Uyafuna ukwazi ngegciwane i-Epstein-Barr? Ake sixoxe ngalo!

Wake wezwa nge-Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)? Ungase ube nayo, kodwa ungase ungayazi nhlobo. Iyigciwane elivame kakhulu, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwethu. Isikhathi esiningi liyafika futhi lidlule ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezinkulu. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizoxoxa ngokuningiliziwe ngokuthi iyini le gciwane le-Epstein-Barr, ukuthi silithola kanjani, yiziphi izimpawu, nokuthi singazivikela kanjani kuyo.

Iyini igciwane le-Epstein-Barr (EBV)?

Kalula nje, igciwane le-Epstein-Barr liyigciwane elivame kakhulu. Lisakazeka kakhulu ngamathe kanye nolunye uketshezi lomzimba. Ubuwazi ukuthi i-EBV iyilungu lomndeni we-herpesvirus. Ibizwa nangokuthi "i-Human Herpesvirus 4".

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukutheleleka okuningi kwe-EBV kuyaphela ngaphandle kwezimpawu. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi, ikakhulukazi entsheni kanye nasebancane, kungabangela isimo esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Infectious Mononucleosis." Abanye abantu basibiza ngokuthi "isifo sokuqabulana" ngoba sidluliselwa kalula ngamathe.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi uma usunegciwane le-EBV, lihlala lingasebenzi emzimbeni wakho impilo yakho yonke. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi leli gciwane elingasebenzi lingaphinde livele, okubangela ukuthi izimpawu ziphinde zivele.

Ubani othola lokhu kaningi? Kuvamile kangakanani?

Igciwane le-Epstein-Barr lingathinta noma ubani, kodwa livame kakhulu ezinganeni, entsheni, kanye nakubantu abadala abasebasha.

Lokhu kuvame kakhulu kangangokuthi, isibonelo, ezweni elifana neMelika, kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angu-50 ezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 kanye namaphesenti angaba ngu-95 abantu abadala bake batheleleka nge-EBV esikhathini esithile empilweni yabo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lokhu kuvame kakhulu kunalokho esikucabangayo. Lesi simo singase sifane ezweni lethu.

Igciwane le-Epstein-Barr lidluliselwa kanjani?

I-EBV iyigciwane elithelelanayo kakhulu. Idluliselwa kakhulu ngamathe. Isibonelo, uma uphuza engilazini esetshenziswa ngumuntu one-EBV, noma uma uqabula umuntu onayo, ungayithola.

Isikhathi esithathayo ukuthi izimpawu zivele ngemva kokutheleleka yileli gciwane, "isikhathi sokufukamela," ngokuvamile singaba amasonto amane kuya kwayisithupha.

Nakuba leli gciwane lisakazeka kakhulu ngamathe, lingadluliselwa nangamanye amanzi omzimba. Nazi ezinye izindlela elingadluliselwa ngazo:

• Kusukela kumaconsi amathe akhishwa lapho ukhwehlela noma uthimula.
• Ngokuqabulana.
• Ngocansi (ngegazi nesidoda).
• Ngokwabelana ngezinto ezifana nebhulashi lamazinyo, izitsha zokudla, kanye nezitsha zokudla.
• Ngokuthinta ithoyizi elifakwe yingane encane emlonyeni wayo futhi lifakwe amathe.

Ngisho noma utheleleke nge-EBV futhi ungenazo izimpawu, usengadlulisela igciwane komunye umuntu. Yileso isici esiyingozi. Igciwane lihlala emzimbeni, futhi izinto ezithile zingabangela ukuthi "liphinde lisebenze". Lowo muntu angase abe nezimpawu, noma angasakaza igciwane kwabanye ngisho noma engenazo izimpawu. Izici ezingabangela lokhu zifaka:

• Ukucindezeleka okukhulu kwengqondo.
• Isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka.
• Izinguquko ze-hormone (isb. ngesikhathi sokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini).

Kwenzekani uma leli gciwane lingena emizimbeni yethu?

Uma leli gciwane le-Epstein-Barr lingena emizimbeni yethu, liya ngqo kuma -B lymphocyte ethu, uhlobo olukhethekile lweseli elimhlophe legazi. Uyazi, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi afana nonogada bomzimba, labo abalwa nezifo. Ngakho-ke, uma leli gciwane linamathela kulawo maseli, lawo maseli awakwazi ukusebenza kahle. Bese kuba nzima ukulwa nezifo. Yilapho-ke siqala khona ukuthola izimpawu.

