Ake sifunde kabanzi ngokukhwehlela okukhulu (i-Pertussis). Ingabe ingane yakho isengozini?

Ukukhwehlela okukhwehlelayo kuyisifo esicasulayo esingathinta izingane kuphela, kodwa nabantu abadala. Empeleni kuyisifo esithinta uhlelo lokuphefumula. Izimpawu eziyinhloko umsindo ongavamile 'wokukhwehlela' lapho uphefumula kanye nokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe, ngoba kungaba yingozi kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane.

Kuyini i-Pertussis?

Kalula nje, ukukhwehlela okukhwehlelayo kuyisifo esithathelwanayo esithinta uhlelo lwethu lokuphefumula, okungukuthi, umphimbo wethu , umphimbo, namaphaphu . Kubangelwa uhlobo lwebhaktheriya elibizwa ngokuthi `(Bordetella pertussis)` . Uma la mabhaktheriya engena emzimbeni, ahlala endaweni yokuphefumula futhi abangele ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo. Lokhu kukhwehlela kukhulu kangangokuthi ngezinye izikhathi kuba nzima ukuphefumula uma ukhwehlela, futhi uma uphefumula futhi, ungenza umsindo othi 'whoop'. Yingakho ubizwa nangokuthi `(Whooping Cough)` ngesiNgisi. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lo msindo othi 'whoop' awufiki kuwo wonke umuntu.

Lesi sifo singaba yingozi kakhulu kwabanye abantu, ikakhulukazi izinsana ezingaphansi konyaka owodwa kanye nalabo abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka (okusho ukuthi ikhono lemizimba yabo lokulwa nokugula liyancipha). Singaba nomthelela omkhulu nakubantu abanezinye izifo zokuphefumula.

Ziyini izimpawu zokukhwehlela okukhwehlelayo?

Uma ukukhwehlela okubuhlungu kuqala, kuzwakala sengathi umkhuhlane ojwayelekile. Ucabanga ukuthi, 'O, lokhu kumele kube umkhuhlane nje.' Kodwa kuthatha izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuthi isimo sangempela sicace.

Izimpawu ezibonakala ezinsukwini zokuqala

Izimpawu ezilandelayo zingabonakala esontweni lokuqala noma amabili:

• Ukukhishwa kwamanzi njalo esithweni sangasese sowesifazane
• Ukuthimula
• Ukukhwehlela okuncane kakhulu
• Umkhuhlane omncane (hhayi umkhuhlane ophezulu, ukugodola okuncane nje)

Kwenzekani uma ukukhwehlela kuba kubi kakhulu?

Ngemva kwesonto noma amabili, ukukhwehlela okwakukhona umntwana omncane kuba ukukhwehlela okukhulu okufika kudlule. Lokhu kukhwehlela kubi kangangokuthi ngezinye izikhathi kuba nzima ukuphefumula . Cabanga nje, ukukhwehlela imizuzu embalwa ngesikhathi, ngaphandle kokuba nesikhathi sokuphefumula.

• Ngalesi sikhathi, ubuso bomntwana bungase bube bomvu, ngezinye izikhathi bube nsomi , ngoba bunenkinga yokuphefumula.
• Uma uphefumula ngemva kokukhwehlela, ungase uzwe lowo msindo ohlukile 'wokubhonga' engikhulume ngawo ekuqaleni.
• Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlanza kungahambisana nokukhwehlela.

Kuthinta kanjani izinsana nezingane ezincane?

Esikhathini esiningi, izinsana nezingane ezincane ezingaphansi kweminyaka embalwa zizokwenza lowo msindo 'wokuklewula' ngalokhu kukhwehlela. Kodwa akuwona wonke umuntu owenza lokho. Ezinye izingane zizobukeka sengathi zinenkinga yokuphefumula. Ubuso bazo bungase bube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Into eyingozi kakhulu ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi ziyeka ukuphefumula isikhashana . Kwezokwelapha, lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi "i-apnea". Lesi yisimo esiyingozi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala.

Kuthiwani ngabancane nabadala?

Kubantu abadala kanye nezingane ezindala (ake sithi, ezineminyaka eyi-10-12 ubudala), lezi zimpawu zingase zihluke kancane. Zingase zibe nokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo, ngaphandle komsindo 'wokuklewula'. Kodwa khumbula, uma umuthi wokugomela ungathathwanga kahle, ungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu ngisho nakubantu abadala.

