Ingabe imisipha yakho iyaqina ngokungalawuleki? Ake sifunde ngalokhu (Dystonia)!

Wake waqaphela, noma wakuzwa, ukuthi imisipha yakho iqina ngokuzumayo, inyakaze, noma ibambeke endaweni eyodwa? Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungaba yinto engakhululekile futhi ebuhlungu. Sibiza lesi simo ngokuthi "i-Dystonia." Nakuba kungase kubonakale sengathi kuyinkinga ngemisipha yakho, inkinga empeleni isebuchosheni bakho noma ohlelweni lwakho lwezinzwa. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe, akunjalo?

Iyini ngempela i-Dystonia?

Kalula nje, i-dystonia iyisifo esithinta uhlelo lwezinzwa. Ibonakala ngokufinyela kwemisipha okungahleliwe okwenzeka ngaphandle kokulawula noma umzamo wakho. Igama elithi "dystonia" livela emagameni esiLatini elithi "dys" (okungalungile/okunephutha) kanye negama lesiGreki elithi "tonos" (ukucindezeleka kwemisipha). Kusho ukuthi imisipha ifinyela ngendlela engafanele, ngendlela engafanele.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Dystonia ne-Dyskinesia?

Nakuba la magama amabili ebonakala efana kancane, kunomehluko omncane.

• I-Dyskinesia: Leli futhi igama lesiGreki. Igama elithi "Kinesia" lisho "ukunyakaza." I-Dyskinesia isho ukunyakaza okwenzeka ngendlela engafanele, okungafanele kwenzeke. Lokhu ukunyakaza okungenangozi , okungukuthi, ukunyakaza kwemisipha okwenzeka ngaphandle kokulawula kwakho.
• I-Dystonia: Lolu uhlobo lwe-dyskinesia. Ku-dystonia, imisipha iyaqina isikhathi eside . Kuye ngokuthi iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba ethintekile, ungase ubonakale usezikhundleni ezahlukene.

Ubani ongaba ne-dystonia?

Kuye ngembangela ye-dystonia, ingathinta noma ubani. Ezinye izimbangela zihlobene nobudala, okusho ukuthi zingakuthinta ngesikhathi sokuzalwa noma ngesikhathi sobuntwana. Ezinye zingase zikhule kamuva ekuphileni.

Nakuba ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi abantu abangaba ngu-300,000 e-United States kuphela bane-dystonia, ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi inani langempela lingaba likhulu kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi i-dystonia ingafika ngezindlela eziningi, ngezinye izikhathi kunzima ukuyixilonga ngokunembile.

I-dystonia ithinta kanjani umzimba wami?

I-Dystonia yisimo sobuchopho esithinta indlela ubuchopho bakho obulawula ngayo imisipha yomzimba wakho. Ingathinta imisipha ehlukene noma amaqembu emisipha ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka kanjani nokuthi kungani kuseyimfihlakalo.

Izimpawu ze-Dystonia zingaba zimbi kakhulu uma ukhathele, ucindezelekile, noma uma uphuza izinto ezifana ne-caffeine noma utshwala.

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-dystonia zibangelwa ukushintshashintsha kwezakhi zofuzo noma izimo eziphazamisa ukusebenza kwezingxenye ezithile zobuchopho. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi amangqamuzana athintekile angasebenzi kahle. Izimpawu ezingalungile ziya emisipheni, okubangela i-dystonia.

I-Dystonia ingabangelwa futhi ukulimala noma ezinye izimo zezokwelapha eziphazamisa ukusebenza kobuchopho. Ezinye zalezi zimo zingatholakala ngokusebenzisa ama-imaging scan. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi i-dystonia ingenzeka ngaphandle kwanoma yiziphi zalezi zimbangela.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Dystonia?

