Ingabe ingane yakho inenkinga yokubhala? Singaxoxa ngale dysgraphia?

Wake waphawula ukuthi ingane yakho ingemuva kancane kwezinye izingane emsebenzini wesikole, ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngokubhala? Uma ubona izinto ezifana nokungakwazi kwazo ukubhala kahle, ukuba buthaka kwazo lapho zibhala, noma ukungafuni kwazo ukubhala nhlobo, ungase ucabange, "Le ngane ayizami ngokwanele." Kodwa akulona nje ubuvila. Kungaba futhi yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-dysgraphia.

Iyini i-Dysgraphia? Masiyiqonde kalula!

Kalula nje, i-dysgraphia yisimo sezinzwa esibangela umuntu ukuba abe nobunzima bokubeka imicabango yakhe ngamazwi nokuyibhala phansi. Lokhu akubangelwa ubudala bakhe, ukuhlakanipha, noma ukuntuleka kwemfundo. I-Dysgraphia ibhekwa "njengomehluko wokufunda."

Cabanga ngendlela okuyinkimbinkimbi ngayo ukubhala. Kudinga ukubandakanyeka kwezingxenye ezahlukene zobuchopho bethu kanye namakhono ahlukene.

• Amakhono okunyakaza kahle: Lokhu kubhekisela ekhonweni lokusebenzisa imisipha emincane yeminwe ukubamba ipensela noma ipeni, nokubhala ngesandla esihle.
• Ukuqonda indawo: Lokhu kusho ukuqonda isikhala esiphakathi kwezinhlamvu namagama. Ikhono lokubhala ngqo emgqeni nokuphatha isikhala ekhasini.
• Inkumbulo esebenzayo: Lokhu kusho ukukhumbula okusengqondweni yakho nokungakukhohlwa uze ukubhale phansi. Lokhu kukusiza ukuthi uxhumanise umqondo kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni lapho ubhala umusho.
• Ukubhala ikhodi yokubhala: Nakuba lokhu kungase kubonakale kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane, kusho nje ikhono lokukhumbula izimo zezinhlamvu, izinombolo, nezimpawu bese uzikhumbula lapho kudingeka.
• Ukucubungula ulimi: Ukuqonda ulimi nokwakha amagama nemisho.
• Ukuqonda: Inqubo yokuhlela imibono engqondweni yakho ibe yinto engabhalwa phansi.
• Ukuhlela: Ukuhlela okubhaliwe ngendlela ehlelekile nenenjongo.

Eziningi zalezi zinto ziyahlangana ukuze zisenze sibhale kahle futhi ngokucacile. Ngakho-ke, umuntu one-dysgraphia angase abe nobunzima ngesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi. Yingakho ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nzima ukuthola lesi simo.

I-Dysgraphia ivame ukuvela lapho izingane ziqala ukubhala. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-developmental dysgraphia . Ngezinye izikhathi kungavela ngemva kokulimala okungazelelwe, njengokulimala ekhanda. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-acquired dysgraphia .

Lesi simo siwela esigabeni "sesifo sokufunda esithile" - ngokunembile, "isifo sokufunda esithile ekubhalweni."

Ingabe i-dysgraphia iyingxenye ye-dyslexia?

Cha. I-Dyslexia kanye ne-dysgraphia yizimo ezimbili ezihlukene zezinzwa. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi ezinye zezimpawu ziyafana futhi ngezinye izikhathi lezi zimo ezimbili zingaba khona, abantu bavame ukudida lezi zimo ezimbili.

I-Dyslexia iyisifo sokufunda. Umuntu one-dyslexia uthatha isikhathi eside ukufunda, unenkinga yokubona amagama, futhi ufunda ezingeni eliphansi kunokulindelekile. Bangase babe nobunzima bokuhlukanisa amagama abe imisindo nokuxhuma izinhlamvu nemisindo.

I-Dysgraphia iyinkinga ngenqubo yokubhala. Ingasukela ebunzima bomzimba ngokubhala ngesandla kuya ebunzimani bokuhlela nokubhala imibono.

Ingabe i-Dysgraphia iyisimo se-autism?

I-Dysgraphia ayiyona ingxenye ye-Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi abane-autism nabo bane-dysgraphia. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi umuntu abe ne-dysgraphia ngaphandle kwe-autism.

Isifo se-Autism spectrum (ASD) yisimo sokuthuthukiswa kwemizwa esihilela kakhulu:

• Izinguquko kanye nobunzima ekuxhumaneni nabantu.
• Ukuphazamiseka ekuxhumaneni nabantu.
• Ukuziphatha okulinganiselwe, okuphindaphindayo, izinto ozithandayo, noma imisebenzi.
• Izinkinga ezibucayi.

