Ingabe inhliziyo yakho ithelelekile? Ake sixoxe nge-(Endocarditis)!

Wake wezwa ukuthi inhliziyo ingangenwa yigciwane? Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungaba kubi kakhulu. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimo esithinta ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi lwenhliziyo. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi `(Endocarditis)`. Ngenxa yokuthi lokhu kungaba kubi kakhulu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.

Ngakho-ke kuyini lokhu `(Endocarditis)`?

Kalula nje, i-Endocarditis ukuvuvukala noma ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi lwangaphakathi lwenhliziyo yakho, ulwelwesi oluncane oluzungeze amakamelo ikakhulukazi ama-valve enhliziyo - sikubiza ngokuthi i-endocardium. Njengezindonga zendlu, inhliziyo nayo inolwelwesi oluncane ngaphakathi. Yilokho i-endocardium eyikho.

Ngalesi sivuvu, izimila ezincane, njengezimila, ziqala ukwakheka ongqimbeni lwangaphakathi lwenhliziyo. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi 'izitshalo'. Njengoba lezi 'zitshalo' ziqhubeka, izicubu zenhliziyo ezizungezile ziqala ukubhujiswa kancane kancane. Kufana nesinambuzane esidla iqabunga esihlahleni. Lokhu kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu kuma-valve enhliziyo yakho. Uma kungelashwa, '(i-Endocarditis)' ingaba yingozi. Ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-`(Endocarditis)`?

Manje bheka, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-`(Endocarditis)`.

1. I-Endocarditis Ethelelanayo

2. I-Endocarditis engatheleleki

1. Kuyini i-Infective Endocarditis?

Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-endocarditis. Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi amagciwane - ngokuvamile amagciwane - anamathela ezicutshini zenhliziyo yakho ezonakele futhi abangele ukutheleleka. Odokotela ngezinye izikhathi babiza lokhu ngokuthi i-bacterial endocarditis noma i-BE.

Kulokhu `(I-Endocarditis Ethelelanayo)`, `(izitshalo)` okukhulunywe ngazo ngaphambili zakhiwa yizinto ezilandelayo:

• Ukuthelela izinto eziphilayo (njengama-bacteria noma ngezinye izikhathi isikhunta)
• `(Fibrin)` (Lena yiprotheni esiza ukujiya kwegazi)
• Ama-platelet (izingcezu ezincane zamaseli egazini)

Cabanga ngakho, njengokufaka ibhandishi esilondeni, la magciwane, `(Fibrin)` kanye `(Platelets)` ayahlangana ukuze akhe lezo `(izitshalo)` ngaphakathi kwenhliziyo.

2. Kuyini i-Endocarditis Engeyona Ethelelanayo?

Lolu hlobo aluvamile kakhulu. Nalapha futhi, lezo `(izitshalo)` zakheka engxenyeni engaphakathi yenhliziyo, kodwa imbangela akuyona ukutheleleka. Yingakho lezi zibizwa ngokuthi `(izitshalo ezingenhlwanyeli)`, okusho ukuthi `(izitshalo)` ezingenawo amagciwane.

I-endocarditis engatheleleki yisimo esihlotshaniswa nezimo ezenza igazi lakho lijiye kalula ("isimo esingakwazi ukujiya igazi"). Isibonelo:

• `(I-Antiphospholipid syndrome)`
• `(Lupus)` (Abanye abantu babiza lokhu ngokuthi `(Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)`)

Odokotela basebenzisa amanye amagama amaningana kulesi simo (i-Non-infective Endocarditis):

• `(I-Libman-Sacks endocarditis)`
• `(I-endocarditis ye-thrombotic engeyona eyamagciwane)` noma `(NBTE)`
• `(I-Marantic endocarditis)`

Ziyini izimpawu ze-`(Endocarditis)`? Ungayibona kanjani?

Manje ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ezingavela kulesi simo `(Endocarditis)`. Kufanele uqaphele kakhulu ngalezi zimpawu.

