Ingabe ingane yakho inalezi zimpawu? Ake sixoxe nge-Down Syndrome

Wake waphawula ukuthi ezinye izingane ziziphatha ngendlela ehlukile kunezinye, futhi ukubukeka kwazo kuhlukile kancane? Mhlawumbe nawe uke wacabanga ngendlela efanayo ngomntwana wakho. Ngezikhathi ezinjalo, umbuzo owodwa ofika engqondweni yethu uthi, "Kuyini lokhu?" Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimo esidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile, okuyi-Down Syndrome. Ungakhathazeki, sizokhuluma ngalokhu kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.

Kuyini i-Down Syndrome? Kalula nje...

I-Down Syndrome yisimo sofuzo. Okusho ukuthi, ibangelwa yi -chromosome eyengeziwe emzimbeni wengane lapho izalwa. Manje ungase uzibuze ukuthi ayini la ma-chromosome. Ngaphakathi kwamaseli amancane emizimbeni yethu, kunezinto ezibukeka njengezintambo ezincane. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi ama-chromosome. Lokhu yikho okunquma izinto eziningi ngokubukeka kwethu, ukuphakama, umbala, kanye namakhono ethu.

Ngokuvamile, sonke sinezimbili zala ma-chromosome angu-23 kuseli ngalinye. Lokho kungama-chromosome angu-46 esewonke. Kodwa-ke, umntwana one-Down syndrome unekhophi eyengeziwe ye-chromosome 21, okusho enye eyengeziwe. Bese inani eliphelele lama-chromosome emaseli akhe liba ngu-47. Kungenxa yale chromosome eyengeziwe ukuthi ubuchopho nomzimba wengane kukhula ngendlela ehlukile kancane.

Ubani ongaba ne-Down Syndrome?

I-Down syndrome ingathinta noma ubani. Iwufuzo futhi ayibangelwa yinoma yini eyenziwa umama noma ubaba ngaphambi noma ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Esikhathini esiningi, kwenzeka ngokungahleliwe, okusho ukuthi izenzekela yodwa. Ngokuvamile idluliselwa kusuka kwesinye isizukulwane kuya kwesinye lapho iqanda nesidoda kuhlangana.

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi ze-Down Syndrome?

Lokhu kusacwaningwa. Kodwa-ke, izifundo zibonise ukuthi ingozi yokuba nomntwana one-Down syndrome inganda kancane njengoba umama ekhula . Omama abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-35 banamathuba amaningi okuthola umntwana one-Down syndrome noma ezinye izimo zofuzo.

Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi omama abasebancane ababi nalesi simo. Ngenxa yokuthi izinga lokuzala liphezulu komama abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-35, iningi lezingane ezine-Down syndrome empeleni lizalwa omama abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-35. Ngakho-ke, ubudala akuyona yodwa into ebangela lokhu.

Ivame kangakanani i-Down Syndrome?

Uma kuqhathaniswa namazwe afana neMelika, i-Down Syndrome iyisimo esivamile se-chromosome. Cishe izingane ezingu-6,000 zizalwa nalesi simo minyaka yonke lapho. Lokho kusho ukuthi cishe eyodwa kwezingu-700 ezizalwayo ingaba nalesi simo. Kukhona nezingane ezinalesi simo eSri Lanka, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.

Yiziphi izimpawu zomntwana one-Down Syndrome?

I-Down syndrome ingabangela izimpawu zomzimba, zengqondo, kanye nokuziphatha. Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke umntwana onazo zonke lezi zimpawu, futhi uhlobo lwezimpawu lungahluka kuye ngengane.

Izici zomzimba (izinguquko ekubukekeni)

Lezi zimpawu zivame ukubonakala ekuzalweni, futhi zingase zibonakale kakhulu njengoba umntwana ekhula.

