Izinto okudingeka uzazi nge-Diphtheria!

Wake waba nomphimbo obuhlungu kakhulu, ubunzima bokuphefumula, futhi uzizwa ubuthakathaka? Mhlawumbe intamo yakho ivuvukele... Lezi akuzona nje izimpawu zomkhuhlane. Zingaba umphumela walesi sifo esiyingozi esibizwa ngokuthi i-Diphtheria . Esikhathini esidlule, lokhu kwakuyisifo esiwumshayabhuqe esibulalayo. Nakuba besilokhu silawulwa kakhulu ngenxa yemigomo, kusabalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu. Ngakho-ke, namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalokho okudingeka ukwazi nge-Diphtheria.

Iyini ngempela i-diphtheria?

Kalula nje, i-diphtheria iyisifo esithathelwanayo . Ibangelwa igciwane elibizwa ngokuthi i-Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Uma leli gciwane lingena emizimbeni yethu, likhiqiza ubuthi . Lobo buthi yibo obubangela zonke izinkinga. Lobu buthi bubangela ukwakheka koqweqwe olumpunga nolujiyile emphinjeni wakho. Empeleni luyiqoqo lezicubu ezifile. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukugwinya futhi kwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula.

Ngezinye izikhathi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezifudumele, umuntu one-diphtheria angase abe nezilonda zesikhumba. Lezi zilonda zingase zingapholi futhi zingase zimbozwe ulwelwesi olumpunga. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-cutaneous diphtheria . Lesi simo singase senzeke nakubantu abahlala ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi ezingenazo izinsiza zokuhlanzeka.

Ake sibheke umlando kanye nesimo samanje se-diphtheria.

Esikhathini esidlule, okungukuthi, cishe ngawo-1920, i-diphtheria yayiyimbangela enkulu yobhubhane emazweni afana neMelika. Amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu athola lesi sifo futhi abaningi bafa. Kodwa manje isimo sihlukile . Ngenxa yokuthuthuka kwezinga lokuphila kanye nokuphathwa okuhlelekile komjovo we-diphtheria, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni, lesi sifo siye salawulwa kakhulu.

Kodwa-ke, kunezinye izizwe emhlabeni lapho ukugoma kungenziwa khona ngendlela efanele. I-Diphtheria isabonakala emazweni anjalo. Isibonelo, ezindaweni ezifana ne-Asia, izingxenye zase-Afrika, kanye neMpumalanga Yurophu, lesi sifo sisakhona ngezinga elithile. Lokho kusho ukuthi asikwazi ukukhululeka ngokuphelele ekwesabeni . Ngoba umuntu angathola isifo noma kuphi emhlabeni.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-diphtheria?

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-diphtheria.

• I-diphtheria yokuphefumula yakudala : Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Njengoba igama lisho, luthinta uhlelo lokuphefumula. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lungathinta ikhala, umphimbo, amathonsi, noma i-larynx . Izimpawu zingahluka kuye ngokuthi i-membrane ikuphi. Abanye abantu bayibiza nangokuthi i-pharyngeal diphtheria .
• I-cutaneous diphtheria : Lokhu akuvamile. Kubangela izilonda zesikhumba, izilonda, noma amabhamuza.Lokhu kungavela noma kuphi emzimbeni. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, lolu hlobo luvame kakhulu emazweni ashisayo, ezimweni ezingezinhle zokuhlanzeka, nasezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi.

Siyithola kanjani i-diphtheria?

Leli iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu. Kunezindlela eziningana eziyinhloko zokudlulisela i-diphtheria:

• Ngamaconsi aphuma emoyeni: Uma umuntu onegciwane ethimula, ekhwehlela, noma ekhafula, amaconsi amancane aqukethe amagciwane akhishwa emoyeni. Uma umuntu ophilile ephefumula lowo moya, lesi sifo singadluliselwa.
• Ngokuthinta: Uma umuntu ophilile ethinta into engcoliswe amagciwane (isib. ithoyizi, isibambo somnyango) bese ethinta ikhala, umlomo, noma amehlo akhe ngaleso sandla, angangenwa yileli gciwane.
• Ngezilonda ezithelelekile: Kungasakazeka uma omunye umuntu ethinta inxeba elivulekile lomuntu onegciwane, noma uma ethinta izinto ezifana nezingubo ezigqokwe yilowo muntu.

Futhi, khumbula, ngoba nje wake waba ne-diphtheria kanye, ungacabangi ukuthi ngeke iphinde yenzeke. Ingaphinde yenzeke.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-diphtheria?

Impendulo elula iwukuthi noma ubani ongavikelwe yilo muthi wokugoma futhi osondelene nomuntu one-diphtheria angathola lesi sifo. Yingakho ukugoma kubaluleke kangaka.

Uyazi ukuthi ziyini izimpawu ze-diphtheria?