Ungabona izimpawu ezifana nalezi.

Ubani ongaba nalesi simo? Sivame kangakanani?

I-Dysgraphia ingathinta kokubili izingane kanye nabantu abadala. Njengezinye izimo eziningi zokuthuthukiswa kwemizwa, i-dysgraphia ivame kakhulu kubafana.

Uma othile emndenini wakho enalesi simo, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ube ne-dysgraphia. I-Dysgraphia ivame kakhulu nasezinganeni ezine-autism spectrum disorder (ASD) kanye/noma i-attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

I-Dysgraphia iyisimo esivame kakhulu. Abacwaningi balinganisela ukuthi phakathi kuka-5% no-20% wabantu bangase babe nalesi simo. Isizathu sokuthi lolu hlu lukhulu kangaka ukuthi i-dysgraphia ivame ukuhlonzwa kabi noma ukuhlonzwa kabi njengenye inkinga.

Wazi kanjani ukuthi une-dysgraphia? Ziyini izimpawu?

Umuntu one-dysgraphia angaba nezinkinga eziningi ngokubhala. Okumangazayo ukuthi angakhuluma kalula nangokushelelayo kunalabo ababhalayo. Bangase babe nezinkinga ngezinto ezifana nalezi:

• Ukungakwazi ukubumba izinhlamvu kanye/noma ukubhala ngokucacile.
• Usayizi wefonti kanye nesikhala.
• Ukupela.
• Ukuhlanganiswa kwemisipha emihle.
• Isivinini sokubhala.
• Uhlelo lolimi.
• Ukwakheka.

Nazi ezinye izindlela ezithile i-dysgraphia engazibonakalisa ngazo:

• Ubunzima bokubhala emgqeni oqondile.
• Ubunzima bokubamba nokulawula ithuluzi lokubhala (ipensela, ipeni) kahle.
• Ukubhala izinhlamvu emuva (isib. ukubhala u-'d' esikhundleni sika-'b').
• Ukuthola ubunzima bokukhumbula ukuthi izinhlamvu zakhiwa kanjani.
• Ukungakwazi ukuqonda ukuthi kufanele kusetshenziswe kuphi izinhlamvu ezinkulu nezinhlamvu ezincane.
• Ubunzima bokubhala imisho ngohlelo lolimi kanye nezimpawu zokubhala ezifanele.
• Ukushiya amagama emishweni.
• Ukubeka amagama ngokulandelana okungalungile emushweni.
• Ukusetshenziswa okungalungile kwezenzo kanye nezabizwana.

Okubalulekile: Ukuba nesici esisodwa noma ezimbili zalezi akusho ukuthi othile une-dysgraphia. Kodwa-ke, uma ingane yakho inenkinga yokufunda amakhono ayisisekelo adingekayo ukuze ibhale ngendlela efanele iminyaka yayo, kubalulekile ukuyihlola ukuze kubonakale ukuthi iyaludinga yini usizo olukhethekile.

Yini ebangela i-dysgraphia?

Ososayensi nodokotela bezinzwa abakayazi imbangela eqondile ye-developmental dysgraphia. Njengoba sesixoxile ngaphambili, ukubhala kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kuhilela izingxenye eziningi ezahlukene zobuchopho bethu. Kodwa-ke, njengoba lesi simo sibonakala sisebenza emindenini, kubonakala sengathi kukhona ukuxhumana kwezakhi zofuzo.

Wazi kanjani ngokuqinisekile ukuthi une-dysgraphia?

Incwadi Yokuhlola Nezibalo Yezinkinga Zengqondo, uhlelo lwesi-5 (DSM-5) ifaka phakathi i-dysgraphia ngaphansi kwesigaba "sokukhubazeka kokufunda okuthile," kodwa ayichazi njengesifo esihlukile. Ayinikezi nezindlela ezithile zokuxilongwa. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuxilonga i-dysgraphia—kodwa akuyona into engenakwenzeka.

Njengoba kunjalo nge-dyslexia, ukuhlolwa kwengane yakho kwe-dysgraphia kuzocabangela ngokucophelela okulandelayo:

• Amandla nobuthakathaka bomntwana ekufundeni.
• Umlando wezemfundo.
• Ubunzima bokubhala.
• Yiziphi izinkinga zokubhala?
• Indlela ukulungiswa okuqondiwe kanye nokusekelwa okuthinte ngayo izinga lemfundo yengane yamanje.

Odokotela bangakunikeza ukuxilongwa kwezokwelapha kwe-dysgraphia. Lokhu kungadinga ithimba lochwepheshe, njengalaba:

• Abelaphi bomsebenzi
• Abelaphi bomzimba
• Abelaphi benkulumo
• Izazi ze-Neuropsychologists

Isikole sengane yakho singasebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene zokufaneleka kokungenelela kusenesikhathi noma izinhlelo zemfundo ekhethekile.