• Ibhuloho laseNahe liyisicaba kancane .
• Amehlo abonakala sengathi abheke phezulu .
• Intamo imfushane kancane .
• Izindlebe, izandla, nezinyawo zincane kunokujwayelekile .
• Ukuba nobuthakathaka bemisipha (ukushwabana kwemisipha) ngesikhathi sokuzalwa.
• Umunwe omncane wesandla uthambekele ngaphakathi (ngasesithupheni) .
• Ukuba khona komugqa owodwa ojulile entendeni yesandla (ukugoba kwesundu).
• Ukuba ngaphansi kokuphakama okujwayelekile .

Njengoba ingane yakho ikhula, kungase kuvele izimpawu ezengeziwe ngenxa yendlela umzimba wayo owakhula ngayo ngesikhathi isesibelethweni. Isibonelo:

• Ukutheleleka kwendlebe noma ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa.
• Izinkinga zokubona noma izifo zamehlo .
• Izinkinga zamazinyo .
• Ukuthambekela okuphezulu kokuhlushwa izifo noma izifo ezivame ukwenzeka.
• I-obstructive sleep apnea, isimo lapho ukuphefumula kuyeka khona ngesikhathi sokulala.
• Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso .

Udokotela wakho uzohlola njalo izimo ezinjengalezi.

Izici zobuhlakani kanye nentuthuko

Ingane yakho ene-Down syndrome ingase ibe nezinselele ezithile ekukhuleni kwengqondo ngenxa ye-chromosome eyengeziwe. Lokhu kungaholela ekukhubazekeni kwengqondo noma ekukhuleni . Ingane yakho ingase ingakwazi ukwenza izinto okudingeka izenze eminyakeni ethile, okungukuthi, ingase ingafinyeleli ezigabeni zokukhula ngesivinini esifanayo nezinye izingane. Isibonelo:

• Ukuhamba nokuhamba (amakhono amakhulu futhi amahle okunyakaza).
• Ukukhuluma (amakhono okuthuthukisa ulimi).
• Ukufunda (amakhono okuqonda).
• Ukudlala (amakhono okuxhumana nabantu kanye nangokomzwelo).

Ngenxa yalokhu, kungathatha ingane yakho isikhathi eside ukwenza lezi zinto:

• Ukuqeqeshwa kwendlu yangasese.
• Ekhuluma amazwi okuqala.
• Ukuthatha isinyathelo sokuqala.
• Ukudla wedwa.

Cabanga ngakho, ezinye izingane zihamba ngonyaka owodwa, ezinye zineminyaka eyodwa nesigamu. Ingane ene-Down syndrome ingase ingaqali ukuhamba ize ibe neminyaka emibili ubudala. Lokhu kuyingxenye yemvelo yokukhula kwayo.

Izici zokuziphatha

Ingane ene-Down syndrome ingase ibonise izici ezithile zokuziphatha. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yokuthi ayikwazi ukuveza izidingo zayo ngokucacile kuwe noma kubanakekeli bayo. Ungase ubone lezi zici:

• Ukuqina kanye nokucasuka .
• Ubunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo .
• Ukuziphatha okuphoqelekile noma okuphoqelelayo kuwukuthambekela kokuba umlutha ngokweqile ezintweni ezithile noma ukuphinda izinto ezifanayo .

Yini ebangela i-Down Syndrome?

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, imbangela eyinhloko ye-Down syndrome ukuba khona kwe -chromosome eyengeziwe . Ngokukhethekile, ibangelwa ushintsho endleleni amaseli ahlukana ngayo ku-chromosome 21. Wonke umuntu one-Down syndrome une-chromosome eyengeziwe 21 kwamanye noma kuwo wonke amaseli akhe.

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-Down syndrome, ngayinye enezimbangela ezahlukene.

• I-Trisomy 21 `(Trisomy 21)`
• Ukuthutha
• Ubuciko bokubumba

Iyini i-Trisomy 21?

Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-Down Syndrome. "I-Trisomy" isho ukuba nekhophi eyengeziwe ye-chromosome. Ku-Trisomy 21, iseli ngalinye esibelethweni esisakhula linamakhophi amathathu e-chromosome 21. Ngokuvamile, kunezinhlobo ezimbili kuphela. Lolu hlobo lubalelwa ku-95% wabantu abane-Down Syndrome.

Iyini i-Translocation Down syndrome?