Wazi kanjani ukuthi unesiqiniseko sokuthi ukukhwehlela okubuhlungu?

Uma ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho inomkhuhlane wokuphefumula, kufanele ubonane nodokotela ngokushesha . Udokotela uzobuza ngezimpawu zengane yakho bese ezihlola.

• Ngokuvamile, isampula ye-mucus ithathwa ekhaleni nasemphinjeni bese ithunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze ihlolwe ukuthi ikhona yini i-Bordetella pertussis bacteria.
• Ngezinye izikhathi udokotela angase anqume ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye ne-X-ray yesifuba ukuze abone ukuthi amaphaphu athintekile yini noma ukuthi isimo esifana ne-pneumonia sesivele sikhona.

Iphathwa kanjani i-whooping cough?

Odokotela belapha ukukhwehlela okubuhlungu ngama -antibiotic . Le mithi isebenza kahle uma iqalwa ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo, ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukukhwehlela okukhulu. Lokhu kungasiza ekuvimbeleni lesi sifo ukuthi singabi sibi kakhulu. Kungasiza futhi ekunciphiseni ingozi yokusabalalisa lesi sifo kwabanye.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, uma kukhona emndenini wakho onesifo sokukhwehlela, qiniseka ukuthi ubuza udokotela wakho ukuthi badinga yini ukuthatha ama-antibiotic ukuvimbela ukusabalalisa lesi sifo kwamanye amalungu omndeni.

Ezinye izingane zidinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela ukuze zelashwe uma ziqala ukukhwehlela. Izinsana nezingane ezincane ikakhulukazi zilaliswa esibhedlela ngoba zinamathuba amaningi okuthola izinkinga ezinkulu, njenge-pneumonia.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezitholakala esibhedlela?

Kubantwana abancane, ikakhulukazi labo abangaphansi konyaka owodwa ubudala, ukukhwehlela okukhulu kungaba yingozi empilweni futhi kuvame ukudinga ukwelashwa esibhedlela. Nakhu abakwenzayo esibhedlela:

• Ulwelwesi kanye nolunye uketshezi kukhishwa ekhaleni lengane, emlonyeni, nasemphinjeni. Lokhu kungenziwa kusetshenziswa ithubhu elincane (i-catheter) noma i-syringe yebhalbhu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukumunca. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kuhlanzwe indlela yokuphefumula futhi kube lula ukuphefumula.
• Hlala unake ukuphefumula kwengane. Uma kudingeka, kungadingeka ukuthi unikeze umoya-mpilo, ikakhulukazi uma kuvela ukukhwehlela okukhulu.
• Uma ingane inezimpawu zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, okusho ukuthi ilahlekelwa amanzi emzimbeni wayo, noma inenkinga yokudla noma yokuphuza, kungase kudingeke ukuthi inikezwe uketshezi olufakwa emthanjeni (i-IV fluids) .
• Futhi, kuthathwa izinyathelo zokuphepha ezikhethekile ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwalesi sifo kwezinye iziguli, abasebenzi, kanye nezivakashi esibhedlela.

Ingabe ukukhwehlela okukhwehlelayo kuyathelelana?

Yebo, ukukhwehlela okukhwehlelayo kuyisifo esithathelwanayo kakhulu . Ibhaktheriya engikhulume ngalo (i-Bordetella pertussis) yiyo ebangela lokhu. Uyazi ukuthi kuthelelana kanjani?

Uma umuntu onesifo sokukhwehlela ekhwehlela, ethimula, noma ehleka, amabhaktheriya akhishwa endaweni ezungezile ngamaconsi amancane (njengamathe) aphuma ekhaleni nasemlonyeni wakhe. Uma-ke, uma umuntu ophilile ephefumula lowo moya, noma ethinta indawo engcoliswe yilawo maconsi bese ethinta ikhala noma umlomo wakhe ngesandla esifanayo, angangenwa yileli gciwane.

Ngokuvamile kuthatha cishe isonto elilodwa kuya kwamathathu ukuthi umuntu abe nezimpawu ngemuva kokuchayeka kuleli gciwane.

