Cishe uke wezwa nge-cholesterol, uvame ukucabanga ukuthi iyinkinga yempilo yabantu abadala kuphela. Eqinisweni, i-cholesterol idlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yengane yakho. Ngezinye izikhathi, indlela eya ezinkingeni zenhliziyo zabantu abadala iqala ebuntwaneni. Ake sibheke ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi lokhu kusho ukuthini emndenini wakho.
Iyini ngempela i-Cholesterol?
Kalula nje, i-cholesterol iyinto efana ne-wax, efana namafutha etholakala emzimbeni wakho, ekhiqizwa kakhulu yisibindi sakho. Cabanga ngayo njengesakhi; iyasiza ekwakheni ulwelwesi lwamaseli akho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibalulekile ekukhiqizeni ama-hormone athile, njenge-estrogen ne-testosterone, futhi iyadingeka emzimbeni wakho ukuze wakhe i-vitamin D.
Ungase uzibuze, 'Lokhu kuyithinta kanjani ingane yami?' Abazali abaningi bayakushalazela lokhu, kodwa odokotela bagcizelela ukuthi izimpande zesifo senhliziyo sabantu abadala zingaqala kusenesikhathi. Uma ingane inamazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol, ingozi yayo yokuthola isifo senhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi kamuva ekuphileni iyanda kakhulu. Yingakho ukunaka amazinga e-cholesterol yengane yakho kubaluleke kangaka.
Imizimba yethu ithola kanjani i-cholesterol?
Isibindi sakho sikhiqiza yonke i-cholesterol edingwa ngumzimba wakho. Kodwa-ke, siphinde sidle i-cholesterol ngokudla okuthile, ikakhulukazi lokho okuvela ezilwaneni. Isibonelo:
- Amaqanda omisiwe
- Inyama ebomvu (njengenyama yenkomo noma yengulube)
- Izinkukhu
- Ukudla kwasolwandle (njenge-shrimp)
- Imikhiqizo yobisi (ushizi, i-ayisikhilimu)
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudla ukudla okunamafutha agcwele kanye nama-trans kungabonisa ukuthi isibindi sakho sikhiqiza i-cholesterol eningi. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukudla okuthosiwe nokucutshungulwe kakhulu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni—njengemifino, izithelo, kanye nokusanhlamvu okuphelele—akuqukethe i-cholesterol nhlobo. Ukufaka okuningi kwalokhu ekudleni kwengane yakho kuhle kakhulu empilweni yayo.
Izinhlobo ze-Cholesterol: Okuhle Nokubi
I-cholesterol ayihambi egazini lakho lodwa; ihlangana namaprotheni ukuze yakhe ama-lipoprotein. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko okufanele uzazi:
1. I-LDL (i-low-density lipoprotein) – I-Cholesterol “Embi”
I-LDL ibizwa ngokuthi "yimbi" ngoba ingahlala odongeni lwemithambo yakho yegazi. Cabanga ngodaka oluqongeleleka ngaphakathi kwepayipi. Lawa ma-cholesterol nezinye izinto aziwa ngokuthi i-plaque.
Le plaque ibangela ukuba imithambo yegazi iqine, iminyene, futhi ingavaleka ngokuphelele.
Uma kwenzeka ukujiya kwegazi kulezi zitsha ezincishisiwe, ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi iyanda kakhulu. Odokotela bakubiza lokhu ngokuthi ukucinana kwemithambo yegazi. Lesi simo singavimbela ukugeleza kwegazi ezithweni ezibalulekile. Yingakho ukugcina amazinga e-LDL ephansi kubalulekile.
2. I-HDL (i-High-density lipoprotein) – I-Cholesterol “Enhle”
I-HDL ibhekwa “njengenhle” ngoba isebenza njengomthuthi. Iqoqa i-cholesterol “embi” ye-LDL emithanjeni yegazi yakho bese iyithutha iyibuyisele esibindini, lapho iqhekeka khona futhi ikhishwe emzimbeni. Empeleni isebenza njengeqembu lokuhlanza imithambo yegazi yakho.
