Wake wazibuza ukuthi into owaqala ukuyenza ukuze ujabule, noma ukuze unciphise ukucindezeleka, izogcina isingaphezu kwamandla akho? Ubucabanga ukuthi "ungayeka noma nini," kodwa manje awukwazi ukuyeka, futhi kuthinta impilo yakho, ubudlelwano, kanye nomsebenzi? Uma kunjalo, awuwedwa. Namuhla sikhuluma ngalesi simo esibucayi, kodwa esingelapheka.
Kuyini Ukuphazamiseka Kokusetshenziswa Kwezidakamizwa (i-SUD)?
Kalula nje, ukuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa, noma lokho esasikubiza ngokuthi "ukuluthwa izidakamizwa," kuyisimo sempilo yengqondo . Akusibo ubuthakathaka noma umkhuba omubi. Kuyisifo. Uma indlela yakho yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa (utshwala, ugwayi, noma yimuphi omunye umuthi) ibangela izinkinga empilweni yakho nasempilweni yakho, yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi "Inkinga Yokusebenzisa Izidakamizwa (SUD)".
Cabanga ngale ndlela... Uma sisebenzisa lezi zinto, kukhishwa ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi `(i-Dopamine)` ebuchosheni bethu. Lokhu kusenza sizizwe sijabule kakhulu futhi sikhululekile. Kodwa lapho umphumela wesidakamizwa uphela, leyo njabulo nayo iyanyamalala. Khona-ke ubuchopho nomzimba wethu ufuna ukuthola lowo "muzwa omuhle" futhi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lokhu kubi kangakanani empilweni yethu , asikwazi ukulawula leso sifiso. Lesi simo singathinta kakhulu impilo yakho yengqondo, ubudlelwano bomndeni, imfundo, umsebenzi, konke. Kwezinye izimo, kungaba yingozi ngisho nokuphila.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi lesi simo singaba sincane, silinganisele, noma sibe sibi kakhulu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukusiphi isigaba, khumbula ukuthi lesi yisimo esingelapheka futhi esingelapheka . Uma usukulungele, kunezindlela eziningi zokuthola usizo.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zalesi simo?
Le nkinga ingahlotshaniswa nezinhlobo ezahlukene zemithi. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu yilezi:
- Inkinga yokusebenzisa utshwala
- Inkinga yokusebenzisa i-cocaine
- Inkinga yokusebenzisa insangu
- Inkinga yokusebenzisa ugwayi
- Isifo sokusetshenziswa kwe-Methamphetamine
- Isifo sokusetshenziswa kwama-opioid (isifo sokusetshenziswa kwama-opioid)
Ngezinye izikhathi umuntu angasebenzisa izidakamizwa ezingaphezu kwesisodwa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Isibonelo, angasebenzisa ugwayi kanye notshwala. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi "i-Polysubstance use disorder".
Ziyini izimpawu zalesi simo?
Izimpawu zalesi simo ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lomuthi owusebenzisayo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezimpawu.
| Isigaba sezici | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ukudakwa | Lezi yimiphumela yesikhashana eyenzeka ngokushesha ngemva kokuthatha umuthi. Zingafaka ukozela, ukuzola ngokweqile, injabulo enkulu, kanye nemizwa ephakeme. Zingathinta nekhono lakho lokwenza izinqumo kanye nokusebenza kwengqondo nomzimba. |
| Ukuhoxiswa | Lokhu kwenzeka lapho imiphumela yesidakamizwa iphela futhi iqala ukuphuma emzimbeni. Lezi zimpawu azijabulisi neze. Zingafaka phakathi ukuhlanza, isicanucanu, ukucasuka kwesisu, ukujuluka ngokweqile, ukuqwasha, ukudikiza kwemisipha, kanye nokushintshashintsha kwemizwa njalo. |
Wazi kanjani ukuthi unenkinga yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa?
