Ingabe unenkinga engavamile yemithambo yegazi ekhanda lakho? (I-Dural Arteriovenous Fistula - dAVF) Ake sixoxe ngalokhu!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzwa umsindo ngaphakathi ekhanda lakho? Noma uvame ukuba nekhanda elibuhlungu? Ungase ucabange ukuthi lezi zinto zivamile, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kukhona okuthile ngemuva kwalokhu okudinga ukunakwa. Yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) . Ake sixoxe ngakho kalula.

Iyini i-dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF)?

Kalula nje, kukhona ulwelwesi oluncane oluvikelayo oluzungeze ubuchopho bethu kanye nomgogodla. Lokhu yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-dura mater . Kufana nesembozo sangemuva sencwadi.

Manje bheka, sinenethiwekhi yemithambo yegazi yokuthwala igazi kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba wethu. Imithambo yegazi ithwala igazi elihlanzekile, elinomoya-mpilo lisuka enhliziyweni liye kuzo zonke ezinye izitho zomzimba, okuhlanganisa nobuchopho. Imithambo yegazi ithwala igazi elisetshenzisiwe, elingenawo umoya-mpilo libuyele enhliziyweni. Phakathi kwale mithambo yegazi nemithambo yegazi, kukhona inethiwekhi encane kakhulu yemithambo yegazi, esiyibiza ngokuthi ama-capillary . La ma-capillary alawula ukugeleza kwegazi futhi asabalalisa igazi ngendlela efanele ezithweni zomzimba.

Manje, kulesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi i-fistula , umthambo uxhuma ngqo emthanjeni, ngaphandle kohlelo oluphakathi lwe-capillaries. Cabanga nje sengathi ipayipi elikhulu lamanzi lixhunywe ngokuzumayo epayipini elincane. Bese igazi lingena kulowo mthambo ngesivinini esikhulu nangaphansi kokucindezeleka okuphezulu. Umthambo awujwayele igazi eliningi kangako nokucindezeleka okungaka.

Ngakho-ke, lokhu okubizwa ngokuthi i-dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) kuwukuxhumana okungavamile phakathi komthambo nomthambo ongaphakathi kwe-dura mater, ulwelwesi oluzungeze ubuchopho. Ngezinye izikhathi udokotela wakho angase akubize lokhu ngokuthi ukukhubazeka kwe-dural arteriovenous .

Lokhu kuxhumana okungavamile kungabangela ukuthi umfutho wegazi ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi ungazinzile, isimo semithambo yegazi singashintsha, futhi igazi lingase lingahambi ngendlela okufanele lihambe ngayo. Ngezinye izikhathi, umthambo wegazi ungaqhuma ngoba awukwazi ukubhekana nomfutho wegazi ophezulu. Uma lokho kwenzeka, kungabangela ukopha okusongela ukuphila.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

Empeleni, lesi simo (i-dAVF) asivamile kangako. Isibonelo, e-United States, kuthiwa senzeka ngesilinganiso esiphakathi kuka-0.15 no-0.19 kubantu abayi-100,000 ngonyaka. Lokho kusho ukuthi akuvamile kakhulu.

Ingabe lesi (i-dAVF) yisimo esibucayi?

Nansi indlela esebenza ngayo. Ezinye (i-dAVF) zincane kakhulu futhi azibangeli izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo. Kodwa-ke, ezinye zimbi kakhulu futhi zingaba yingozi empilweni. Ikakhulukazi uma umthambo wegazi uqhuma futhi wopha, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ungalimaza izicubu zobuchopho futhi ubangele isifo sohlangothi .

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukubonana nodokotela ngokushesha okukhulu uma unezimpawu. Uma wena noma othile oseduze nawe eba nezimpawu zesifo sohlangothi (isib. ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa, ukukhuluma okungacacile, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi), kufanele ushayele u-911 ngokushesha noma ikamelo lezimo eziphuthumayo eliseduze.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-(dAVF)?

