Ingabe ingane yakho ikuthola kunzima ukudla amaqanda? Ake sixoxe ngalokhu kungezwani namaqanda!

Sonke siyazi ukuthi amaqanda ayikudla okunomsoco kakhulu. Kodwa abanye abantu, ikakhulukazi izingane ezincane, bangaba nezinkinga ezahlukahlukene lapho bedla amaqanda. Ngezinye izikhathi angaba nzima ngendlela engakholeki. Ngakho-ke namuhla sizokhuluma ngalokhu kungezwani namaqanda, noma `(Ukungezwani Namaqanda)`. Uma wena, noma othile emndenini wakho, enalesi simo, khona-ke le ndaba izobaluleka kakhulu kuwe.

Kuyini Ukungezwani Neqanda?

Kalula nje, ukungezwani neqanda kwenzeka lapho amasosha omzimba ethu esabela ngokweqile kumaprotheni athile emaqandeni. Ngokuqondile, amasosha omzimba ethu, afana nohlelo lokuzivikela lomzimba wethu, aqaphela amaprotheni amaqanda njengesitha bese eqala ukulwa. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukusabela kokungezwani negazi.

Ngokuvamile, lokhu kungezwani komzimba kubangelwa amaqanda enkukhu , kodwa abanye abantu bangaba nokungezwani komzimba namanye amaqanda ezilwane, njengedada, i-turkey, namaqanda ezigwaca.

Okubaluleke kakhulu: Ukungezwani namaqanda kungaba kubi kakhulu futhi ngezinye izikhathi kusongela impilo . Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezinzima, njengokuvuvukala komphimbo kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula, kufanele uye esibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha noma ushayele u-911. Lokhu akuyona into okufanele uyithathe kalula.

Kuvamile kangakanani lokhu?

Ungase umangale ukuzwa ukuthi ukungezwani namaqanda kungokwesibili okuvame kakhulu ezinganeni . Kodwa odokotela bathi cishe yi-2% kuphela yezingane ezinawo. Lokho kusho ukuthi awuvamile kangako. Uvame kakhulu ezinganeni kunabantu abadala.

Kodwa kunezindaba ezinhle! Cishe ingxenye yezingane ezinale allergy zizokhula zidlule eminyakeni emi-5. Futhi, lapho zineminyaka eyi-16, cishe u-70% wezingane uzobe esekhulile ngokuphelele. Enye into ukuthi cishe u-70% wezingane ezine allergy yamaqanda zingabekezelela amaprotheni amaqanda aphekiwe kahle (isibonelo, ekhekheni).

Ziyini izimpawu zokungezwani neqanda?

Izimpawu zivame ukuqala ngemizuzu embalwa yokudla iqanda. Kodwa-ke, lezi zimpawu zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Abanye abantu bangase babe nezimpawu ezincane kuphela, kanti abanye bangase babe nezimpawu ezinzima.

Izimpawu ezivame ukubonakala:

• Isisu esibuhlungu
• Uhudo
• Ukukhwehlela
• Amabala abomvu noma ukuqubuka esikhumbeni (Ama-Hives)
• Ukuluma (Pruritus)
• Isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza
• Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba
• Ukuba ndikindiki noma ukuvuvukala kwezindebe, ulimi, noma umphimbo

Izimpawu ezibucayi (lezi ziyingozi!):

Uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu, kungaba ukusabela okubi kakhulu, okusongela impilo okubizwa ngokuthi "i-Anaphylaxis." Uma kungelashwa ngokushesha, kungaba yingozi.

• Ukudideka
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (i-Dyspnea)
• Ubunzima bokugwinya ukudla (i-Dysphagia)
• Isiyezi
• Ukwehla okungazelelwe komfutho wegazi (i-Hypotension)
• I-Syncope
• Ukuzwa ukuqina esifubeni noma emphinjeni

Kungani lokhu kungezwani namaqanda kwenzeka?

Uma une-allergy yamaqanda, amasosha omzimba wakho asabela ngokweqile kumaphrotheni athile emaqandeni. Ngokuvamile, amaphrotheni abangela lokhu kungezwani atholakala kumaqanda amhlophe .

Uma uqala ukudla amaqanda, umzimba wakho ukhiqiza i-antibody ebizwa ngokuthi `(Immunoglobulin E - IgE)`. Le antibody `(IgE)` ibopha kumaseli okungezwani komzimba abizwa ngokuthi `(Mast Cells)` esikhumbeni sakho, ohlelweni lokuphefumula (imigudu yomoya), kanye nohlelo lwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Ngemuva kwalokho, uma udla amaqanda futhi, le antibody `(IgE)` ibona amaprotheni amaqanda futhi ikhiphe ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi `(Histamine)`. Le `(Histamine)` yiyo ebangela izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba.