Lona umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu. Uma uke waba nezimpawu ezimbili kwezilandelayo ezinyangeni eziyi-12 ezedlule, ungase ube nale nkinga. Cabanga ngalokhu ngokwethembeka.
| Uphawu / isici | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Ukwanda kosayizi nesikhathi | Usebenzisa izidakamizwa ngobuningi obukhulu noma isikhathi eside kunalokho obekuhlosile. |
| Ukungakwazi ukulawula | Ngisho noma uzama ukunciphisa noma ukuyeka ukuyisebenzisa, ngeke kusebenze. |
| Ukufisa | Ngizizwa nginesifiso esinamandla sokusebenzisa izidakamizwa cishe usuku lonke. |
| Kuthatha isikhathi | Ukuthola izidakamizwa, ukuzisebenzisa, nokululama emiphumeleni yazo kuthatha isikhathi esiningi sosuku lwakho. |
| Isihlangululo | Lokhu kusetshenziswa kwenza kube nzima ukufeza imithwalo yemfanelo ngendlela efanele emsebenzini, esikoleni, noma ekhaya. |
| Izinkinga zomphakathi nezomuntu siqu | Lokhu kubangela izinkinga emndenini nakubangani, kodwa uyaqhubeka nokukusebenzisa. |
| Ukuyeka izinto zokuzilibazisa | Yingakho beyeka imisebenzi yokuzijabulisa kanye nezinto abazithandayo ababezijabulela. |
| Ukusetshenziswa okuyingozi | Izidakamizwa zisetshenziswa ngisho nasezimweni eziyingozi ngokomzimba (isb., ngenkathi ushayela). |
| Ukungazinaki izinkinga zempilo | Bayaqhubeka nokusebenzisa izidakamizwa yize bazi ukuthi zibangela/zikhulisa inkinga yomzimba noma yengqondo. |
| Ukumelana okwandisiwe (Ukubekezelelana) | Inani elincane engangilithathile ngaphambili alinawo umphumela manje. Ngakho-ke kufanele ngithathe eliningi manje ukuze ngizizwe ngendlela engangizizwa ngayo ngaphambili. |
| Izimpawu zokuhoxa | Uma ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kuyekwa noma kuncishisiwe, kuvela izimpawu ezingathandeki ezishiwo ngaphambilini (ukuhlanza, ubuhlungu bomzimba, ukuthuthumela). Lezi zimpawu ziyanyamalala lapho ukusetshenziswa kabusha. |
Kungani lesi simo senzeka?
Akukho sizathu esisodwa salokhu, kodwa ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi uhlobo lokulutha lwezidakamizwa lubangelwa izinguquko "ohlelweni lomvuzo" lobuchopho.
Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani lesi simo sivame ukwenzeka:
- Ithonya lezenhlalo: Ukuqala ukuthonywa abangane noma ukwamukelwa emphakathini.
- Ilukuluku: Ukuqala ukubona ukuthi lokhu kuzokunikeza umuzwa onjani.
- Ukwandisa ukusebenza: Qala ukusebenza kangcono emsebenzini noma esikoleni (isib., ukufunda ngemva kokulala).
- Ukuqeda ukucindezeleka: Ukuyisebenzisa ukuze kunciphise okwesikhashana imizwa yokudabuka, ukukhathazeka, ukwesaba kanye nokucindezeleka.
Yiziphi izinkinga ezingabangelwa yilokhu?
Inkinga enkulu nebulalayo yalesi simo ukudlula ngokweqile . Lokhu kwenzeka lapho uphuza umuthi omningi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Isibonelo, uma uphuza ngokweqile i-opioid, kungathinta ingxenye yobuchopho elawula ukuphefumula. Uma kungelashwa ngokushesha, ukuphefumula kungayeka futhi kuholele ngisho nasekufeni.
Ezinye izinkinga:
- Umdlavuza
- Ukucindezeleka
- Izifo (njenge-hepatitis B, C, kanye ne-HIV)
- Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo
- Ukulahlekelwa yimfundo kanye nomsebenzi
- Ukuwohloka kobudlelwano bomndeni kanye nobezenhlalo
- Ukuzibandakanya ekuziphatheni okungaphephile, okungekho emthethweni, nokuyingozi
Udokotela usithola futhi asiphathe kanjani lesi simo?
Akukho ukuhlolwa okukodwa okuhlonza lokhu. Udokotela uzohlola ngokucophelela umlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nokuziphatha kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa. Uma kudingeka, angenza ukuhlolwa ukuze anqume izinhlobo nenani lemithi emzimbeni wakho.