Ngezinye izikhathi ungase ungabi nazo izimpawu noma ngabe une- (dAVF) . Kodwa uma unezimpawu, zingahluka kusukela kwezincane kuya kwezinzima kakhulu. Izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi i-fistula ikuphi ebuchosheni. Bheka lezi:

• Ikhanda elibuhlungu: Kungase kungabi yikhanda elibuhlungu elivamile nje, kodwa uhlobo olusha lwekhanda elibuhlungu ngezinye izikhathi elibi kakhulu.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza: Lokhu kungenzeka, ikakhulukazi uma uphethwe yikhanda elibuhlungu.
• I-pulsatile tinnitus: Lokhu kuyimpawu ethile. Kufana nomsindo "wokukhala" noma "wokubhonga" endlebeni yakho, ofana nokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho. Abanye abantu bakuchaza nangokuthi "umsindo wokukhala endlebeni yakho."
• Ukushintsha kombono: Ukufiphala kombono ngokuzumayo, ukubona okukabili, noma umuzwa wokungacaci kombono.
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma noma bolimi: Ukukhuluma ngokushelela, njengokungathi awukwazi ukukhuluma.
• Ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi lapho uhamba, ukuba nobunzima bokulawula izitho zomzimba lapho usebenza.
• Ubuthakathaka noma ukungakhululeki kwemisipha: Umuzwa wokuba ndikindiki noma ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lwengalo, umlenze, noma ubuso.
• Ubuhlungu ebusweni, ezingalweni, noma emilenzeni.
• Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo.
• Imizwa noma imizwa engavamile.

Lezi zimpawu zivame ukubangelwa ukopha ebuchosheni bakho . Ngakho-ke uma unalezi zimpawu, bona udokotela ngokushesha.

Yiziphi izimbangela zalokhu (i-dAVF)?

Odokotela abasazi kahle ukuthi yini ebangela i-dAVF . Kodwa-ke, ososayensi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ingabangelwa ukulimala kwekhanda . Ingavela eminyakeni eminingi ngemva kokulimala. Ezinye izifundo ziphakamisa ukuthi ihlobene nokuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ethwala igazi liye ebuchosheni. Lokhu kuvaleka kungabangelwa yisifo, ingozi, noma esinye isenzakalo. Isibonelo:

• Ukuqhekeka kwegazi (i-Thrombosis).
• Ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu.
• Ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho, njengokuhlinzwa kwe-craniotomy.

Akuvamile ukuthi umuntu azalwe enalesi sifo (i-dAVF) , kodwa asisilo ifa. Lesi simo sisacwaningwa.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola lokhu (i-dAVF)?

Lesi simo (i-dAVF) singakhula kunoma yimuphi ubudala, kodwa sivame kakhulu kubantu abadala abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-40 no-60 .

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-(dAVF)?

Izinkinga ezibangelwa yilokhu (i-dAVF) ngezinye izikhathi zingaba yingozi empilweni. Eziyinhloko yilezi:

• Ukopha ngaphakathi kwezicubu zobuchopho (ukopha kwegazi).
• Ukopha ngaphakathi kogebhezi, kodwa ngaphandle kobuchopho (i-subdural hematoma).
• Ukopha phakathi kobuchopho kanye nolwelwesi oluvikelayo oluzungezile (i-Subarachnoid hemorrhage).
• Ukwanda kwengcindezi ngaphakathi kwekhanda (ingcindezi yangaphakathi kwekhanda).
• Ukuquleka.
• Isifo sohlangothi.

Cabanga nje, bekuzokwenzekani uma impompi encane exhunywe epayipini elikhulu eliletha amanzi ethangini lamanzi lendlu yethu ingaphuma ngokuzumayo? Bekuzoba namanzi kuyo yonke indlu. Yilokho obekungenzeka uma umthambo wegazi uqhuma ngaphakathi ebuchosheni. Yingakho lokhu kuyingozi kangaka.

Lesi simo (i-dAVF) sitholakala kanjani?

Udokotela uxilonga lesi simo (i-dAVF) ngemuva kwalezi zinyathelo:

• Ukuhlolwa komzimba.
• Ukuhlolwa okuhlobene nesimiso sezinzwa.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe okukhethekile.

Lapho enza lezi zivivinyo, udokotela wakho uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho kanye nemininingwane mayelana nezifo zakho zangaphambilini.