Uphawu oluyinhloko lwe-dystonia luvame ukuba ukunyakaza kwemisipha okungalawuleki . Lokhu kunyakaza kuvame ukuba:

• Akumnandi, ngezinye izikhathi kuyabuhlungu, futhi kungazwakala njengokushaqeka ngogesi.
• Ukuphindaphinda (ikakhulukazi lapho kuthuthumela).
• Ubude besikhathi bungahluka. Ezinye zihlala imizuzwana noma imizuzu bese ziyanyamalala. Ezinye zingahlala izinyanga.
• Kuthatha imvelo yokujika nokudonsela. Lokhu kungenza umuntu abonakale esesimweni esingajwayelekile.
• Imisipha ethintekile ingaba nzima kakhulu uma isetshenziswa.

Kungaba nokwehluka okuncane kwezimpawu kuye ngokuthi i-dystonia ithinta kuphi emzimbeni. Kunezindlela ezinhlanu eziyinhloko izimpawu ezenzeka ngazo:

• I-focal dystonia
• I-dystonia yesigaba
• I-dystonia ye-Multifocal
• I-Hemidystonia `(Hemidystonia)`
• I-dystonia ejwayelekile

Ake sibheke ngayinye yalezi ngokwehlukana.

I-focal dystonia

Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ingxenye eyodwa kuphela yomzimba wakho ithintekile. Ochwepheshe bathi lolu hlobo lwesimo luvame ngokuphindwe kayishumi kunezinye. Lungavela ngezindlela ezahlukene, kuye ngokuthi ingxenye yomzimba ethintekile ithintekile:

• Amajwabu amehlo: I-Blepharospasm. Lokhu kungaba kubi kakhulu kangangokuthi abanye abantu kufanele bavale amehlo abo ngenkani.
• Umhlathi: Ukugaya amazinyo (i-Bruxism).
• Isandla noma isihlakala: Ukunyakazisa imisipha noma ukuqina. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi "ukuqaqamba kombhali" noma "ukuqaqamba komculi." Abadlali begalofu nabadlali bekhilikithi bakubiza ngokuthi "izimpukane." Cabanga ngesandla sakho siqina futhi singakwazi ukubhala, noma iminwe yakho iphuma ekulawuleni lapho udlala into efana ne-violin.

I-dystonia yesigaba

Lokhu kwenzeka lapho kuthinteka izingxenye ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zomzimba ezisondelene . Isibonelo, izingxenye ezahlukene zobuso, ikhanda nentamo, noma ingalo nengalo engenhla. Isibonelo esihle salokhu yi -cervical dystonia . Lokhu kuthinta imisipha yekhanda nentamo. Esinye isibonelo yi -Meige syndrome . Lokhu kuthinta izingxenye eziningana zobuso.

I-dystonia ye-Multifocal

Lokhu kuthinta izingxenye zomzimba ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ezingahlobene . Isibonelo, i - dystonia ithinta izingalo zombili.Lesi futhi yisibonelo sesimo esithinta izingxenye eziningana zomzimba ezingahlobene.

I-Hemidystonia `(Hemidystonia)`

Igama elithi "hemi" livela egameni lesiGreki elisho "ingxenye." Ngakho-ke lokhu kusho ukuthi uhlangothi olulodwa kuphela lomzimba wakho (kungaba kwesokudla noma kwesobunxele) luyathinteka. Cabanga ngemisipha esandleni sakho sokunene noma ohlangothini lwesokudla lobuso bakho ehamba ngokungalawuleki. Isifo sohlangothi siyimbangela enkulu ye-hemidystonia.

I-dystonia ejwayelekile

Lokhu kungathinta imilenze yakho kanye nomzimba (ingxenye eyinhloko yomzimba wakho exhumanisa izingalo zakho, imilenze, kanye nekhanda) noma wonke umzimba wakho . Yilokhu okwenzekayo lapho i-dystonia iba yimbi kakhulu. Lapho i-focal dystonia iba yi-generalized dystonia, izimpawu zisakazeka kusukela ezithweni kuya esiqwini.

Ziyini izimbangela ze-dystonia?