Izimpawu ze-Infectious Endocarditis:

Lezi yizimpawu ezivame ukubonakala:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Umsindo wenhliziyo ongajwayelekile (“ukububula kwenhliziyo” okuzwiwa udokotela lapho elalele nge-“stethoscope”)
• Ukwanda kwesilinganiso senhliziyo (i-Tachycardia)
• Ukukhathala
• Umkhuhlane (ungaba ngaphezu kuka-38.4°C noma u-100°F)
• Amakhaza nokujuluka ebusuku
• Ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla kanye nokwehla kwesisindo
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha namalunga
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (`(Dyspnea)`)
• Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, okungukuthi, ukuqubuka okufana nokuqubuka.
• Ukuvuvukala esiswini noma emilenzeni
• Igazi emchameni (`(Hematuria)`)

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma unalezi zimpawu, kufanele uye esibhedlela ngokushesha. I-Infective Endocarditis yisimo esisongela ukuphila.

Isimo `(Infective Endocarditis)` singathinta ngezindlela ezimbili:

• Okubukhali: Lokhu kuqala ngokuzumayo. Kungaba yingozi empilweni zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa, kube nezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane omkhulu kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo.
• I-Subacute: Lena inqubo eyenzeka kancane kancane. Izimpawu zingase zivele kancane kancane esikhathini esingamasonto noma izinyanga.

Izimpawu ze-Endocarditis Engatheleleki:

Ngokuvamile azikho izimpawu ezithile ezihambisana nalolu hlobo lwe-endocarditis. Kodwa-ke, ungase ube nezimpawu zesimo sezokwelapha esingaphansi (njenge-lupus) esibangela lokhu. Iningi labantu abane-endocarditis engatheleleki abazi ukuthi banayo, futhi itholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwesithombe senhliziyo (njenge-echocardiogram) ngesinye isizathu. Ngezinye izikhathi, lesi simo sitholakala ekuhlolweni kwesidumbu.

Yiziphi izimbangela ze-Endocarditis?

Ngokuvamile, imbangela eyinhloko ye-endocarditis ukutheleleka ngamagciwane . Lawa magciwane angena egazini lakho evela kwenye indawo emzimbeni wakho - isibonelo, emlonyeni wakho, esikhumbeni, noma ohlelweni lokuphefumula - bese ehamba ngegazi aye enhliziyweni yakho.

Cabanga nje, uma sinenxeba emlonyeni wethu, uma kukhona amagciwane ngemuva kwamazinyo ethu, uma sikhipha izinyo, ngezinye izikhathi lawo magciwane angangena egazini.

Izicubu zenhliziyo ezinempilo zivame ukumelana nokutheleleka. Okusho ukuthi, azitheleleki kalula. Kodwa-ke, uma kukhona umonakalo noma ubuthakathaka enhliziyweni, amathuba okuba `(Endocarditis)` aphezulu. Lawo magciwane ayafika anamathele ezicutshini ezonakele bese eqala ukukhula lapho. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, enza lokho okubizwa ngokuthi `(izitshalo)`, futhi akhiqiza nama-enzyme ahlukahlukene. Ngenxa yale nqubo, izicubu ezizungeze inhliziyo ziqala ukubhujiswa. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, ama-valve enhliziyo yiwo alimala kakhulu.

Yiziphi izinto ezandisa ingozi yokuthola `(i-Endocarditis)`?

Ngokuvamile, i-`(Endocarditis)` akuyona isifo esivame kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kunezici ezithile ezandisa ingozi yakho yokuthola lesi sifo. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini:

• Uma une-valve yenhliziyo yokwenziwa, i-pacemaker, noma i-defibrillator efakwe enhliziyweni yakho, kulula ukuthi amabhaktheriya anamathele kulawa madivayisi.
• Uma unesifo sikashukela, isifo sikashukela singanciphisa ikhono lomzimba lokulwa nezifo.
• Ezinye izimo zenhliziyo, ikakhulukazi isifo se-valve yenhliziyo kanye ne-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (ukuqina okungajwayelekile kwemisipha yenhliziyo).
• Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa nge-intravenous (ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa nge-IV). Lokhu kungangenisa amagciwane ngqo egazini ngokusebenzisa izinaliti ezingcolile.
• Impilo yamazinyo embi kanye nesifo sezinsini. Amabhaktheriya emlonyeni angangena egazini aye enhliziyweni.
• Uma uke waba nesifo senhliziyo esibizwa ngokuthi `(Bacterial Endocarditis)` ngaphambilini.
• Uma uke wahlinzwa ivalvu yenhliziyo ngaphambilini.
• Uma amasosha omzimba ebuthakathaka, izifo ezifana ne-HIV/AIDS, ukwelashwa komdlavuza, noma imithi ethile zingawenza buthaka amasosha omzimba.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-`(Endocarditis)`?