Ngezinye izikhathi, ungase ungabi nazimpawu futhi zingatholakala ngengozi uma uhlolwa ubuchopho noma umgogodla wakho ngesinye isizathu.

Ukuhlolwa okukhethekile okusiza ekutholeni (i-dAVF)

Udokotela angathatha isithombe esihle semithambo yegazi yakho bese esebenzisa izivivinyo ezinjengalezi ukuze abone ukuthi unalesi sifo (i-dAVF) :

• Ukuskena kwe-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) noma i-MRA (Magnetic Resonance Angiography).
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-CT Angiography (CTA - Computed Tomography Angiography).

Zombili lezi zivivinyo azibuhlungu futhi azibangeli ukungakhululeki okukhulu. Zivumela udokotela wakho ukuthi athole isithombe esicacile semithambo yegazi ohlelweni lwakho lwezinzwa, okungenzeka ukuthi kubangele izimpawu zakho.

Uma ukuhlolwa kwezithombe okufana nalokhu (i-dAVF) kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka, odokotela bakho bazokhuluma nawe ngolunye ukuhlolwa okukhethekile okubizwa ngokuthi i-cerebral angiogram .

I-cerebral angiogram ukuhlolwa okungangenisi uhlaselo okungaveza izithombe ezinhle kakhulu nezicacile zemithambo yegazi ebuchosheni bakho. Kulokhu kuhlolwa, odokotela bafaka ithubhu elincane kakhulu - esilibiza ngokuthi i-catheter - emthanjeni wegazi esihlakaleni sakho noma emlenzeni ongaphezulu, bese bewufaka ngemithambo entanyeni yakho baye emithanjeni yegazi ebuchosheni bakho. Bese kuthi, ngaleyo catheter , kufakwe uketshezi olukhethekile.I-ejenti yokuhlukanisa ifakwa emzimbeni. Uma ixubana negazi lakho, ingabonakala kumavidiyo e-X-ray njengoba igazi ligeleza ngemithambo yegazi ebuchosheni futhi libuya emithanjeni. Yilokhu okuvumela odokotela ukuthi banqume ukuthi i-dAVF ibukeka kanjani nokuthi iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu yokwelapha ngayo.

Ingabe ikhona ikhambi lalesi simo (i-dAVF)?

Yebo, ukwelashwa kungasusa le fistula futhi kubuyisele ukugeleza kwegazi okuvamile emithanjeni. Lokhu kunganciphisa noma kuvimbele izimpawu ezintsha kanye nezinkinga.

Iphathwa kanjani i-(dAVF)?

Umgomo oyinhloko walokhu kwelashwa (i-dAVF) ukuqeda ukuxhumana okungavamile (i-fistula) phakathi komthambo nomthambo. Kungase kube nezinketho zokwelapha ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuhlinzwa: Ukuhlinzwa okuvulekile kungenziwa ukuze kususwe ukuxhumana okungavamile (i-fistula) emthanjeni wegazi othintekile.
• Ukufakwa kwemithambo yegazi endovascular: Kulokhu, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ithubhu elincane kakhulu (i-catheter) lidlula komunye wemithambo yakho, liye lapho kukhona khona i-fistula, bese livalwa. Kufana nokuvala ukuvuza.
• Ukuhlinzwa ngemisebe ye-Stereotactic: Lolu uhlobo lokwelashwa ngemisebe. Kulokhu, imisebe yemisebe eqondiswe kakhulu iqondiswa emthanjeni wegazi othintekile lapho i-fistula ixhunywe khona, iyivimbele.

Udokotela wakho uzonquma uhlelo lokwelashwa olungcono kakhulu kuwe. Lokhu kuzoncika ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lwe- (dAVF) , impilo yakho jikelele, izimpawu, kanye nengozi yakho yokopha noma izinkinga.

Uma ungenazo izimpawu, udokotela wakho angase angakulaphi ngokushesha, kodwa angase akuqaphe njalo ukuze avimbele izinkinga.

Iyini iphrojekthi yesifo (i-dAVF)?