Kulolu hlobo, yonke noma ingxenye ye-chromosome 21 inamathele kwenye i-chromosome. Ngokungafani ne-trisomy 21, lapho esikhundleni sokuba nekhophi eyengeziwe ye-chromosome 21 ngokwayo, inamathele kwi-chromosome yenombolo ehlukile. Lolu hlobo lubonakala kubantu abangaphansi kuka-4% abane-Down syndrome.

Iyini i-Mosaic Down syndrome?

Lolu uhlobo olungavamile kakhulu lwe-Down Syndrome. Luvela ngaphansi kwe-1% yazo zonke izimo. I-"Mosaicism" isho ukuthi amanye amaseli anama-chromosome ajwayelekile angu-46, kanti amanye anama-chromosome angu-47 (kufaka phakathi i-chromosome eyengeziwe engu-21). Ibukeka njenge-mosaic eyenziwe ngamatshe anemibala ehlukene. Yingakho ibizwa ngokuthi i-mosaic.

I-Down Syndrome ingatholakala kanjani ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe?

Ezinye izivivinyo ezenziwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa zingase ziphakamise izinsolo kodokotela mayelana ne-Down syndrome. Ezinye izivivinyo zingaqinisekisa nesimo.

Ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha

Lezi zivivinyo zibheka kuphela ukuthi ingane yakho isengozini yokuba ne-Down syndrome. Azikwazi ukuqinisekisa .Lokhu kungafaka ukuhlolwa kwegazi noma ukuskenwa kukamama nge-ultrasound. Ngesikhathi sokuskenwa, udokotela ubheka izimpawu zokuthi kukhona uketshezi olwengeziwe ngemuva kwentamo yengane. Ngezinye izikhathi, noma ngabe lokhu kuhlolwa kokuqala kujwayelekile, ingane ingaba ne-Down syndrome.

Ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa

Lezi zivivinyo zingaqinisekisa i-Down Syndrome. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa uma izivivinyo zokuhlola ezishiwo ngenhla zibonisa ukuthi kukhona ingozi. Njengoba lezi zivivinyo zingaba yingozi encane kumama kanye nomntwana osesiswini, udokotela uzincoma kuphela ngemva kokuzicabangela ngokucophelela. Izibonelo:

• I-Amniocentesis: Ukuhlolwa okuhilela ukuthatha inani elincane loketshezi oluzungeze ingane.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Chorionic villus (CVS): Inqubo lapho kuthathwa khona ingxenye encane ye-placenta bese ihlolwa.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okubizwa nge-Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS): Ukuhlolwa okuhilela ukuthatha igazi elincane elivela entanyeni.

Lezi zivivinyo zingabona ngokunembile izinguquko kuma-chromosome.

Itholakala kanjani i-Down Syndrome ngemva kokuzalwa komntwana?

Ngemva kokuzalwa kwengane, odokotela bahlola ingane ukuze babone izimpawu zomzimba okukhulunywe ngazo ngaphambili. Ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, kukhona ukuhlolwa okukhethekile okuthatha igazi lengane, okubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-karyotype . Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha isampula yegazi lengane bese ulibheka ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze babone ukuthi ingane inayo yini i-chromosome eyengeziwe engama-21.

Yini oyenzayo uma uthola ukuthi ingane yakho esibelethweni ine-Down Syndrome?

Ukuthola ukuthi ingane yakho ine-Down syndrome kungaba yisinqumo esinzima kakhulu. Kodwa khumbula ukuthi awuwedwa. Udokotela wakho uzokwazi ukukusiza ukuthola izinsiza, izinsizakalo zokwelulekwa, kanye namaqembu okusekela owadingayo.

Ngezikhathi ezinjengalezi, kuyasiza kakhulu ukuthola ukwelulekwa, noma ukujoyina iqembu lokusekelana lapho abanye abazali bezingane ezine-Down syndrome behlangana khona. Lapho, ungabelana ngolwazi lwabo, uthole iseluleko esiwusizo, futhi uthole amandla. Kufana nokuthi uma kunenkinga edolobhaneni lethu, wonke umuntu uyahlangana ukuze asize.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-Down Syndrome?