I-Endocarditis akuyona into okufanele ithathwe kalula. Uma ingatholakali futhi yelashwe kusenesikhathi, ingaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu. Nakhu okungenzeka:

• Ukuphazamiseka kwesigqi senhliziyo (i-Arrhythmia)
• Amathumba azungeze ama-valve enhliziyo
• Ukuvinjwa kwenhliziyo ( ukuphazamiseka kwezimpawu zikagesi zenhliziyo)
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo (ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo)
• I-valve yenhliziyo evuzayo
• I-Sepsis (ukutheleleka okukhulu okusakazeka emzimbeni wonke)
• Isifo sohlangothi (uma izingcezu zezitshalo ziphuka futhi zivale umthambo wegazi ebuchosheni)
• Ngisho nokufa kungenzeka.

Yingakho sithi funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha uma unezimpawu, ngoba uma lezi zinkinga zenzeka, isimo singaba sibi kakhulu.

Odokotela bayixilonga kanjani i-Endocarditis?

Uma unezimpawu ze-`(Endocarditis)` futhi unezici eziyingozi, udokotela wakho uzozama ukuthola lesi sifo ngokushesha okukhulu, ngoba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Ukuhlolwa okufana nalokhu kwenziwa ukuze kutholakale i-Endocarditis:

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi:

• Ukuhlolwa kokukhula kwamagciwane: Lokhu kunganquma ukuthi hlobo luni lwamagciwane egazini lakho. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekukhetheni ukwelashwa.
• Ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele (i-CBC): Lokhu kungasetshenziswa ukuhlola inani lamaseli egazini nokunikeza umbono wokutheleleka.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-C-reactive protein (CRP): Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi kukhona yini ukuvuvukala emzimbeni.

Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe:

Lezi zivivinyo zingahlola "izitshalo" zenhliziyo kanye nomonakalo enhliziyweni. Udokotela wakho angase ancome okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalokhu kuhlolwa:

• I-Echocardiogram: Lokhu kufana nokuskena kwenhliziyo nge-ultrasound. Kungahlola ukusebenza kwenhliziyo, isimo sama-valve, nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini izitshalo.
• I-Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE): Lokhu kuhilela ukudlulisa ipayipi elincane elifakwe ikhamera emphinjeni ukuze uthole umbono ocacile wenhliziyo nge-esophagus. Kungaveza izithombe ezicacile kune-echocardiogram evamile.
• I-MRI Yenhliziyo: Lokhu kunganikeza nezithombe ezinemininingwane zenhliziyo.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha `(Endocarditis)`?

I-Endocarditis yisifo esinciphisa impilo. Ukwelashwa okusheshayo kuyadingeka ukuze kumiswe umonakalo kuma-valve enhliziyo yakho futhi kuvinjelwe izinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu.

Ama-antibiotic:

Cishe kuzodingeka uphuze ama-antibiotic ngemithambo yegazi (ama-antibiotic e-IV) amasonto amaningana - ngokuvamile cishe amasonto ayisithupha . Yilokhu okuzokwelapha ngokuphelele ukutheleleka. Uma uhlobo oluqondile lwamagciwane egazini lakho selwaziwa, udokotela wakho angashintsha ama-antibiotic ukuze avumelane.

Phakathi nokwelashwa kwakho, udokotela wakho uzoqapha njalo izimpawu zakho ukuze abone ukuthi ukwelashwa kuyasebenza yini. Bazophinda futhi ukuhlolwa kokukhula kwamagciwane.

Ukuhlinzwa:

Uma i-endocarditis yonakalise enye yama-valve enhliziyo yakho noma enye ingxenye yenhliziyo yakho, ungase udinge nokuhlinzwa. Isibonelo, kungase kudingeke ukuthi ulungise i-valve eyonakele noma ufake i-valve entsha.

Ingabe lesi sifo singavinjelwa?