Kunini lapho ingane kufanele ihlolwe khona i-dysgraphia?

Ngokuvamile kungcono ukuhlola umehluko wokufunda kuqala. Uma i-dysgraphia itholakala kusenesikhathi, ingane yakho ingafunda amasu amasha okubhala ngokushesha. Kuye ngokuthi i-dysgraphia iyithinta kanjani ingane, izimpawu zalesi simo zingabonakala zisencane njengeminyaka emi-5 noma ngisho zisencane.

Njengoba inani lokubhala esikoleni likhula njengoba sikhula, kubalulekile ukuhlonza i-dysgraphia kusenesikhathi. Kubalulekile futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi akukaze kube sekwephuzile ukuthola ukuxilongwa nosizo.

Isikole sengane yakho singase sincome ukuhlolwa kokukhubazeka kokufunda ngudokotela wengqondo wezemfundo oqinisekisiwe. Cela usizo kubaphathi besikole ukuthola umuntu ongamfinyelela.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezisetshenziswa ukuxilonga i-dysgraphia?

Akukho ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okukhethekile okudingekayo ukuze kutholakale i-dysgraphia, futhi akukho okwamanje okukhona. Esikhundleni salokho, odokotela benza ukuxilongwa ngokusekelwe ekuhlolweni okuphelele kobunzima bokubhala kwengane yakho. Ochwepheshe bezemfundo nabo benza ukuhlolwa ukuze banqume ukufaneleka kwezinhlelo ezikhethekile.

Odokotela bangasebenzisa ukuhlolwa kanye nokuhlolwa okufana nalokhu ngesikhathi senqubo yokuxilonga:

• Ukuhlolwa kokubhala ngesandla okusemthethweni: Lokhu kuhlolwa kusiza ukukala isivinini kanye nokucaca kokubhala kwengane yakho.
• Ukuhlolwa Kokuthuthukiswa Kwe-Beery Kokuhlanganiswa Kwe-Visuomotor (VMI): Lokhu kuhlolwa kusiza ukuhlola izinga ingane engakwazi ngalo ukuhlanganisa amakhono okubona (okubona) kanye nokunyakaza komzimba (ukunyakaza komzimba) adingekayo ekubhaleni.

Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zivivinyo azihloli zonke izici ze-dysgraphia, ithimba lezemfundo lengane yakho livame ukuthembela ezindleleni ezengeziwe zokuhlonza i-dysgraphia. Kuye ngomntwana wakho kanye nomehluko wokufunda kwakhe, kungase kwenziwe izifundo ezijulile.

Indlela yokuphatha i-dysgraphia?

Ngenxa yokuthi i-dysgraphia inezimpawu eziningi ezahlukene futhi ithinta umuntu ngamunye ngendlela ehlukile, indlela i-dysgraphia ephathwa ngayo iyahlukahluka kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu.

Okwamanje, azikho imithi yokwelapha i-dysgraphia. Esikhundleni salokho, ukungenelela kwezemfundo kungafundisa izindlela ezintsha nezisebenzayo zokubhala.

Ngokuvamile, ukungenelela kwezemfundo kungahlukaniswa ngalezi zigaba:

• Indawo Yokuhlala: Lena isevisi evumela ingane yakho ukuthi ifinyelele ikharikhulamu eyinhloko ngaphandle kokushintsha okuqukethwe yikharikhulamu. Kalula nje, iyisevisi esiza ingane yakho ukuthi ifunde ngaphandle kokushintsha ikharikhulamu. Isibonelo, ukunikeza ingane yakho isikhathi esengeziwe sokubhala, noma ukusebenzisa ikhompyutha esikhundleni sokubhala.
• Ukuguqulwa: Isikole sengane yakho sizovumelanisa imigomo nemigomo yengane, futhi sinikeze izinsizakalo zokunciphisa umthelela we-dysgraphia. Isibonelo, ukuvumela ingane yakho ukuthi iphendule imibuzo ngomlomo esikhundleni sezimpendulo ezibhaliwe ezivivinyweni.
• Ukulungiswa: Isikole sengane yakho sizohlinzeka ngezinhlelo zokungenelela ezithile zokunciphisa ubukhali be-dysgraphia yayo. Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa izivivinyo ezikhethekile nemisebenzi ukuthuthukisa amakhono ayo okubhala.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho ithola imfundo eyifanele, kubaluleke kakhulu ukumela ingane yakho nokusebenzisana nesikole.

Ingabe i-dysgraphia ingavinjelwa?

