Ingabe nawe ukhathazekile ngalezi zimpawu eziqhubekayo ekhaleni lakho? Ake sixoxe nge-Esthesioneuroblastoma.

Ingabe nawe unekhala elivalekile ngaso sonke isikhathi? Noma umane uphuma igazi ekhaleni? Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa sengathi umuzwa wakho wokuhogela unciphile? Lezi zinto zingenzeka uma unenkinga yomkhuhlane noma i-sinus. Kodwa uma lezi zimpawu ziqhubeka, mhlawumbe kuyinto okufanele uyikhathazeke kakhulu. Esimweni esinjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Esthesioneuroblastoma, esizokhuluma ngaso.

Iyini i-Esthesioneuroblastoma?

Kalula nje, i-esthesioneuroblastoma uhlobo lomdlavuza olungavamile kakhulu . Luhlobo lomdlavuza oluvela ekhanda nasentanyeni. Odokotela ngezinye izikhathi balubiza ngokuthi "i-olfactory neuroblastoma." Kulolu hlobo lomdlavuza, izimila ezinomdlavuza zikhula "emifantwini yamakhala", izikhala ezingaphakathi kwekhala lakho. Lezi zimila zilimaza imizwa nezicubu ezikusiza ukuthi unuke.

Nakuba lesi simo sithinta kakhulu abantu abadala, ngezinye izikhathi singathinta izingane kanye nabantu abadala abasebasha (intsha). Ukwelashwa kuvame ukuhilela ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe isimila, kulandelwe ukwelashwa ngemisebe. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi i-esthesioneuroblastoma ingaphinde ibuye ngezinye izikhathi, odokotela batusa ukuhlolwa njalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ayikabuyi.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

Empeleni lesi yisifo esingavamile kakhulu . Emhlabeni wonke, sithinta cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabayizigidi ezingu-2.5 minyaka yonke. Iningi labantu litholakala linesifo esiphakathi kweminyaka engu-50 no-70. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ngishilo ekuqaleni, singavela nasezinganeni nakubantu abadala abasebasha. Eqinisweni, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wamakhala ezinganeni nakubantu abadala abasebasha yi-Esthesioneuroblastoma.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Esthesioneuroblastoma?

Uma unalesi simo, kungase kuzwakale sengathi unesifo se-sinus noma ezinye izinkinga ze-sinus. Izimpawu eziyinhloko zifaka:

• Ukulahlekelwa umuzwa wokuhogela (anosmia): Ungase ulahlekelwe umuzwa wakho wokuhogela ngokuzumayo, noma umuzwa wakho wokuhogela ungase unciphe kakhulu.
• Ukuminyana kwamakhala: Umuzwa oqhubekayo wokuminyana ekhaleni, okwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula.
• Ukopha kwekhala okuphindaphindiwe (i-epistaxis ephindaphindayo): Ukopha okuvela ekhaleni, kungaba ngengozi noma ngesizathu esincane. Lokhu kopha kungaba nzima ukukuyeka.

Uma usunesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu isikhathi eside, kungcono kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.

Yini ebangela i-esthesioneuroblastoma?

Uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, lesi sifoImbangela eqondile ayikatholakali. Ochwepheshe basacwaninga ngalokhu. Bakholelwa ukuthi izinguquko zofuzo (izinguquko ze-chromosome) noma izinguquko (izinguquko) kungenzeka zihilelekile. Kodwa akukho siphetho esiqinile esifinyelelwe okwamanje.

Yiziphi izinkinga zalesi sifo?

I-Esthesioneuroblastoma ingumdlavuza oyinkimbinkimbi ngandlela thile.

• Ukuphindaphindeka: Kuvamile kakhulu ukuthi lo mdlavuza ubuye ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa. Ngezinye izikhathi ungabuya eminyakeni eminingi ngemva kokwelashwa. Uma ubuye, ungabuya endaweni efanayo owawuyiyo ngaphambili, noma ungasakazekela ezicutshini eziseduze. Akuvamile kakhulu, ungasakazekela ezingxenyeni ezikude zomzimba.
• Sabalalisa kwezinye izindawo (i-metastasize): Uma ungelashwa, lo mdlavuza ungasakazekela ebuchosheni noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi lo mdlavuza uvame ukusakazekela ezinkalweni. Kodwa-ke, ungasakazekela nasezinhlayiyeni ze-lymph entanyeni, emaphashini nasemathanjeni.

Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxilonga lesi sifo kusenesikhathi, ukuthola ukwelashwa okufanele, bese kwenziwa ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha.

I-Esthesioneuroblastoma itholakala kanjani?

Odokotela basebenzisa izivivinyo ezahlukene ukuthola lesi sifo. Lokhu kungafaka:

• I-CT scan: Lokhu kungathatha izithombe ezinemininingwane yengaphakathi lomzimba, njenge-X-ray ekhethekile.
• I-MRI scan: Lokhu kungaveza nezithombe ezicacile zezicubu nezitho zomzimba ngaphakathi komzimba.
• I-endoscopy yekhala: Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka ithubhu elincane elinekhamera encane ekhaleni ukuze kuhlolwe ingaphakathi lekhala kanye nemigodi yama-sinus.
• Ukuskena kwe-PET: Lokhu kungasetshenziswa ukubona ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza akhona noma kuphi emzimbeni.