I-Endocarditis ayinakuvinjelwa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kodwa-ke, uma usengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo (uyakhumbula izici eziyingozi okukhulunywe ngazo ngaphambili?), noma uma uke waba ne-endocarditis ngaphambili, udokotela wakho angancoma ukuthi uthathe ama-antibiotic okuvimbela ngaphambi kwezinqubo ezithile zamazinyo. Izibonelo zezinqubo ezinjalo zamazinyo zifaka:

• Ukwelashwa kwezinsini zakho
• Ukwelashwa okuhlobene nendawo engezansi yamazinyo akho
• Ukwelashwa okuhlobene ne-mucosa yomlomo

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazisa odokotela bakho (odokotela abavamile kanye nodokotela bamazinyo) ukuthi unesifo senhliziyo esikubeka engcupheni enkulu yokuthola i-`(Endocarditis)`. Futhi, gcina okuthile okufana nekhadi le-ID esikhwameni sakho eliqukethe iziqondiso ezidingekayo zama-antibiotic. I-`(American Heart Association)` inikeza amakhadi anjalo (eSri Lanka, ungabuza udokotela wakho ngalokhu).

Uma ngine-`(Endocarditis)`, yini okufanele ngiyilindele?

Ungalindela ukuthatha ama-antibiotic amasonto amabili kuya kwayisishiyagalombili ukuze uqede ukutheleleka. Iningi labantu liyalulama kwi-endocarditis ngokwelashwa okuhle nokusheshayo. Kodwa-ke, ingozi yezinkinga ezinkulu noma ukufa incike ezintweni ezifana nalezi:

• iminyaka yakho
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi une-valve yenhliziyo yokwenziwa noma cha
• Isikhathi esingakanani ukutheleleka sekukhona
• Hlobo luni lwesidalwa (uhlobo lwebhaktheriya) olukugulise?
• Ungakanani umonakalo owenziwe ku-valve yenhliziyo yakho?

Udokotela wakho angakunikeza umbono ongcono walokho ongakulindela ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho.

Ngokwelashwa okuhle, abantu abaningi bayalulama ku-`(Endocarditis)`. Qaphela izimpawu ze-`(Endocarditis)` bese uya egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha uma ucabanga ukuthi unaso. Futhi, ukugcina amazinyo akho nomlomo wakho kuhlanzekile kunganciphisa ingozi yakho yokuthola i-`(Endocarditis)`. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuxubha amazinyo akho nsuku zonke nokubona udokotela wamazinyo njalo ukuze ahlolwe.

Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka sizikhumbule kule ndaba?

Kulungile, ngakho-ke sesikhulume kakhulu nge-`(Endocarditis)`. Ngamafuphi, kufanelekile ukukhumbula la maphuzu:

• I-Endocarditis ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi lwangaphakathi lwenhliziyo, ikakhulukazi ama-valve. Imbangela eyinhloko yalokhu ukutheleleka ngamagciwane.
• Uma unezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukubanda, ukukhathala, ukuphelelwa umoya, noma ubuhlungu besifuba , ungazithathi kalula. Qaphela kakhulu lezi zimpawu uma unesifo senhliziyo, ivalvu yenhliziyo yokufakelwa, noma into eyingozi njengesifo sikashukela.
• Uma kuvela izimpawu,Ungachithi isikhathi futhi funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ukwelashwa okusheshayo kungasindisa izimpilo futhi kuvimbele izinkinga ezinkulu.
• Ukunakekela impilo yakho yomlomo kubaluleke kakhulu. Hlanza amazinyo akho kahle nsuku zonke futhi ubone udokotela wamazinyo njalo. Lokhu kuzosiza ekuvimbeleni `(i-Endocarditis)`.
• Uma usengozini enkulu ye-endocarditis, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi kufanele yini uphuze ama-antibiotic okuvimbela ngaphambi kokwelashwa kwamazinyo.

Khumbula, lolu lwazi luhloselwe ukukufundisa, hhayi ukukwethusa. Ukuqwashisa kubaluleke kakhulu empilweni enempilo. Uma unenkinga, ungesabi ukukhuluma nodokotela.

I- Endocarditis, izifo zenhliziyo, ama-valve enhliziyo, amagciwane, umkhuhlane, ukuphelelwa umoya, impilo yamazinyo