Kunezimpawu eziningana ezibonakala uma uba ne-diphtheria. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzazi lezi.

• Umphimbo obuhlungu: Lolu uphawu oluyinhloko.
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele futhi ukhathele: Ungase uzizwe ukhathele kakhulu kangangokuthi awukwazi ukwenza lutho.
• Umkhuhlane: Umzimba uyashisa futhi ushise.
• Ama-lymph node avuvukele entanyeni: Avuvukele njengezigaxa entanyeni.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula: Ifilimu empunga eyakheka emphinjeni ivimba ikhala nomphimbo, okwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula.
• Ubunzima bokugwinya (dysphagia): Ubunzima bokugwinya hhayi ukudla kuphela, kodwa ngisho namanzi.
• Isifo sezinzwa, sezinso, noma senhliziyo: Into eyingozi kakhulu ukuthi uma ubuthi obukhiqizwa yibhaktheriya bungena egazini, bungalimaza uhlelo lwezinzwa, izinso, noma inhliziyo.

Ngokuvamile, izimpawu ziqala ukuvela zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezinhlanu zokutheleleka, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungathatha noma yikuphi kusukela osukwini olulodwa kuya kweziyishumi.

Yini ebangela i-diphtheria?

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, imbangela eyinhloko yalokhu yigciwane i-Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Leli gciwane linamathela ezithweni zohlelo lwethu lokuphefumula (ezindaweni ezifana nomphimbo nekhala) futhi likhiqize ubuthi lapho. Lobu buthi bubangela ukuba amangqamuzana ohlelweni lokuphefumula afe. ​​Phakathi nezinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu, lesi zicubu ezifile ziyaqoqana ukuze zakhe ulwelwesi olujiyile nolumpunga.Lokhu kwakheka kungavimba umphimbo, impumulo, amathonsi kanye ne-larynx, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuphefumula nokugwinya.

Ingabe i-diphtheria iyisifo esithathelwanayo?

Yebo, impela! I-Diphtheria yisifo esithathelwanayo kakhulu, yingakho iziguli ezinegciwane zigcinwa zodwa kwabanye.

Udokotela uyixilonga kanjani i-diphtheria?

Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ngokuqinisekile ukuthi une-diphtheria ngokubheka izimpawu zakho nokwenza ukuhlolwa kwelebhu. Uzothatha i- swab ngemuva komphimbo wakho noma esilondeni esikhumbeni sakho. I-swab izothunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze ihlole.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-diphtheria?

Ukwelashwa kwe-diphtheria kuqala ngokushesha kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukwelashwa kuqala ngaphambi kokuba imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwelebhu ifike. Ngoba uma iphuza isikhathi eside, ingozi iba nkulu.

Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwelapha:

1. I-antitoxin ye-diphtheria: Lokhu kunikezwa ukuvimba umonakalo ezithweni zomzimba wethu (njengenhliziyo kanye nemizwa) obangelwa ubuthi obukhiqizwa yibhaktheriya.

2. Ama-antibiotic: Ama-antibiotic anikezwa ukulwa nokutheleleka ngamagciwane. Imithi evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu yi -penicillin noma i-erythromycin .

Umuntu one-diphtheria ugcinwa ekamelweni elihlukile (ukuhlukaniswa) ukuvimbela lesi sifo ukuthi singasabalali kwabanye. Amandla okusabalalisa lesi sifo ancipha kakhulu ngemva kwamahora angaba ngu-48 okuqala ama-antibiotic. Ngemva kwesikhathi sokwelashwa sesiphelile, kwenziwa izivivinyo futhi ukuze kubonakale ukuthi amabhaktheriya aphelile yini ngokuphelele. Uma amabhaktheriya esephelile, kunikezwa umuthi wokugomela ukuvimbela i-diphtheria ukuthi ingaphinde yenzeke esikhathini esizayo.

Yiziphi izinkinga eziyingozi ezingaba khona ngenxa ye-diphtheria?

I-Diphtheria akuyona isifo okufanele sidlalwe ngaso. Uma ingelashwa kahle, noma ngisho noma ingelashwa, ingaholela ezinkingeni zesikhathi eside.

• Ukuvaleka komoya: Ulwelwesi olwakheka emphinjeni lungenza kube nzima ukuphefumula.
• Ukulimala kwemisipha yenhliziyo (myocarditis): Ubuthi bungalimaza imisipha yenhliziyo.
• Ukulimala kwemizwa (i-neuropathy): Lokhu kungabangela izinkinga ezahlukahlukene zemizwa.
• Ukungabi nampilo, ukozela.
• Ukukhubazeka: Kwezinye izimo, izingxenye zomzimba zingase zikhubazeke.
• Ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu noma ukungasebenzi kahle kwamaphaphu.

Kungenxa yokuthi kungenzeka kube nezimo eziyingozi kangaka ukuthi sidinga ukukhathazeka kakhulu nge-diphtheria.