Lokhu kusabela kwe-`(IgE)` kwenzeka ngokushesha ngemva kokudla amaqanda. Ngezinye izikhathi kungadlulela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu njenge-`(Anaphylaxis).`

Umehluko Phakathi Kokungabekezeleli Amaqanda Nokungezwani Namaqanda

Ngezinye izikhathi, ukudla amaqanda kungabangela ezinye izinkinga. Kubizwa ngokuthi "ukungabekezelelani kwamaqanda" noma ukungakwazi ukubekezelela amaqanda. Lokhu akulutho ngaphandle kwe-antibody "ye-IgE". Lapha, ukusabela kuthatha isikhathi ukwenzeka, ngezinye izikhathi kuze kube amahora angu-48. Izimpawu zivame ukuvela endaweni "yesisu - GI" yomzimba.

• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Uhudo
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza

Ungadidanisi lokhu okubili. Ukungezwani komzimba yikona okungaba yingozi.

Yimaphi amaprotheni ayinhloko abangela ukungezwani namaqanda?

Amaprotheni amaningana emaqandeni angafaka isandla kulokhu. Amaprotheni ayinhloko yilawa:

• I-Ovomucoid: Lokhu kutholakala kumaqanda amhlophe.
• I-Ovotransferrin: Lokhu akulula ukukuphula ngenxa yokushisa. Ngakho-ke uma une-allergy kukho, ungase ungakwazi ukudla amaqanda aluhlaza, kanye namaqanda abilisiwe noma athosiwe.
• I-Ovalbumin: Lokhu kuyaphuka uma kushiswa kahle. Ngakho-ke ungase ungabi nezimpawu zokungezwani komzimba ngokudla amaqanda aphekiwe kahle.
• I-Lysozyme: Cishe abantu abangu-30% abane-allergies yamaqanda banomuzwa wokuzwela lokhu.

Ubani othinteka kakhulu yilokhu kungezwani komzimba?

Noma ubani angaba nokungezwani namaqanda, kodwa kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5. Iningi lezingane liyakhula lidlule kulokhu kungezwani njengoba izinhlelo zazo zokugaya ukudla zivuthwa.

Uma omunye wezingane zami enokungezwani namaqanda, ingabe nabanye bazokuthola nakho?

Cha, akudingeki kube njalo. Ngisho noma wena, omunye umzali wengane, noma umfowenu noma umfowenu ninokungezwani namaqanda, kufanele nifake amaqanda kubo bonke abanye abantwana ngendlela efanayo.

Wazi kanjani ukuthi unesifo sokungezwani namaqanda?

Uma ucabanga ukuthi wena noma ingane yakho ningaba nezimpawu zokungezwani neqanda, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela . Angase akuthumele kudokotela wezifo zokungezwani negazi/udokotela wezifo. Bazokubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Ingabe ukhona emndenini wakho onesifo sokungezwani nokudla ngenxa yamaqanda noma okunye ukudla?
• Ingabe udokotela wake wakuxilonga ngaphambilini ukuthi unesifo sokungezwani nokudla?
• Ziyini izimpawu zakho?
• Izimpawu ziqala nini?
• Ingabe usebenzisa imithi ethengiswa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela (OTC) yalezi zimpawu?
• Ingabe ugcina idayari yalokho okudlayo nokuphuzayo?

Yiziphi izivivinyo zokuxilonga?

Udokotela we-allergies angenza izivivinyo ezahlukene kuye ngezimpawu zakho.

• Ukuhlolwa Kokugwazwa Kwesikhumba:

Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka inani elincane leqanda elimhlophe esikhumbeni sakho. Okokuqala, hlanza isikhumba esingalweni noma emhlane wakho, ubeke ithonsi loketshezi olumhlophe lweqanda kuso, bese uklwebha isikhumba kancane. Lokhu akubuhlungu kakhulu, futhi akophi. Ngemva kwemizuzu engaba ngu-15, uhlola ukuthi indawo ibomvu noma ivuvukele yini. Ungenza lokhu kuhlolwa esikhathini esingaphansi kwehora.

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi `(Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi kwe-IgE):

Lapha, kuthathwa isampula encane yegazi emthanjeni osengalweni yakho bese ithunyelwa elabhorethri. Ilabhorethri ifaka iphrotheni yeqanda esampula yegazi futhi ilinganisa izinga lama-antibodies ``(IgE)`` akuyo. Imiphumela ingathatha cishe isonto ukuthi ibuye.