I-Dystonia ibangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwendlela ubuchopho bakho obusebenza ngayo. Lokhu kuvame ukuhilela ingxenye yobuchopho ebizwa ngokuthi i-'Basal Ganglia' . Leli yiqembu lezakhiwo zobuchopho ezixhumanisa izingxenye ezahlukene zobuchopho futhi ziqondise indlela lezo zingxenye ezisebenza ngayo ndawonye.

Ochwepheshe bahlukanisa izimbangela ze-dystonia ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko:

• I-dystonia eyinhloko: I-Dystonia iyimbangela eyinhloko yalokhu. Ngokuvamile ayiyona imbangela eqondile, okusho ukuthi akukho sizathu esingatholakala. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi kungase kube nesakhi sofuzo, okusho ukuthi singasebenza emindenini.
• I-dystonia yesibili: Kulesi simo, i-dystonia iyisibonakaliso sesinye isifo noma inkinga.
• Izimo ze-"Dystonia plus": Lezi yizifo zesimiso sezinzwa. Nakuba i-dystonia iyisibonakaliso esiyinhloko, kunezinye izimpawu.

Izimbangela ezingaba khona ze-dystonia yesibili

Lokhu kungenzeka ngezizathu ezahlukene:

• Izimila zobuchopho
• Ezinye izifo zobuchopho (isib. isifo sokuwa, isifo sikaParkinson, isifo sikaParkinson)
• I-cerebral hypoxia (ikakhulukazi ezinsaneni ezisanda kuzalwa ezincishwe umoya-mpilo lapho zizalwa)
• Imithi (eyanikezwa udokotela noma engekho emthethweni)
• Izifo zofuzo (isib. isifo sikaWilson, isifo sikaHuntington)
• Izifo (isb., i-encephalitis)
• Izimo ze-Metabolic
• Isifo sohlangothi
• Izinto ezinobuthi (isib. ubuthi be-carbon monoxide, ubuthi be-manganese)
• Ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu

I-Dystonia ayisona isifo esithelelanayo. Awukwazi ukusithola kwabanye abantu, futhi awukwazi ukusidlulisela kwabanye.

I-Dystonia itholakala kanjani?

Udokotela, ngokuvamile udokotela wezinzwa, angaxilonga i-dystonia ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zakho, ukuhlolwa kwezinzwa, kanye nokuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene kwezokwelapha. I-Dystonia ngezinye izikhathi ingaba nzima ukuyixilonga ngoba lezi zimpawu zingabangelwa ezinye izimo eziningi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukugwema ezinye izimo, njengoba ezinye zazo zingaba yizimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha ezisongela ukuphila.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezisetshenziswa ukuxilonga i-dystonia?

Kungenziwa izivivinyo ezahlukene zelebhu, zokuxilonga, kanye "nezezithombe" ukuze kuhlolwe i-dystonia. Izivivinyo ezivame uku-oda zincike ezimpawini zakho kanye nezimo zezokwelapha udokotela wakho asola ukuthi zikhona. Nazi ezinye zezivivinyo ezingenziwa:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lokhu kungabona izinto eziningi, njengezinkinga zesimiso sokuzivikela komzimba kanye nobuthi (ikakhulukazi izinsimbi ezifana nethusi kanye ne-manganese).
• I-CT scan (i-computerized tomography scan)
• I-EEG (i-Electroencephalogram): Ukuhlolwa okulinganisa umsebenzi kagesi wobuchopho.
• I-EMG (i-Electromyogram): Ukuhlolwa okubheka ukuthi izimpawu zihamba kanjani ngemizwa.
• Ukuhlolwa kofuzo
• Ukuskena kwe-MRI (i-MRI - Ukuthwebula izithombe ze-magnetic resonance)
• Ukuskena kwe-PET (ukuskena kwe-Positron emission tomography)
• Ukubhoboza umgogodla / Ukubhoboza i-Lumbar

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kungase kwenziwe ezinye izivivinyo. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukubuza udokotela wakho ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ezifanele isimo sakho. Ngemuva kwalokho ungathola ulwazi olunembile kakhulu olufanele isimo sakho.