Ingabe ikhona indlela yokuzivikela ku-diphtheria?

Yebo impela! Indlela engcono kakhulu futhi okuwukuphela kwayo ukugoma.

Umuthi wokugomela i-Diphtheria unikezwa izingane njengengxenye yoHlelo Lukazwelonke Lokugoma eSri Lanka. Le mijovo ayivikeli nje kuphela i-diphtheria kodwa nezinye izifo eziyingozi ezifana nokukhwehlela (i-pertussis) kanye ne-tetanus (le mijovo inikezwa njengemijovo ehlanganisiwe njenge-DTP, i-DTaP, kanye ne-Tdap).

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqedela uchungechunge lokugoma ngesikhathi sobuntwana nokuthola imijovo yokuqinisa ngezikhathi ezifanele.

Ngemva kokunikezwa umuthi wokugomela, ngezinye izikhathi ungase ube nomkhuhlane omncane, futhi indawo yomjovo ingaba bomvu futhi ibe buhlungu. Kodwa lokhu kuyimiphumela emibi evamile, emincane. Ukusabela okukhulu kokungezwani komzimba akuvamile.

Yini ongayilindela uma uthola i-diphtheria?

Kukhona ukwelashwa kwe-diphtheria, futhi kuyasebenza. Kodwa, ngisho noma kwelashwa, cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabayishumi othola i-diphtheria uzofa. Cabanga nje, uma ingelashwa, oyedwa kwababili oyitholayo uzofa. Ungabona ukuthi lokhu kuyingozi kangakanani, akunjalo?

Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu ukugonywa nokuzivikela kulesi sifo. Uma unokungabaza ngokuthi wena noma izingane zakho nigonywe ngendlela efanele, qiniseka ukuthi uthintana nodokotela ukuze uthole iseluleko.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama kwi-diphtheria?

Ngokuvamile kuthatha amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu ukuthi umuntu one-diphtheria alulame ekwelashweni. Kodwa-ke, uma kukhona izilonda zesikhumba (i-cutaneous diphtheria), zingathatha izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezintathu ukuphola ngokuphelele. Izilonda zingase zishiye nezibazi.

Ingabe i-diphtheria iyisifo esingelapheka ngokuphelele?

Yebo. Uma ukwelashwa kuqalwe kusenesikhathi, okungukuthi, ngokushesha nje lapho kuvela izimpawu, i-diphtheria ingalawulwa ngempumelelo futhi yelashwe nge -antitoxin kanye nama-antibiotic . Kodwa-ke, kungcono nakakhulu ukuvimbela lesi sifo ukuthi singakhuli ngokuphelele ngokugonywa.

Kunini lapho udinga ukubonana nodokotela ngokushesha?

Udinga ukuqaphela kakhulu ngalezi zinto:

• Uma wena noma othile emndenini wakho eke waxhumana nomuntu onegciwane le-diphtheria , xhumana nodokotela ngokushesha.
• Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi uwutholile yini umuthi wokugomela i-diphtheria noma cha, noma uma imijovo yakho isesikhathini , bona udokotela ngokushesha okukhulu ukuze uxoxe ngalokhu.

Ingemuva lomphimbo wami limpunga. Ingabe yi-diphtheria?

Uma ubona indawo empunga ngemuva komphimbo wakho, ungesabi bese ucabanga ukuthi yi-diphtheria. Kunezinye izimbangela zamabala ampunga emphinjeni wakho. Isibonelo, ukutheleleka okuvamile komphimbo obukhali (i-acute pharyngitis) nomaLokhu kungenzeka nasezimweni ze -tonsillitis .

Ngakho-ke, uma unamabala ampunga emphinjeni wakho, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukubonana nodokotela ukuze uthole imbangela eqondile bese uthola uhlelo lokwelashwa olufanele wena.

Okokugcina, izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka sizikhumbule

Kulungile, ngakho-ke sesikhulume kakhulu nge-diphtheria. Udinga ukukhumbula lezi zinto:

• I-Diphtheria iyisifo esibi kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi esisongela ukuphila.
• Ukwelashwa ngokushesha kubalulekile kulesi sifo. Uma siqhubeka isikhathi eside, ingozi iba nkulu.
• Ukugoma kuyindlela engcono kakhulu newukuphela kwayo yokuvikela i-diphtheria.
• Njalo qiniseka ukuthi imijovo yakho neyezingane zakho ivuselelwe. Uma ungabaza, bona udokotela womndeni wakho ngokushesha.

Ukuze uhlale uphilile, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela izinto ezinjengalezi!

I- Diphtheria, umphimbo obuhlungu, izinkinga zokuphefumula, ukugoma, ukutheleleka ngamagciwane, izifo ezithelelanayo, i-Corynebacterium diphtheriae