Ngeshwa, i-dysgraphia ayinakuvinjelwa. Kodwa-ke, ingalawulwa ngokuthola amasu ahlukene okubhala.

Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kubalulekile – uma ingane yakho ibonisa izimpawu zokuqala ze-dysgraphia, khuluma nodokotela wengane yakho. Uma ingane yakho itholakale ine-dysgraphia, sebenzisana nesikole ukuthuthukisa Uhlelo Lwezemfundo Oluzimele (IEP) .

Iyini inhloso ye-dysgraphia?

Uma i-dysgraphia ingatholakali, kungaba nzima ngezingane ukuphumelela esikoleni. Ukubhala kuyikhono elibalulekile lezemfundo elihlobene nempumelelo iyonke yezemfundo.

Izingane ezinenkinga yokubhala zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi “zingcolile” noma “zivilapha” kunokuba zibhekwe njengezinokukhubazeka kokufunda. Ngenxa yalokho, ingane ene-dysgraphia ingase ibe nezinkinga zokuzethemba futhi izizwe sengathi ayihlakaniphile. Ukusekelwa okuhle okuvela kwabathandekayo nakothisha kungasiza ingane ukuba inqobe lezi zithiyo.

Kusho ukuthini ukuphila ne-dysgraphia?

Ukuba ne-dysgraphia akusho nje ukuthi unobunzima bokubhala, kusho ukuthi wenaAkukhona ukuthi awufaneleki noma uvilapha. Ukuthola izindlela zokusiza ekuphatheni i-dysgraphia kubalulekile ekufundeni impumelelo nasekulondolozeni ukuzethemba kwakho. Qonda ukuthi ukuba ne-dysgraphia akusho ukuthi awunawo ubuhlakani.

Ungayisiza kanjani ingane ene-dysgraphia?

Mela ingane yakho. Wena nesikole sengane yakho ningasebenzisana ukudala Uhlelo Lwemfundo Oluzimele (i-IEP). Lo mbhalo ubeka okulindelwe kanye nezinhlelo zezifundo ezenzelwe ingane yakho esikoleni.

Futhi, ungasiza ekuthuthukiseni amakhono okubhala engane yakho ekhaya.

• Zama ukusebenzisa amadivayisi enza ukubhala kube lula, njengokubamba amapensela.
• Funa izinhlelo zokusebenza noma isofthiwe esiza ngokubhala ngesandla.
• Sebenzisa abahleli bezithombe ukusiza ngemisebenzi yokubhala.

Uma wena noma uthisha wengane yakho nisola ukuthi ingane yakho inokukhubazeka kokufunda okufana ne-dysgraphia, ungathola usizo. I-Dysgraphia yisimo sezinzwa esingalawulwa. Khuluma nodokotela wengane yakho, uthisha, noma umphathi wesikole ukuthola izindlela zokusiza ukuthuthukisa amakhono okubhala engane yakho.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka sizikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

• I-Dysgraphia iyisimo sangempela, akuyona indaba yokudinwa noma ukungabi nandaba. Akukhona ukuthi ingane ayithandi ukubhala ngamabomu, kodwa nje ukuthi kuyinselele yangempela kuyo.
• Ukuqashelwa kusenesikhathi kanye nosizo kubaluleke kakhulu. Uma ingane isheshe ithole ukwesekwa ekudingayo, kulapho izokwazi khona ukufunda ngempumelelo ngalesi simo.
• Lokhu akuhlobene nokuhlakanipha kwengane. Izingane ezine-dysgraphia zingaba nobuhlakani obukhulu. Ziba nobunzima bokubhala.
• Ingane yakho idinga uthando lwakho, ukwesekwa, kanye nokuqonda. Ukuyikhuthaza nokwazisa imizamo yayo kuzosiza kakhulu ekwakheni ukuzethemba kwayo.
• Funa ukwesekwa kochwepheshe. Ungafunda ngezindlela kanye nokuzivocavoca okufanele ingane yakho kubantu abafana nabelaphi bezokwelapha kanye nochwepheshe bezemfundo.
• Sebenzisana eduze nesikole. Nikeza ingane izinsiza kanye nokusekelwa okudingekayo esikoleni nge-'IEP'.

Nakuba i-dysgraphia iyisimo esiyinselele, ngokusekelwa kanye nezindlela ezifanele, ingane ingaba nekusasa eliphumelelayo. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ingane izizwe ukuthi ukhona lapho ngenxa yayo.

I- Dysgraphia, ubunzima bokubhala, ukukhubazeka kokufunda, imfundo yabantwana, ukuthuthukiswa kwemizwa, ukubhala ngesandla, ukwesekwa kwezemfundo