Khumbula, uma unezimpawu ezingu-2-3 kwezingenhla, kubhekwa njengezincane . Uma unezimpawu ezingu-4-5, kubhekwa njengezimaphakathi . Uma unezimpawu ezingu-6 noma ngaphezulu, kubhekwa njengezinzima .
Izindlela zokwelapha
Isinyathelo sokuqala sokwelashwa ukususa umuthi emzimbeni (Ukuphathwa kokuhoxiswa noma i-Detox). Lokhu kungaba nzima kakhulu, kokubili ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba. Ngakho-ke, kuphephile kakhulu ukwenza lokhu ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela, ngemithi yokunciphisa izimpawu 'zokuhoxiswa'.
Ngemuva kwalokho, kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwelapha:
1. Ukwelulekwa Nokwelashwa:
- Ukwelashwa Kokuziphatha Kokuqonda (i-CBT): Kukusiza ukuthi ubone amaphethini akho okuziphatha nemicabango emibi bese uyishintsha.
- Ukwelashwa Komndeni: Kusiza ekuthuthukiseni ubudlelwano kanye nezindlela zokuziphatha namalungu omndeni.
- Amaqembu okuzisiza: Ukuhlanganyela emaqenjini afana ne-Narcotics Anonymous kunganikeza amandla amakhulu okunqoba lesi simo ngokusekelwa abanye.
2. Imithi:
Kwezinye izinhlobo zemithi, kunemithi eshintsha ukwakheka kobuchopho futhi inciphise izifiso zemithi kanye nezimpawu zokuhoxa.
- Ngemithi ye-opioid: `(Methadone)`, `(Buprenorphine)`, `(Naltrexone)`
- Ngotshwala: `(Naltrexone)`, `(Acamprosate)`, `(Disulfiram)`
- Ngogwayi: Ama-patches e-nicotine, ama-spray ekhala, i-chewing gum, imithi efana ne-Bupropion noma i-Varenicline.
Kungenzeka yini ukululama ngokuphelele kulesi simo?
Lesi yisifo esingamahlalakhona, esihlala isikhathi eside. Kodwa ukululama kungenzeka nakanjani. Kufana nohambo. Abantu abahlukene banezindlela ezahlukene zokwenza izinto.
Ukubuyela emuva kungaba yingxenye yalolu hambo. Kusho ukuyeka ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa isikhashana bese uqala ukuzisebenzisa futhi. Lokhu akusho ukuthi wehlulekile. Kusho ukuthi udinga ukuhlola kabusha uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa. Kubalulekile ukuba nohlelo lokusekela oluqinile, okuhlanganisa umndeni, abangane, kanye nethimba lezokwelapha.
Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?
Uma unomuzwa wokuthi into oyisebenzisayo isiphenduke umkhuba futhi awukwazi ukuyeka wedwa, qiniseka ukuthi ubonana nodokotela. Ungesabi noma ube namahloni okucela usizo. Lokhu akulona iphutha lakho, kuyisimo sezokwelapha esidinga ukwelashwa.
Ukufuna ukwelashwa kungaba yinselele. Isikhathi esithathayo ukuyeka izidakamizwa sinzima. Ukwelulekwa kuyakhathaza ngokomzwelo. Kodwa ukululama kuyisipho esiyigugu kakhulu ongasithola. Njengoba uqala lolu hambo, cela usizo kumngane omethembayo noma ilungu lomndeni. Isikhuthazo sabo singakunika amandla owadingayo ukuze ubone udokotela.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Inkinga yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa (i-SUD) akuyona ubuthakathaka bakho, yisimo sempilo yengqondo esidinga ukwelashwa.
- Ukuthola usizo kuyisinyathelo sokuqala nesibaluleke kakhulu sokuphuma kulesi simo. Ungabi namahloni.
- Ukululama kuwuhambo. Kungase kube nokubuyela emuva endleleni, kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi wehlulekile. Into ebalulekile ukuqhubeka uzama.
- Uma wena noma othile omaziyo enale nkinga, khuluma nodokotela ofanelekayo namuhla. Awuwedwa.
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