Ukubikezela kwakho kuncike ezintweni eziningi, njengendawo lapho i-fistula ikhona nokuthi iyopha yini. Uma itholakala futhi yelashwa kusenesikhathi, ukubikezela kuvame ukuba kuhle. Ngeshwa, ezinye (i-dAVF) zingabangela izinkinga ezihlala njalo noma ezisongela impilo. Uma izinkinga ezinjalo zenzeka, kunezinsizakalo zokunakekelwa kwangemva kokwelashwa kanye nokusekelwa ukusiza, njengokwelashwa ngokomzimba , ukwelashwa emsebenzini , kanye nokwelashwa ngenkulumo .

Udokotela wakho ngumuntu ongakunikeza umbono onembile kakhulu ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho.

Izinga Lokusinda kusukela ku-(dAVF)

Ngenxa yokuthi lesi simo (i-dAVF) asivamile kakhulu, ucwaningo lwamazinga okusinda lusaqhubeka. Izifundo zamanje ziphakamisa ukuthi izinga lokufa minyaka yonke elibangelwa yilesi simo liyi-Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kuphakathi kuka-11% no-19%. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kwezinye izimo, izinga lokusinda lonyaka lingalinganiselwa ukuthi lingaphezu kuka-80%.

Ingabe lesi simo (i-dAVF) singavinjelwa?

Ayikho indlela eyaziwayo yokuvimbela lesi simo (i-dAVF) . Kodwa-ke, unganciphisa ingozi yakho ngokulawula izimo zempilo eziyisisekelo (njengezinkinga zokujiya kwegazi) ezingaholela kulesi simo. Ungazivikela futhi ekulimaleni kwekhanda ngokugqoka imishini yokuzivikela efanele lapho udlala imidlalo neminye imisebenzi.

Ngingayibona nini udokotela?

Bona udokotela uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu:

• Ikhanda elibuhlungu elibi kakhulu nelingalindelekile.
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha noma ukungakhululeki.
• Izinguquko enkulumweni yakho, ekuhambeni, ekulinganiseni, noma ekuboneni.
• Ukuqala okusha, ukukhala ezindlebeni (i-Pulsatile tinnitus).

Uma wena noma othile oseduze nawe eba nezimpawu zesifo sohlangothi (isib. ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa, ukukhuluma okungacacile, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi), kufanele ushayele u-911 noma ikamelo lezimo eziphuthumayo eliseduze ngokushesha. Isikhathi sibaluleke kakhulu!

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Uma ubona udokotela, kuwumqondo omuhle ukubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Ikuphi le fistula?
• Yiluphi uhlobo lokwelashwa oluncomayo?
• Ingabe ngidinga ngempela ukuhlinzwa?
• Iyini imiphumela emibi yalokhu kwelashwa?
• Ingabe le fistula ingaphinde ivele ngemva kokwelashwa?
• Kuyothatha isikhathi esingakanani ngaphambi kokuba ngibuye ukuzohlolwa?

Ekugcineni, umyalezo okufanele uwuthathe uye nawo ekhaya

Lesi simo, esibizwa ngokuthi i-dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF), singaba nomthelela omkhulu noma omncane empilweni yakho. Kwezinye izimo, kungaba yinkinga encane engaxazululwa kalula ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela. Kodwa-ke, uma ingatholakali futhi yelashwe ngokushesha, ingaholela ezinkingeni ezihlala njalo noma ezisongela ukuphila.

Uma unezimpawu noma ukhathazekile ngokuthile, shayela udokotela noma igumbi lezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha. Kunezindlela zokwelapha ezingasiza ekususeni i-fistula futhi zibuyisele ukugeleza kwegazi kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba wakho. Kunezindlela zokwelapha ezahlukahlukene, hhayi zonke ezidinga ukuhlinzwa okuvulekile. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizohlola izimpawu zakho futhi linqume uhlelo lokwelashwa olungcono kakhulu kuwe ukuze kuvinjelwe izinkinga.

Uyazi impilo yakho kangcono. Ngakho-ke uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko emzimbeni wakho, ungakuzibi. Ukuthatha isinyathelo esisheshayo kungavimbela izimo eziningi ezingathi sína.

I - fistula yemithambo yegazi emithanjeni ye-dural, i-dAVF, imithambo yegazi yobuchopho, ikhanda elibuhlungu, i-pulsatile tinnitus, ukopha kobuchopho, isifo sohlangothi