• Inselele Yomlomo Ehlelwe Ngezinga / Inselele Yokudla:

Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unesifo sokungezwani neqanda. Kwenziwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela. Unikwa inani elincane leqanda (mhlawumbe iqanda elibilisiwe noma iqanda elibhakiwe) bese ucelwa ukuthi uqaphele noma yikuphi ukusabela. Lokhu kungathatha cishe amahora amane.

Kungenzeka yini ukuqeda ngokuphelele ukungezwani namaqanda?

Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninokungezwani namaqanda, okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuvimbela ukusabela ukugwema amaqanda nakho konke ukudla okuqukethe amaqanda. Izinhlangano ezifana ne-U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) zidinga abakhiqizi bokudla ukuthi babhale ngokucacile izinto ezibangela ukungezwani namaqanda emalebula okudla. Izwe lethu linemithetho efanayo.

Okunye ukudla okungenamaqanda kungenziwa ezindaweni ezifanayo ezicubungula ukudla okunamaqanda, ngakho-ke qaphela amalebula asho izinto ezifana nokuthi "Kwenziwe endaweni ecubungula amaqanda."

Njengoba izingane eziningi zikhula zidlula lokhu kungezwani komzimba, ingane yakho ingase ingadingi ukwelashwa okukhethekile. Kodwa-ke, uma ukungezwani komzimba kungapheli, ungase ufune ukukhuluma nodokotela wezifo zokungezwani komzimba mayelana nokwelashwa okunciphisa ukuzwela kokudla, njenge-Oral Immunotherapy (OIT).

Yimiphi imithi ekhethekile yokungezwani namaqanda okukhulu?

Uma une-allergy enkulu yamaqanda, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza i-epinephrine auto-injector, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-EpiPen®. Lokhu kungalapha ngokushesha izimpawu zokusabela okunzima, njenge-anaphylaxis. Kufanele uhlale unalokhu. Udokotela wakho uzochaza ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani.

Kodwa uma ungasakwazi ukumelana namaqanda noma unesifo sokungezwani komzimba esingeyona i-IgE, awudingi le epinephrine.

Imiphumela emibi yomjovo we-Epinephrine:

Lokhu ngokuvamile akukubi kangako futhi kuyaphela ngokushesha.

• Ukukhathazeka
• Isiyezi
• Umlomo owomile
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Ukujuluka okukhulu
• Isicanucanu
• Ukukhathala

Yini okufanele ilindelwe umuntu onesifo sokungezwani namaqanda?

Ukuphila nokungezwani neqanda kungaba nzima ngezinye izikhathi. Izimpawu zingaba zincane noma zibe zimbi kakhulu. Ukuthi nje ube nokusabela okuncane ngesikhathi esidlule akusho ukuthi uzoba nokusabela okufanayo ngesikhathi esizayo. Kungaba nzima kakhulu. Uma uke waba nokusabela okukhulu ngaphambili, kungenzeka ukuthi ube nokusabela okukhulu futhi.

Kodwa-ke, uma uqaphela, wena nomntanakho ningaqhubeka nokwenza imisebenzi yabo yansuku zonke njengokujwayelekile. Odokotela bangakudlulisela ezinsizeni, emaqenjini okusekela, kanye nochwepheshe bezokudla ukuze bakusize.

Njengoba izingane ezincane zikhula futhi izinhlelo zazo zokugaya ukudla zivuthwa, ukungezwani namaqanda kungase kuphele. Ngakho-ke, kuwumqondo omuhle ukubona udokotela wezifo zokungezwani komzimba minyaka yonke ukuze ahlolwe .

Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukusabela kokungezwani namaqanda?

Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukugwema ukudla, iziphuzo, imithi, nanoma yimiphi eminye imikhiqizo equkethe amaqanda namaprotheni amaqanda.

• Hlola njalo ilebula lezithako ekudleni okupakishiwe.
• Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi umkhiqizo unamaqanda yini, ungawusebenzisi uze uqinisekise nomenzi wawo.

Ingabe kuphephile ukuthola umjovo womkhuhlane uma nginesifo sokungezwani neqanda?

Yebo, kuphephile ukuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane. Imijovo eminingi yomkhuhlane iqukethe inani elincane leprotheyini yamaqanda. Kodwa noma ngabe une-allergy yamaqanda, kuphephile ukuwuthola. Uma usakhathazekile, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nemijovo yomkhuhlane engenamaqanda. I-Flublok® Quadrivalent kanye ne-Flucelvax® Quadrivalent ziyizinketho ezimbili ezinjalo ezingenamaqanda.

Uma nginesifo sokungezwani namaqanda, ngingazinakekela kanjani?