Ziyini izimpawu zegciwane le-Epstein-Barr?

Akuwona wonke umuntu ozoba nezimpawu ezifanayo uma ethola i-EBV. Abanye abantu bangase babe nezimpawu ezinzima kakhulu, kanti abanye bangase babe nezimpawu ezincane kakhulu. Nazi ezinye zezimpawu ezivame kakhulu:

• Ukuvuvukala komphimbo obuhlungu kanye nomphimbo.
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu, uzizwa ungaphili (Ukukhathala).
• Imfiva.
• Ama-lymph node avuvukele (ezindaweni ezifana nentamo).
• Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba.
• Ukuvuvukala kwesibindi kanye ne-spleen.

Uma izingane ezincane zithola i-EBV, zivame ukungabi nazimpawu nhlobo, noma zingase zibonise izimpawu zokugula kwesikhashana, njengomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane.

Kodwa-ke, uma intsha noma abantu abadala bethola igciwane, izimpawu zingahlala amasonto amabili kuya kwamane. Ukukhathala, ikakhulukazi, kungahlala izinyanga.

Ingabe izimpawu zingaphinde zivele?

Yebo, kungenzeka. Njengoba sesixoxile ngaphambili, uma usunegciwane le-Epstein-Barr, liya esimweni sokulala emzimbeni wakho, njengokungathi lilele. Kodwa-ke, uma amasosha omzimba wakho ebuthakathaka noma ungaphansi kokucindezeleka okukhulu, igciwane elilele lingaphinde livuke. Ngemuva kwalokho ungathola izimpawu futhi. Ngezinye izikhathi, noma ungenazo izimpawu, usengasabalalisa igciwane kwabanye.

Udokotela ukubona kanjani lokhu?

Empeleni kungaba inselele kancane kudokotela ukuthola igciwane le-Epstein-Barr, ngoba izimpawu zalo zifana kakhulu nezezinye izifo ezivamile, njengomkhuhlane ovamile kanye nomkhuhlane.

Uma ubona udokotela, bazokubuza ngezimpawu zakho, ukuthi sezinesikhathi esingakanani zikhona, nokuthi ngabe uke wavezwa yini kumuntu onegciwane. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuzokwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi (ukuhlolwa kwe-antibody yegciwane i-Epstein-Barr) ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.Lokhu kuhlolwa kuthatha isampula yegazi lakho bese kubheka ama-antibodies egciwane le-EBV. Ngezinye izikhathi, uma ukuhlolwa kokuqala kungabonisi ama-antibodies, kungadingeka ukuthi uphinde uhlolwe ezinsukwini eziyi-10 noma amasonto amabili.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha igciwane le-Epstein-Barr?

Akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwegciwane le-Epstein-Barr, okungukuthi, umuthi obhubhisa ngokuphelele igciwane. Okungenziwa nje ukwelapha izimpawu.

Lokhu okulandelayo kuvame ukwenziwa njengokwelashwa:

• Hlala unamanzi ngokuphuza amanzi amaningi kanye noketshezi.
• Ukuphumula kahle.
• Ukusebenzisa umuthi otholakala ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela wemfiva nobuhlungu.

Ukuphumula kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuphumula ngokwanele kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izimpawu ukuthi zingabi zimbi kakhulu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugwema umsebenzi onzima womzimba uma i-bell yakho ivuvukele ngenxa yegciwane, njengoba lokhu kungaholela ekuqhekekeni kwe-bell.

Kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama ngemva kokwelashwa?

Abantu abathola izimpawu zegciwane le-Epstein-Barr bavame ukuphola phakathi kwamasonto amabili kuya kwamane . Kodwa-ke, njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, abanye abantu bangase babe nalokho kukhathala amasonto, ngisho nezinyanga.

Ungazivikela kanjani kuleli gciwane?

Kunzima ukugwema ngokuphelele leli gciwane, njengoba livame kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, singathatha izinyathelo ezithile zokunciphisa ingozi yokulithola.

• Ungabelani ukudla neziphuzo nomuntu onegciwane.
• Ungamanga umuntu onegciwane.
• Ungabelani ngezinto ezifana namabhulashi amazinyo nomuntu onegciwane.
• Uma ulala nomuntu onegciwane, sebenzisa izindlela eziphephile.
• Geza izandla zakho kahle uma uthinta into engcoliswe amathe. Futhi, ungathinti noma yini engcoliswe amathe bese ufaka isandla sakho emlonyeni wakho.