Amandla amakhulu okudlulisela lesi sifo asezigabeni zokuqala zokugula, okuphakathi kwamasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu okuqala ngemva kokuqala kokukhwehlela. Ngemva kokuqala ama-antibiotic, ikhono lokudlulisela lesi sifo kwabanye liyalahleka ngemva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu.

Ukukhwehlela okukhwehlelayo kuhlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Ukukhwehlela okukhulu kuvame ukuqala ngezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane. Kuhlala cishe isonto noma amabili. Bese kuba ukukhwehlela okukhulu. Lokhu kukhwehlela okukhulu kungahlala izinyanga ezintathu ! Cabanga ukuthi kunzima kangakanani lokho.

Esigabeni sokugcina, lapho ukukhwehlela kuncipha futhi izimpawu ziba ngcono, kungathatha amasonto amaningana ukuthi izimpawu ziphele ngokuphelele. Kwabanye abantwana, lesi sikhathi sokululama singahlala izinyanga. Yingakho abanye abantu besibiza ngokuthi 'ukukhwehlela kwezinsuku eziyi-100', kodwa akwenzeki kuwo wonke umuntu.

Abazali bangasiza kanjani?

Uma welapha ingane yakho ngenxa yokukhwehlela ekhaya, kufanele uyinike ama-antibiotic njengoba nje udokotela eyalile, futhi ungalibali ngisho nosuku olulodwa.

Unganiki imithi yokukhwehlela ngaphandle kokuthi kunconywe udokotela. Ikakhulukazi ungalokothi uyinike izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-4 ubudala. Ngoba ingabangela imiphumela emibi. Eqinisweni, imithi yokukhwehlela ayinciphisi ukukhwehlela ekukhwehleleni okubuhlungu. Ngoba lokhu kukhwehlela empeleni kuwumzamo womzimba wokuhlanza imigudu yomoya.

Ngesikhathi ingane yakho ilulama, yinike isikhathi esanele sokuphumula embhedeni. Ukusebenzisa i-cool-mist humidifier ekamelweni kungasiza ekuthokoziseni amaphaphu ayo abomvu, abuhlungu kanye nemigudu yokuphefumula. (Kodwa qiniseka ukuthi ulandela imiyalelo ngokucophelela mayelana nendlela yokugcina umshini uhlanzekile futhi ungenaso isikhunta.)

Gwema izinto ezisendlini ezingase zibangele ukukhwehlela. Isibonelo, gcina ingane yakho kude nezifutho ze-aerosol (njengezifutho zephunga), intuthu kagwayi, umusi wokupheka, kanye nentuthu evela ezitofini zokhuni.

Ngenxa yokuthi izingane ezikhwehlelayo zingase zihlanze lapho zikhwehlela noma zingazizwa sengathi ziyadla, ziphe ukudla okuncane, okuvamile kunokupha ukudla okukhulu ngesikhathi esisodwa. Futhi, nikeza ingane yakho uketshezi oluningi . Qaphela izimpawu zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni:

• Ukoma ngokweqile, ukucasuka, ukungahlaliseki, ukudinwa, amehlo acwile
• Umlomo nolimi olomile, umuzwa onamathelayo, isikhumba esomile
• Ngisho noma ukhala, izinyembezi ngeke ziphume.
• Ukwehla kokuchama kaningi (esimweni sezinsana ezincane, ukwehla kokuvama kokuchama okumanzi)

Ingabe ukukhwehlela okukhwehlelayo kungavinjelwa?

Yebo! Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukukhwehlela okungapheli kungavinjelwa. Okudingeka ukwenze nje ukuthola umuthi wokugomela i-pertussis . Lo muthi wokugomela uyingxenye yomjovo we-DTaP (i-diphtheria, i-tetanus, kanye ne-pertussis) esivame ukuwunikeza izingane zethu.

Iyini isheduli yokugoma?

Umuthi wokugomela i-DTaP uvame ukunikezwa ingane ngochungechunge lwemithamo emi-5 ngaphambi kokuba ifinyelele eminyakeni eyisithupha ubudala . Kodwa-ke, njengoba ukuzivikela okuhlinzekwa yilo muthi wokugomela kungase kunciphe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umjovo wokuqinisa (i-Tdap) wokukhwehlela okukhwehlelayo unikezwa izingane eziphakathi kweminyaka eyi-11 neyi-12 njengesilinganiso esengeziwe sokuvikela.