Lezi zeluleko zizokusiza kakhulu:

• Hlala uqaphele ukuthi udlani futhi uphuzani.Ngisho noma uke wadla ukudla okwakungeyona inkinga ngesikhathi sokugcina, hlola ilebula ngaphambi kokukudla futhi. Abakhiqizi bangashintsha iresiphi bese befaka amaqanda.
• Uma ingane yakho inomdlavuza wamaqanda, yifundise ukuthi ingadli ukudla kubangani noma ofunda nabo.
• Uma udla ngaphandle, tshela uweta ukuthi une-allergy yamaqanda. Buza imininingwane mayelana nezithako kanye nendlela ukudla okulungiselelwe ngayo.
• Gqoka isongo se-Medical Alert noma uphathe ikhadi elinolwazi mayelana nokungezwani namaqanda akho.
• Faka lolu lwazi kuzilungiselelo noma kuhlelo lokusebenza lwezimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha lwefoni yakho.
• Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nendlela yokulungiselela ukusabela. Angase akunike umuthi wokujova i-epinephrine auto-injector. Kufanele uwuphathe njalo.

Uma une-allergy yamaqanda, yikuphi ukudla okufanele ukugweme?

Ukudla okuvamile okungase kube namaqanda:

• Ukudla okubhakiwe (amakhekhe, amabhanisi, amabhisikidi)
• Ukudla okuphekiwe
• Ukugcwaliswa Kwekhekhe Nephayi
• I-Custard
• I-Eggnog
• Ama-Marshmallow
• Imayonnaise
• Inyama yemifino
• I-pasta (ezinye izinhlobo)
• Ama-pretzels (ezinye izinhlobo)
• Inyama ecutshunguliwe
• I-Pudding
• Izithako zesaladi

Cabanga ngakho, ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube namaqanda ekudleni esingakucabangi nokukucabanga. Isibonelo, amaqanda asetshenziswa kwamanye amasoso, amasobho, kanye nama-ayisikhilimu. Ngakho-ke funda ilebula ngokucophelela njalo.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma uba nezimpawu ngemva kokudla amaqanda noma imikhiqizo equkethe amaqanda, bona udokotela ngokushesha.

Kufanele ngiye nini eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (i-ETU) ?

Uma uqala ukuzwa izimpawu ze-`(Anaphylaxis)`, noma uma uzizwa sengathi awukwazi ukuphefumula, iya ekamelweni eliphuthumayo ngokushesha noma ushayele u-1990.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela?

• Ubona kanjani ukuthi nginesifo sokungezwani neqanda?
• Ngingawafaka nini amaqanda enganeni yami?
• Ingabe ukungezwani namaqanda kwengane yami kuzophela?
• Ingabe kukhona amaqembu okusekela abantu abanokungezwani namaqanda noma abazali babo?
• Ungamncoma yini uchwepheshe wezokudla?

Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi nginozwela lweqanda?

Uma uzwa izimpawu ezincane ngemva kokudla amaqanda, ungase ube nokuzwela kwamaqanda. Uma ucabanga ukuthi "unokungabekezelelani kwamaqanda", khuluma nodokotela.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukungezwani namaqanda?

Cishe ama-70% ezingane ezine-allergies zamaqanda zikhula zidlule lapho zineminyaka engu-16. Kodwa ezinye zingase zingaphinde zikhule zidlule.

Ungakwazi yini ukuba nomdlavuza wamaqanda kamuva ekuphileni?

Yebo, kungenzeka ukuthi umuntu abe nohlobo olusha lokungezwani namaqanda kamuva ekuphileni.

Umyalezo Wokugcina Wokuya Nasekhaya

Ukungezwani namaqanda kungaba yisimo esididayo nesesabisayo ngezinye izikhathi. Izimpawu zingaba zincane noma zibe zimbi kakhulu. Kungaba nzima futhi kudideke, kodwa udokotela angakusiza. Bangenza izivivinyo zokuqinisekisa ukuthi unesifo sokungezwani namaqanda yini bese bekudlulisela kudokotela wezokudla ukuze akusize uthole ukudla okungcono kakhulu ongakudla.

Khumbula:

• Uma ungabaza, gwema amaqanda nemikhiqizo equkethe amaqanda.
• Funda njalo amalebula okudla.
• Uma une-allergies enzima, hlala uphethe i-EpiPen®.
• Landela iseluleko sezokwelapha.

Ungakhathazeki. Ngokwazi nokunakekela, ungahlala uphilile ngisho noma une-allergy yamaqanda. Awuwedwa, baningi abantu ongakhuluma nabo futhi uthole usizo kubo.

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