Iphathwa kanjani i-dystonia? Ingabe ingelapheka ngokuphelele?

Akukho ukwelashwa kwe-dystonia, kodwa ingelashwa . Izindlela eziningi zokwelapha zincike embangela yesimo kanye nezimpawu onazo. Udokotela wakho uzokwazi ukukusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezikufanele.

Udokotela wakho angakutshela ukuthi ugweme i-caffeine notshwala, njengoba lokhu kungenza izimpawu ze-dystonia zibe zimbi kakhulu kwabanye abantu.

Uhlobo luni lomuthi noma ukwelashwa olusetshenziswayo?

Ukwelashwa kwe-dystonia kuncike embangela kanye nezimpawu zakho ezithile. Ukwelashwa okuvamile kufaka phakathi:

• Ukushukunyiswa kobuchopho okujulile (i-DBS): Lena inqubo yokuhlinzwa. Ama-electrode afakwa ebuchosheni bakho. Lawa ma-electrode aletha ugesi omnene engxenyeni ethile yobuchopho bakho. Lokhu kungasiza ngezimpawu ze-dystonia. Lena inqubo yokuhlinzwa esetshenziswa kakhulu futhi ephumelelayo ye-dystonia.
• Imithi:Kuye ngembangela ye-dystonia, ingelashwa ngemithi. Umuthi (owodwa noma ngaphezulu) onikezwayo uzoncika ezimpawini kanye nembangela eyisisekelo (uma ikhona) ye-dystonia.
• Imijovo ye-Botulinum toxin: I-Botulinum toxin – eyaziwa ngabaningi ngegama lomkhiqizo i-Botox® – uma ijovwa endaweni efanele ingavimba izimpawu zemizwa amasonto, ngezinye izikhathi izinyanga. Lokhu kuvimbela izimpawu ezibangela i-dystonia ukuthi zingafinyeleli emisipheni. Lokhu kuyindlela enhle yokwelapha i-focal dystonia kanye nezinye izimpawu ze-segmental dystonia.
• Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, ngokomsebenzi kanye nangokukhuluma: Uma i-dystonia ibangelwa yisimo sempilo sesikhashana, lezi zindlela zokwelapha zingasiza umuntu ukuba ajwayele noma alulame ku-dystonia.

Izinkinga kanye nemiphumela emibi engaba khona ngenxa yokwelashwa kuncike ezintweni eziningana, njengendlela yokwelashwa. Udokotela wakho angahlola isimo sakho futhi achaze ukuthi yini ongayilindela.

Ngingazinakekela kanjani futhi ngiphathe izimpawu zami?

I-Dystonia iyinkinga ohlelweni lwezinzwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi awukwazi ukuyixilonga bese uyelapha wena. I-Dystonia ingahlotshaniswa nezimo ezimbi nezisongela ukuphila, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukubona udokotela ngokushesha .

Isikhathi esithathayo ukuze uzizwe ungcono futhi ululame ngemva kokwelashwa sincike ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukuthi kungani i-dystonia yakho yaqala, ukuthi inzima kangakanani, ukuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ozitholile, kanye nokuthi yiziphi ezinye izimo zempilo onazo. Udokotela wakho angakutshela ukuthi kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi uzizwe ungcono futhi ululame.

Iyini inhloso ye-dystonia? Yini engingayilindela uma nginayo?

Umbono we-dystonia uncike ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa imbangela, iminyaka oyiqala ngayo, lapho izimpawu zenzeka khona emzimbeni, umlando wakho wezempilo, kanye nokwelashwa okutholayo. Udokotela wakho angakutshela kangcono ngesimo sakho.