Akukho ukwelashwa kwe-Down Syndrome. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha nokusekela okutholakalayo ukusiza ingane yakho ikhule ngokugcwele futhi iphile impilo ejabulisayo. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zenzelwe ukusiza intuthuko yomzimba neyengqondo yengane. Izibonelo zifaka:

• Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba noma ukwelashwa ngokomsebenzi .
• Ukwelashwa ngenkulumo.
• EsikoleniUkubamba iqhaza ezinhlelweni zemfundo ekhethekile.
• Ukwelapha ezinye izimo zezokwelapha eziyisisekelo .
• Ukugqoka izibuko zezinkinga zokubona noma ukusebenzisa amadivayisi okuzwa asizwayo kubantu abanenkinga yokuzwa.

Ubani okufanele abe seqenjini lokunakekela ingane yami?

Uma ingane yakho ine-Down syndrome, kuzodingeka ibone ochwepheshe abahlukahlukene ukuze iqinisekise ukuthi iphilile. Leli thimba lingafaka:

• Abahlinzeki bokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo : Nakekela ukukhula kwengane yakho, intuthuko yayo, imijovo kanye nezinkinga zempilo ezijwayelekile.
• Odokotela abangochwepheshe ngokwezidingo zengane: Isibonelo, udokotela wenhliziyo, isazi se-endocrinologist, isazi sezakhi zofuzo, kanye nesazi se-otolaryngologist.
• Abelaphi benkulumo : Siza ingane ukuthi ikhulume.
• Abelaphi bomzimba : Qinisa imisipha futhi uthuthukise amakhono okunyakaza.
• Abelaphi bezemisebenzi: Thuthukisa amakhono adingekayo ukuze wenze imisebenzi yansuku zonke kalula.
• Abelaphi bokuziphatha: Siza ekuphatheni izinselele ezingokomzwelo ezihambisana ne-Down syndrome.

Yiziphi ezinye izimo zempilo ezingahlotshaniswa ne-Down Syndrome?

Abantu abane-Down syndrome bangase babe nezinye izimo zempilo eziba khona lapho bezalwa noma zikhule ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Udokotela angakusiza wena nomntwana wakho ukuba nibhekane nalezi zimo. Izimo ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• Izinkinga zenhliziyo .
• Ukukhubazeka kwe-thyroid .
• Izinkinga zesistimu yokugaya ukudla : ukuqunjelwa, i-gastroesophageal reflux, kanye nesifo se-celiac.
• I-Autism : Izinselele ezihlobene namakhono okuxhumana nabantu, ukuxhumana, kanye nokuziphatha okuphindaphindiwe.
• Isifo se-Alzheimer's (njengoba ukhula).

Ingabe abantu abane-Down syndrome basengozini enkulu yokuthola isifo i-Alzheimer's?

Yebo, abantu abane-Down syndrome basengozini enkulu yokuthola isifo i-Alzheimer's njengoba bekhula. Izifundo zibonise ukuthi cishe abantu abangu-30% abane-Down syndrome abaseminyakeni yabo-50 kanye nabantu abangu-50% abaseminyakeni yabo-60 bangase babe nalesi sifo.

Kuthiwa i-chromosome eyengeziwe engu-21 iyimbangela yale ngozi ekhulayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izakhi zofuzo eziku-chromosome engu-21 zikhiqiza iphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-amyloid precursor protein, ebangela izinguquko ezibonakala ebuchosheni beziguli ezine-Alzheimer's.

Ingabe i-Down Syndrome ingavinjelwa?

I-Down syndrome iyisimo sofuzo, ngakho-ke asinakuvinjelwa . Uma ufuna ukwazi ingozi yakho yokuba nengane enalesi simo, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokwelulekwa ngofuzo.

Yini okufanele uyilindele uma unengane ene-Down Syndrome?

Ngokusekelwa nothando olufanele, izingane ezine-Down syndrome zingaphila impilo ejabulisayo nenempilo . Ukwelashwa kanye nokwelashwa kungabasiza ukuba banqobe izigaba zokukhula, bafunde nezinye izingane ezingontanga yabo, bakhe ubungane, futhi babe nemisebenzi ephumelelayo.