Ngamafuphi, ukuba namazinga aphezulu e-LDL kanye namazinga aphansi e-HDL kwandisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo. Umgomo wakho ukugcina i-LDL iphansi kanye ne-HDL isezingeni elifanele.
Yini Ebangela I-Cholesterol Ephakeme Ezinganeni?
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-cholesterol ephezulu ezinganeni:
1. Ukudla: Ukudla njalo ukudla okunamafutha agcwele kanye nama-trans, njengokudla okuthosiwe, ukudla okulula okucutshunguliwe, kanye nokudla okunoshukela.
2. Ufuzo (Ufuzo):Uma abazali noma izihlobo eziseduze zine-cholesterol ephezulu, izingane zisengozini enkulu. Kufanele uqaphele kakhulu uma kunomlando womndeni wezinkinga ze-lipid.
3. Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile: Inhlanganisela yemikhuba yokudla engafanele kanye nokuntuleka kokuzilolonga ngokomzimba kungaholela ekukhuluphaleni, okuhlobene kakhulu namazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol.
Izingane ezidla ukudla okunempilo, ezihlala zimatasa, futhi ezingenawo umlando womndeni we-cholesterol ephezulu ngokuvamile zisengozini encane.
Kutholakala Kanjani?
I-cholesterol ephezulu ayibonakalisi izimpawu zomzimba. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuyindlela enembile kakhulu yokuhlola amazinga engane yakho.
Odokotela bavame ukuncoma ukuhlolwa kwazo zonke izingane kanye phakathi kweminyaka engu-9 no-11, bese kuthi futhi phakathi kweminyaka engu-17 no-21.
Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa kunganconywa kusukela eminyakeni emi-2 uma:
- Umzali noma isihlobo esiseduze sinezinga le-cholesterol eliphelele elingaphezu kuka-240 mg/dL.
- Kukhona umlando womndeni wesifo senhliziyo (isib. isifo senhliziyo noma izimo zemithambo yegazi kwabesilisa abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-55 noma kwabesifazane abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-65).
- Ingane inezimo ezithile ezifana nesifo sezinso ( i-nephrotic syndrome ), isifo se-Kawasaki , noma isifo samathambo esibangelwa yi-juvenile idiopathic.
- Ingane ibhekene nokukhuluphala ngokweqile .
- Ingane inesifo sikashukela noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme .
Udokotela wakho angase afune ukuthi ingane izile ukudla (ingadli amahora ayi-12) ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Imiphumela ihunyushwa ngokusekelwe eziqondisweni ezivela ku-National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP).
Yini Ongayenza? (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)
I-cholesterol ingaba yingozi empilweni ethule. Ukuba ngumuntu othatha isinyathelo kuqala kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvikela ikusasa lengane yakho.
Khumbula, ukuqwashisa kwasekuqaleni kanye nezinyathelo zokuvimbela kuyisihluthulelo sokugcina impilo yenhliziyo yesikhathi eside.
Nansi indlela ongasiza ngayo:
- Ukudla Okunempilo: Nikeza imifino eminingi, izithelo, kanye nokusanhlamvu okuphelele. Nciphisa ukudla okucutshunguliwe, ukudla okulula okunoshukela omningi, kanye namafutha angenampilo.
- Hlala Umatasa: Khuthaza ingane yakho ukuthi yenze okungenani ihora elilodwa lomsebenzi womzimba nsuku zonke.
- Ukuhlolwa Okuvamile: Landela izincomo zikadokotela wakho zokuhlolwa kwe-cholesterol, ikakhulukazi uma kunomlando womndeni.
- Landela Isiqondiso Sochwepheshe: Uma ingane yakho itholakale ine-cholesterol ephezulu, sebenzisana eduze nodokotela wezingane. Ngokuvamile, ukushintsha ukudla kanye nendlela yokuphila kwanele ukulawula lesi simo.
I-Nirogi Lanka izibophezele ekusekeleni uhambo lomndeni wakho oluya empilweni engcono. Ngokwenza izinguquko ezincane neziqhubekayo namuhla, ungavikela inhliziyo yengane yakho iminyaka eminingi ezayo.
I-Cholesterol, I-Cholesterol Yezingane, I-LDL, I-HDL, Isifo Senhliziyo, Ukudla Okunempilo