Ngemva kwalezi zivivinyo, uma udokotela enokungabaza, uzothatha ingcezu yezicubu azihlole ukuze athole ukuthi umdlavuza yini. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-biopsy .

Yiziphi izigaba ze-Esthesioneuroblastoma?

Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza kuyindlela yokunquma ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke kangakanani nokuthi unjani. Lesi sigaba sisetshenziselwa ukuhlela ukwelashwa nokubikezela inkambo yesikhathi esizayo yesifo (isibikezelo). Kunezigaba ezine eziyinhloko ze-esthesioneuroblastoma:

• Isigaba A: Amaseli omdlavuza akhule aba yithumba ngaphakathi komgodi wempumulo.
• Isigaba B: Umdlavuza ususakazeke ngqo usuka ekhaleni uye emaphashini.
• Isigaba C:Umdlavuza ususakazeke kusukela ekhaleni nasema-sinuses kuya emehlweni noma ebuchosheni.
• Isigaba D: Ukuhlolwa kukhombisa ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, isibonelo, ama-lymph node entanyeni, emnkantsheni, noma emaphashini.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-Esthesioneuroblastoma?

Odokotela bavame ukwenza ukuhlinzwa ukuze basuse lezi zimila ezinomdlavuza. Kunezindlela eziningana ezahlukene zokuhlinzwa:

• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Endoscopic: Lokhu kuhilela ukudlulisa ikhamera encane kanye namathuluzi ngekhala ukuze kususwe isimila ngaphandle kokwenza i-incision yangaphandle.
• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-craniofacial: Lokhu kuyindlela yokuhlinzwa eyinkimbinkimbi. Kuhilela izingxenye zobuso kanye nogebhezi.
• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-craniotomy: Lokhu kuhilela ukususa ingxenye yogebhezi kanye nokususa izimila ezizungeze ubuchopho.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu kuhlinzwa, kunezinye izindlela zokwelapha:

• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe: Lokhu kwelashwa kusetshenziselwa ukubhubhisa noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza angase asale ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Lokhu kwelashwa kusetshenziswa lapho izimila zingenakukwazi ukususwa ngokuphephile ngokuhlinzwa.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama ngemva kokuhlinzwa?

Kuya ngohlobo lokuhlinzwa olwenzayo. Kodwa ngokuvamile kuzodingeka uhlale esibhedlela izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezinhlanu. Ngemva kwalokho, uzoya ekhaya uqhubeke nokululama kwakho. Kungathatha inyanga noma ezimbili ukuthi ukwelashwa ngemisebe kuqale.

Iyini imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?

Ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, kanye ne-chemotherapy kungaba nemiphumela emibi ehlukahlukene.

• Imiphumela emibi yokuhlinzwa: Ubuhlungu, ukuminyana kwamakhala, kanye nokusabela ekubulaweni yizinzwa kungase kwenzeke.
• Imiphumela emibi evamile yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe ihlanganisa ukukhathala, uhudo, isicanucanu kanye nokuhlanza.

Le miphumela emibi ayibonakali kubo bonke ngendlela efanayo. Abanye abantu bangase bazizwe kabi kakhulu, kanti abanye bangase bazizwe kancane.

Yiziphi izinkinga zokwelashwa?

Ngezinye izikhathi, ukwelashwa kungabangela izinkinga, ikakhulukazi ngokuhlinzwa, njenge:

• Ukutheleleka.
• Ukopha ngokweqile.
• Ukulahlekelwa unomphela kwemizwa yokuhogela. Uyazi, kukhona ukuxhumana okukhulu phakathi kwemizwa yethu yokuhogela kanye nomuzwa wethu wokunambitha. Ngakho-ke uma ulahlekelwa yimizwa yakho yokuhogela, ungase ulahlekelwe yimizwa yakho yokunambitha.
• Ukuvuza koketshezi lomgogodla (CSF). Lokhu kwenzeka lapho uketshezi oluvikelayo oluzungeze ubuchopho kanye nomgogodla luphuma ekhaleni.
• Ukuphuma kwempumulo kuzwakala komile futhi kuqinile.

Uma kwenzeka into efana nale, kufanele wazise udokotela ngokushesha.

Iyini i-prognosis ye-Esthesioneuroblastoma kubantu abadala?

Ukubikezela kwesifo kuwukulinganisa kukadokotela ukuthi lesi sifo sizokuthinta kanjani ngemva kokwelashwa. Lokhu akufani kuwo wonke umuntu. Kuncike ezintweni eziningana. Isibonelo:

• Ukuphi emzimbeni umdlavuza?
• Ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekele yini kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
• Inani lesimila esisusiwe ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa.
• Izici zamaseli omdlavuza ezibonwe emibikweni yelabhorethri.