• Umbono we-dystonia eyinhloko: Ngokuvamile, uma i-dystonia eyinhloko iqala ekuqaleni kokuphila, umbono ungase ungabi muhle kangako. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-dystonia eyinhloko ingahluka kusukela ku-focal (endaweni eyodwa) kuya ku-generalized (kuwo wonke umzimba). Uma usheshe waba nalesi simo, kulapho amathuba okuthi sisabalale khona maningi. Umbono we-focal dystonia muhle ngoba uthinta indawo elinganiselwe yomzimba kuphela.
• Umbono we-dystonia yesibili: Lokhu kuncike kakhulu esimweni esingaphansi. Uma isimo esingaphansi singelapheka futhi sibuyiselwa emuva, isibikezelo singcono. Kodwa-ke, uma sibangelwa isimo esingamahlalakhona, isibikezelo asisihle kangako. Kodwa-ke, kunezimo lapho i-dystonia ingaphathwa futhi yelapheke naphezu kwezinye izimo ezingamahlalakhona.

Uma i-dystonia eyinhloko isiqalile, iba yisimo sokuphila konke. Ingelashwa, kodwa ayinakwelapheka ngokuphelele, futhi ngeke ilulame ngokwayo .

I-dystonia yesibili ingaba yisimo sesikhashana. Kuncike embangela eyinhloko. Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ivele ezintweni ezifana nokutheleleka, ukulimala, kanye nemithi ethile.

Ngingayinciphisa kanjani ingozi ye-dystonia, noma ngiyivimbele ngokuphelele?

I-Dystonia yenzeka ngokungalindelekile, ngakho awukwazi ukuyivimbela. Awukwazi ukunciphisa ingozi yakho yokuthola i-primary dystonia. Ingazuzwa njengefa noma ingavela ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo.

Kodwa-ke, ungavimbela noma unciphise ingozi yokuthola ezinye zezici ezibangela i-dystonia yesibili . Nazi ezinye izinto ongayenza:

• Yidla ukudla okulinganiselayo futhi ugcine isisindo esinempilo. Izifo eziningi ezihlobene nohlelo lwakho lokujikeleza kwegazi kanye nempilo yenhliziyo, ikakhulukazi isifo sohlangothi, zingalimaza izindawo zobuchopho bakho futhi zibangele i-dystonia.
• Ungakushayi indiva ukutheleleka. Ukutheleleka kwamehlo nendlebe kudinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Uma lokhu kutheleleka kusakazekela ebuchosheni, kungaba usongo olukhulu. Ukutheleleka kungabangela ukuvuvukala kobuchopho (encephalitis), okungaholela ku-dystonia.
• Gqoka imishini yokuzivikela. Ukulimala kobuchopho okulimazayo kungalimaza ubuchopho bakho futhi kubangele i-dystonia.
• Lawula izimo zakho zempilo. Izimo zesikhathi eside ezifana nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, kanye nesifo sokuwa zingabangela noma zibangele ezinye izimo ezingaholela ku-dystonia.

Ngingazinakekela kanjani?

Uma une-dystonia, kunezinto eziningana ongazenza ukuze uzinakekele:

• Gwema i-caffeine notshwala ngaphandle kokuthi udokotela wakho akuncome. Lokhu kungenza izimpawu ze-dystonia zibe zimbi kakhulu.
• Lawula ukucindezeleka kwakho. Ukukhathazeka nokucindezeleka kungenza i-dystonia ibe yimbi kakhulu. Unganciphisa le ngozi ngokwenza izinto ezifana nokuzindla, ukuqeqeshwa kokuphumula, kanye nokuzivocavoca.
• Gwema imisebenzi eyenza izimpawu zakho zibe zimbi kakhulu. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-dystonia zivame ukwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukugwema lezo zikhathi, uma kungenzeka, kungasiza ekunciphiseni ubukhali bezimpawu zakho.
• Funda ukuthi ungayiphatha kanjani isimo sakho.Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-dystonia zingaphathwa "ngamaqhinga okuzwa." Igama eliyisihluthulelo salokhu yi-"geste antagoniste" (igama lesiFulentshi elisho "isenzo esiphambene"). Lezi zinhlobo zesenzo zingathuthukisa okwesikhashana izimpawu ze-dystonia. Kodwa ochwepheshe abaqiniseki ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka. Isibonelo, ukuthinta isilevu noma uhlangothi lobuso kungasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu ze-cervical dystonia (isimo esithinta imisipha entanyeni). Udokotela wakho angabona ukuthi uyasabela yini kulezi zinhlobo zesenzo futhi akufundise ukuthi ungazisebenzisa kanjani.
• Thatha umuthi wakho ngendlela efanele. Uma uthatha umuthi we-dystonia, thatha njengoba uyalelwe. Ukuyeka umuthi ngokuzumayo kungenza izimpawu ze-dystonia zibe zimbi kakhulu noma kubangele eminye imiphumela emibi.

Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela? Kufanele ngifune nini usizo oluphuthumayo?

Uma une-dystonia, kufanele uvakashele udokotela wakho ngokulandelayo njengoba kunconywe udokotela wakho. Bona udokotela wakho uma izimpawu zakho zishintsha noma ziba zimbi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma ziphazamisa impilo yakho yansuku zonke. Futhi, bona udokotela wakho uma imithi noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingasebenzi, noma uma unemiphumela emibi engabekezeleleki noma ephazamisayo.

Kufanele ngiye nini eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (i-ETU) ?

Uma unezinye zezimpawu ezingase zibonise ukuthi unesifo sohlangothi, kufanele uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo. Khumbula ukushayela ucingo ku-1990 (isevisi ye-ambulensi ephuthumayo yaseSri Lanka) ukuze uthole izimpawu zohlangothi, futhi ukhumbule ukuthi SHESHA .

• F (Ubuso): Ingabe uhlangothi olulodwa noma zombili izinhlangothi zobuso ziyagoba lapho umuntu ezama ukumamatheka?
• A (Ingalo): Uma umuntu ezama ukuphakamisa zombili izingalo, ingabe ingalo eyodwa ilenga phansi?
• S (Inkulumo): Ingabe umuntu angakwazi ukukhuluma ngokucacile futhi aqonde ukuthi abanye bathini?
• T (Isikhathi): Uma othile enalezi zimpawu, shayela u-911 ngokushesha! Isifo sohlangothi siwumjaho ohambisana nesikhathi. Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuthola umphumela omuhle kanye nokululama.

I-Dystonia yisimo sobuchopho esibangela ukuba imisipha yakho inyakaze ngokungalawuleki. Ingabangelwa izinto ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ezimweni zofuzo kuya ezifweni zesikhashana.

Ezinye izinto engicabanga ukuthi zibalulekile kuwe (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngakho-ke, ngithemba ukuthi uyaqonda ukuthi besikhuluma ngani nge-Dystonia. Khumbula, yize lesi kuyisimo esiyinkimbinkimbi, awuwedwa .

• Uma wena noma othile omaziyo enalezi zimpawu, ungangabazi ukubona udokotela . Uma kusheshe kwatholakala ukuthi unalesi sifo, kuba lula kakhulu ukuselapha.
• Akuzona zonke izifo ze-dystonia ezifanayo, ngakho khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okulungele isimo sakho.
• Ngezinye izikhathi, ukwenza izinguquko ezincane endleleni yokuphila (njengokunciphisa i-caffeine notshwala, nokunciphisa ukucindezeleka) kungasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu.
• Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela. Thatha imithi yakho njengoba uyalelwe. Ungayeki ukuyithatha wedwa.

Sithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luwusizo kuwe. Hlala uphilile!

I- Dystonia, Ukuphazamiseka kwesistimu yezinzwa, Ukufinyela kwemisipha, Ukunyakaza okungazikhetheli, Izimo zobuchopho, i-Dyskinesia, i-Dystonia, Ukuphazamiseka kwesistimu yezinzwa, Ukufinyela kwemisipha, Ukunyakaza okungazikhetheli, Izimo zobuchopho, i-Dyskinesia