Kunamaqembu amaningi nezinsiza zokusiza abazali, imindeni, kanye nabanakekeli.

Ingabe ikhona ikhambi le-Down Syndrome?

Cha. I-Down syndrome iyisimo esihlala isikhathi eside futhi ayikho ikhambi . Kodwa-ke, izimpawu zingalawulwa, futhi kunezindlela zokwelapha ezinye izimo zempilo ezingase zibe khona.

Iyini isikhathi sokuphila kwabantu abane-Down Syndrome?

Namuhla, isilinganiso sokuphila komuntu one-Down syndrome siyiminyaka engama-60 noma ngaphezulu . Bangase badinge ukwesekwa nokunakekelwa okuthile kukho konke ukuphila kwabo.

Yiziphi izinsiza ezitholakalayo kubantu abane-Down syndrome kanye nemindeni yabo?

Kunezinsiza eziningi zokusiza abantu abane-Down syndrome kanye nemindeni yabo. Imindeni eminingi ijoyina amaqembu okusekela i-Down syndrome ukuze babelane ngolwazi lwabo futhi baxoxe ngezindlela zokusiza izingane zabo ziphile impilo enempilo neyanelisayo.

Abantu abane-Down Syndrome bangadinga ukwesekwa kukho konke ukuphila kwabo. Ngaphezu kokwelashwa, bangadinga nosizo ngezinto ezifana nemfundo, umsebenzi, kanye nokuphila ngokuzimela. Kunezinhlangano ezahlukahlukene ezinikeza ulwazi namandla kulaba bantu kanye nemindeni yabo. Kunezinhlangano nezinhlelo ezifanayo eSri Lanka, ngakho ungazibheka.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

• Uma ngisola ukuthi nginesifo i-Down Syndrome, ngingakulungiselela kanjani ukuzalwa komntwana wami?
• Ngingayisekela kanjani ingane yami?
• Ungakwazi yini ukuncoma noma yiziphi izinsiza ezingaba usizo emindenini?
• Ubani okufanele abe seqenjini lokunakekela ingane yami?

Ingabe abantu abane-Down Syndrome bangaba nezingane?

Yebo, abantu abane-Down Syndrome bangaba nezingane. Cishe ama-50% abesifazane bayakwazi ukuba nezingane. Amadoda angase abe nokuzala okunciphile. Kumama one-Down Syndrome, ingozi yokudlulisela lesi simo sofuzo ezinganeni zakhe iphakathi kwama-35% nama-50%.

Kuvamile ukuzizwa ukhungathekile uma uthola ukuthi ingane yakho ine-Down syndrome. Njengoba uzama ukubhekana nezindaba, khumbula ukuthi awuwedwa nokuthi i-chromosome eyengeziwe yengane yakho iyingxenye yobuntu bayo. Ungathola ukwesekwa eqenjini lezokwelapha lengane yakho, noma emndenini kanye namaqembu abanakekeli ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngalesi simo futhi usize ingane yakho ichume.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka sizikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-Down Syndrome akuyona into okufanele uyesabe, kubalulekile ukuba nolwazi olufanele ngayo.

• Lesi yisimo sofuzo, akulona iphutha lanoma ubani.
• Ingane ngayinye ihlukile, futhi izingane ezine-Down syndrome zikhula ngendlela yazo ehlukile.
• Ngokutholakala kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa nokusekelwa okudingekayo, lezi zingane zingaphila impilo ejabulisayo nenenjongo.
• Awuwedwa! Kunabantu abaningi nezinsizakusebenza zokukusiza nokukusekela. Bhekana nale nselele ngesimo sengqondo esihle nothando .

Khumbula, wonke umntwana uyisipho esiyigugu. Uma enikezwa uthando, ukunakekelwa, kanye nethuba alidingayo, angalinqoba izwe!

I- Down syndrome, ama-chromosome, izifo zofuzo, intuthuko yengane, izidingo ezikhethekile, imfundo yezempilo, iSri Lanka