Uma unemibuzo mayelana nesimo sakho, khuluma nodokotela wakho ohlinzayo kanye nethimba lakho lonke lezokwelapha. Bakwazi kangcono wena kanye nesimo sakho.

Iyini inhloso ye-Esthesioneuroblastoma ezinganeni?

Njengabantu abadala, isimo sezingane sincike esimweni sazo esithile, okuhlanganisa indawo yesimila, izici zamangqamuzana omdlavuza, ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalele yini, nokuthi kukhishwe okungakanani ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa.

Lingakanani izinga lokusinda kwe-esthesioneuroblastoma?

Odokotela babala la mazinga ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabantu abanalesi sifo. Endabeni yalesi sifo, kulinganiselwa ukuthi phakathi kuka-50% no-90% weziguli ziyaphila eminyakeni emihlanu ngemva kokuxilongwa.

Kodwa ungesabi noma udideke ngalezi zibalo 'zezinga lokusinda'. Lezi zimane nje ziyizilinganiso. Okusho ukuthi, zisekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabanye. Okwakuyiqiniso kubo kungase kungabi yiqiniso kuwe. Uma unemibuzo ngalokhu, ungesabi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Uzokuchazela lezi zilinganiso nokuthi zisebenza kanjani esimweni sakho.

Ingabe i-Esthesioneuroblastoma ingaba yingozi?

Yebo, kungaba yingozi . I-Esthesioneuroblastoma ingasakazekela emaphashini noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Ingabuya futhi ngemva kokwelashwa futhi ikhule kwezinye izindawo. I-Esthesioneuroblastoma esakazeke (esakazeke kakhulu) noma ebuye yabuya (ephinde yavela) ingaba yingozi empilweni uma ingatholakali kusenesikhathi. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlolwa njalo. Lokhu kuvumela udokotela wakho ukuthi enze izivivinyo futhi athole umdlavuza kusenesikhathi.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela wami?

Ngenxa yokuthi i-esthesioneuroblastoma ingabuya, kufanele uhlele ukubona ithimba lakho lezokwelapha okungenani kanye ngonyaka impilo yakho yonke. Bazohlola impilo yakho iyonke. Bangase futhi benze izivivinyo zezithombe ukuze babone ukuthi umdlavuza ubuyile yini.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Ngenxa yokuthi i-esthesioneuroblastoma iyisifo esingavamile, ungase ungazi okuningi ngaso. Nansi eminye imibuzo ongayibuza udokotela wakho:

• Ingakanani ithumba elisemgodini wami wempumulo?
• Ingabe ngizodinga ukuhlinzwa?
• Uhlobo luni lokuhlinzwa okuzodingeka ngilwenze?
• Uma ngihlinzwa, ingabe ngizophinde ngithole umuzwa wami wokuhogela?
• Yiziphi ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa?
• Kudingeka ngize ngiyohlolwa udokotela isikhathi esingakanani ngemva kokwelashwa?

I-Esthesioneuroblastoma umdlavuza ongavamile okhula ngaphakathi ekhaleni. Ukhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngezinye izikhathi abantu bacabanga ukuthi izimpawu ezifana nokuminyana kwamakhala, ukuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni, kanye nokulahlekelwa yiphunga azinkulu ngokwanele ukuba bakhulume nodokotela ngazo.

Yebo, ngezinye izikhathi ukopha ekhaleni kungaba ukopha ekhaleni. Kodwa uma ikhala lakho liqhubeka nokopha, ikhala lakho elivalekile libonakala lingabi ngcono, noma uzizwa sengathi ulahlekelwe umuzwa wakho wokuhogela, kufanele nakanjani ukhulume nodokotela. Angahlola isimo sakho futhi ancome izinyathelo ezilandelayo.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngakho-ke ngithemba ukuthi usuyaqonda ukuthi besikhuluma ngani, i-Esthesioneuroblastoma. Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule yilezi zinto:

• Lona umdlavuza ongavamile: ngakho ungesabi uma uzwa leli gama.
• Qaphela izimpawu: Ungazinaki izinto ezifana nokuminyana kwamakhala okuqhubekayo, ukopha njalo, kanye nokuncipha kokuhogela njengokujwayelekile, ikakhulukazi uma ziqhubeka.
• Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kubalulekile: Njenganoma yisiphi isifo, ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kwandisa amathuba okwelashwa okuphumelelayo.
• Ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha: Ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa, kubalulekile ukuhlolwa njalo njengoba kunconywe udokotela wakho, njengoba lo mdlavuza ungaphinde ubuye.
• Themba udokotela wakho: Khuluma nodokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka onakho. Yibo abangakunikeza iseluleko esingcono kakhulu.

Khumbula, nguwe okufanele ukhathazeke kakhulu ngempilo yakho. Uma uzizwa ungavamile, ngisho noma kuncane kakhulu, akukaze kube sekwephuzile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.

I- Esthesioneuroblastoma, i-Esthesioneuroblastoma, Umdlavuza wekhala, Ukulahlekelwa yiphunga, Ukopha ekhaleni, Umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo, Ukwelashwa komdlavuza