwe-croup?

I-croup ingasakazeka ngokuthintana noma ngomoya. Ukuze uyivimbele, yenza lezi zinto:

• Ngemva kokunakekela umntwana , geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho bese uzomisa.
• Geza amathoyizi kahle ngemva kokusebenzisa.
• Fundisa ingane yakho ukuvala umlomo nekhala layo uma ikhwehlela noma ithimula.
• Gwema ukuthumela ingane yakho ezikoleni/ezinkulisa uma igula, noma uma lesi sifo sisakazeka ezindaweni ezifana nesikole.
• Lahla izicubu ezisetshenzisiwe ngendlela efanele.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela? / Kufanele ngiye nini egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo?

Kulesi simo, khuluma nodokotela wengane yakho:

• Uma ingane inomkhuhlane isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezintathu .
• Uma unezimpawu ezincane ze-croup isikhathi esingaphezu kwesonto .
• Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ngesimo sengane yakho.

Uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo, thatha ingane yakho uyiyise ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo (ETU) ngokushesha:

• Uma kukhona ubunzima obusobala bokuphefumula .
• Uma isikhumba siphenduka sibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (i-cyanosis) (ikakhulukazi eduze kwezindebe, ulimi, kanye nezinzipho).
• Uma ukukhwehlela okukhulu kuqhubeka.
• Uma unenkinga yokugwinya, noma uma amathe ephuma emlonyeni wakho.
• Uma ungakwazi ukuphefumula, awukwazi ukumemeza.
• Uma wenza umsindo wokushaya ikhwela ophakeme uma uphefumula.
• Uma isikhumba esiphakathi kwamathambo esifuba kanye nesifuba esingaphezulu sidonsela ngaphakathi (ukuhoxa) lapho uphefumula.

Kungani ingane yami iqhubeka nokuba nesifo sokuqaqamba kwamalunga?

Uma ingane yakho iqhubeka nokuba ne-croup, kungaba uphawu lokuthi kukhona ukuncishiswa kwezindlela zayo zomoya . Lokhu kuyenza ibe sengozini enkulu yokuthola izifo. Lokhu kuncishiswa kungaba khona lapho izalwa noma kungase kuvele kamuva. Uma i-croup iqhubeka nokuba yimbi, udokotela wakho angakudlulisela kuchwepheshe wezindlebe, impumulo kanye nomphimbo (otolaryngologist) noma kuchwepheshe wokuphefumula (pulmonologist) .

Ingabe abantu abadala bangathola i-croup?

Abantu abadala bangathola i-croup, kodwa akuvamile kakhulu. Izinsana nezingane ezincane zithola i-croup ngoba ama-windpipe abo (ama-trachea) amancane futhi awakakhuli ngokugcwele. Njengoba izingane zikhula, ama-windpipe abo ayakhula futhi akhule ngokugcwele. Ngisho noma evuvukala, ngeke kuthinte kakhulu ukuphefumula. Ngenxa yokuthi abantu abadala banezindlela zokuphefumula ezinkulu, i-croup ngokuvamile ayibathinti. Kodwa-ke, uma umuntu omdala ethola i-croup, izimpawu zakhe ngokuvamile zingaba zimbi kakhulu futhi angadinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-Croup igciwane lokuphefumula elithelelanayo kakhulu elithinta izinsana nezingane ezincane. Ungabona ukuthi i-croup ibangelwa ukukhwehlela okuhlukile "okukhonkothayo" ingane yakho enakho. Esikhathini esiningi, i-croup ithambile futhi iyanyamalala yodwa, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ingaba yimbi kakhulu futhi yenze kube nzima ngengane yakho ukuphefumula.

Ngakho-ke, uma i-croup yengane yakho ingalulami, noma ibonakala iba yimbi kakhulu, ungalibali uye kudokotela ukuze ahlolwe futhi athole ukwelashwa. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukungesabi bese wenza into efanele. Awuwedwa, sonke sinawe!

` I-Croup, Ukukhwehlela okukhonkothayo, Izifo zobuntwana, Izifo zokuphefumula, I-Stridor, Ubunzima bokuphefumula