Ukunakekela inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu kuyisihluthulelo lapha. Kungumthwalo wakho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awutheleli abanye, ikakhulukazi uma unezimpawu.

Ngingaya emsebenzini/esikoleni uma ngine-EBV?

Uma unezimpawu zegciwane le-Epstein-Barr, noma isimo esifana ne-"Infectious Mononucleosis", akufanele nakanjani uye esikoleni, emsebenzini, noma kwezinye izindawo zomphakathi. Ngoba lesi simo singasakazekela kalula kwabanye.

Udokotela wakho cishe uzokweluleka ukuthi uhlale ekhaya uphumule kuze kube yilapho izimpawu zakho ziphela futhi uzizwa ungcono kancane. Ngisho noma ezinye izimpawu ziphela, ukukhathala kungaqhubeka amasonto amaningana.

Ngingayibona nini udokotela?

Uma ucabanga ukuthi unezimpawu zegciwane le-Epstein-Barr, kungcono ukubona udokotela. Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko ukuphumula kanye nemithi yobuhlungu. Kodwa-ke,Uma uzwa ubuhlungu obukhulu, noma uma umkhuhlane wakho ungehli izinsuku eziningana, qiniseka ukuthi ufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela?

Uma ubona udokotela, ungakhohlwa ukubuza ngalezi zinto:

• "Ngingabuyela nini emsebenzini/esikoleni?"
• "Yini okufanele ngiyenze ukuze lokhu kungasabalali kwabanye abantu endlini?"
• "Yiziphi izidakamizwa zokunciphisa ubuhlungu kanye nokunciphisa umkhuhlane ezingcono kakhulu engingazisebenzisa ngalezi zimpawu?"
• "Ingabe kukhona engingakwenza ukuvimbela leli gciwane ukuthi lingaphinde livele?"

Ingabe igciwane le-Epstein-Barr lingabangela umdlavuza?

Lokhu kuyethusa kancane, kodwa akuvamile kakhulu . Okusho ukuthi, akuwona wonke umuntu one-EBV ozoba nomdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, kutholakale ukuthi igciwane lingathinta ukukhula kwezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, isibonelo, i-Burkitt lymphoma, umdlavuza wamaseli amhlophe egazi, noma umdlavuza we-nasopharyngeal, umdlavuza wekhala nomphimbo.

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ezinye zezinto zofuzo ezikuleli gciwane zingashintsha umjikelezo wokukhula kwamangqamuzana athelelekile, ziwaguqule abe amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Kodwa khumbula, lokhu kuyinto engavamile kakhulu.

Ingabe igciwane le-Epstein-Barr lifana ne-herpes?

Igciwane le-Epstein-Barr liyilungu lomndeni wegciwane le-herpes (`(umndeni we-Human Herpesvirus)`). Ukuze kube sobala kakhudlwana, libizwa nangokuthi `(i-Human Herpesvirus 4)`. Kodwa-ke, izimpawu zalo akufanele zididaniswe nalezo ze-herpes yobulili (`(i-Genital Herpes)`). Izifo ezifana ne-chickenpox (`(i-Chickenpox)`) kanye ne-herpes zoster (`(ama-Shingles)`) nazo zingaphansi kwalomndeni we-herpes. Isimo `(i-Mononucleosis)` esixoxe ngaso ngaphambili sibangelwa ezinye izifo ze-EBV.

Ingabe i-EBV iyisifo esithathelwana ngocansi (STI)?

Yebo, ngezinye izikhathi igciwane le-Epstein-Barr lingadluliselwa njengegciwane elidluliselwa ngocansi (STI). Kodwa lokho akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Nakuba lingadluliselwa ngoketshezi lomzimba njengegazi nesidoda, livame ukudluliselwa ngamathe. I-Infectious Mononucleosis yaziwa nangokuthi "isifo sokuqabulana." Kodwa-ke, ukusebenzisa izindlela eziphephile ngesikhathi socansi kungasiza ekuvikeleni kulezi zifo.

Ekugcineni, kufanele uthi...

Igciwane le-Epstein-Barr liyigciwane elivame ukungabangeli izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo, kodwa lingaphazamisa kancane impilo yethu yansuku zonke. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala unamanzi amaningi emzimbeni, uphumule ngokwanele, nokuhlala ekhaya ukuze ugweme ukusabalalisa igciwane kwabanye. Uma unemibuzo, ungangabazi ukukhuluma nodokotela womndeni wakho.

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