Kubalulekile kubantu abasha kanye nabantu abadala ukuthola umjovo wokukhulisa izingane uma bengakawutholi. Futhi, abesifazane abakhulelwe bayanconywa ukuthi bathole umjovo we-Tdap phakathi nekota yesibili yokukhulelwa ngakunye ukuze bavikele izingane zabo ezisanda kuzalwa. Ngemva kwalokho, kunconywa umjovo wokukhulisa izingane njalo eminyakeni eyi-10 ye-diphtheria kanye ne-tetanus. Ngaleso sikhathi, kufanele ubuze udokotela wakho ukuthi umjovo wokukhulisa izingane kufanele yini uhlanganise nokukhwehlela.

Ukuthola lo muthi wokugomela kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abaseduze nezingane ezincane , ngoba ukukhwehlela okungapheli kungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu, ngezinye izikhathi ezisongela impilo, enganeni. Ngenxa yokuthi amasosha omzimba abantu abadala ekukhwehleleni okungapheli ayancipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuthola umuthi wokugomela kungasiza nasekuvikeleni izingane zabo kanye nezingane ezindala kulesi sifo.

Njengazo zonke izinhlelo zokugoma, kungase kube nezimo ezikhethekile kanye nokucatshangelwa. Udokotela wakho nguyena onolwazi lwakamuva ngalokhu.

Abantu abahlala noma abasondelene nomuntu onesifo sokukhwehlela, noma ngabe bake bagonyelwa isifo sokukhwehlela, kufanele bathathe ama-antibiotic ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwalesi sifo . Futhi, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngalokhu.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho inomkhuhlane wokuphefumula, noma ibilokhu isondelene nomuntu onesifo sokuphefumula,Ngisho noma ingane isike yathola yonke imijovo yokugomela i-pertussis enconyiwe ngaphambilini, bona udokotela ngokushesha.

Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma ingane yakho ikhwehlela njalo futhi ihambisana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Uma isikhumba noma izindebe zengane ziphenduka zibe bomvu, zibe nsomi, noma zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngenxa yokukhwehlela.
• Uma ingane ihlanza ngemva kokukhwehlela.
• Uma uzwa lowo msindo othi 'whoop' ngemva kokukhwehlela.

Kufanele ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha ezimweni ezilandelayo:

• Uma ingane inenkinga yokuphefumula .
• Uma ukuphefumula kwengane kuyeka isikhashana (`(apnea)`).
• Uma ingane ikhathele kakhulu futhi ilala.
• Uma ubonisa izimpawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.

Umyalezo Wokugcina Wokuya Nasekhaya

Ukukhwehlela okukhwehlelayo kuyisifo esingaba yingozi, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane. Kodwa-ke, uma siqaphela ngakho, sigonywe ngesikhathi, futhi sifune iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha nje lapho kuvela izimpawu, singavikela izingane zethu kulesi sifo esicasulayo.

• Ukugoma kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvikela. Qiniseka ukuthi ingane yakho ithole yonke imijovo edingekayo ngesikhathi. Omama abakhulelwe kanye nabantu abadala abaseduze nezingane kufanele bacabangele ukuthola i-whooping cough booster.
• Qaphela izimpawu. Ngisho noma kuqala njengomkhuhlane ovamile, uma ukukhwehlela kuba kubi kakhulu, noma uma uzwa umsindo 'wokuklewula', bheka udokotela ngokushesha.
• Landela imiyalelo kadokotela ngqo. Nikeza ama-antibiotic isikhathi esiphelele esinqunyiwe.
• Siza ekuvimbeleni ukusabalala kwalesi sifo. Uma othile emndenini wakho ethola ukukhwehlela okukhwehlelayo, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezinyathelo ongazithatha ukuze uvimbele ukusabalala kwaso kwabanye.

Khumbula, ukunakekelwa kwakho kanye nesinyathelo esisheshayo yizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu empilweni yengane yakho.

Ukukhwehlela okubi , i-Pertussis, Izifo ezithelelanayo, Ukukhwehlela kwezingane, Ukugoma, i-DTaP, i-Tdap