Uma udokotela wakho ekutshela ukuthi wenze isivivinyo esibizwa ngokuthi i-'Flow Cytometry', ungase wesabe kancane uma uzwa igama. Ungase uzibuze, "Kuyini lokhu kuhlolwa okuqanjwe ngendlela exakile?" Kodwa asikho isidingo sokwesaba. Akuyona inkimbinkimbi noma eyesabekayo njengoba ungase ucabange. Kalula nje, kuyisilingo selabhoratri esikhethekile esibheka amangqamuzana emzimbeni wethu ngokuningiliziwe. Ake sixoxe ngakho ngokucacile nangokulula.
Kalula nje, kuyini i-'Flow Cytometry'?
Ake sithi unenqwaba yama-bead anemibala ehlukene. Udinga ukubala nokuhlukanisa abomvu kuphela kanye naluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuphela. Lolu vivinyo olubizwa ngokuthi i-'Flow Cytometry' lwenza into efanayo, kodwa esikhundleni sama-bead, lusebenzisa amaseli avela emizimbeni yethu.
Lolu wuvivinyo olusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe kakhulu. Okwenzayo lapha ukuthi amaseli avela egazini, emnkantsheni, noma esampula yezicubu ezithathwe kuwe afakwa oketshezini bese ethunyelwa emshinini okhethekile. Lo mshini uhlaziya lawo maseli ngalinye, ngokushesha okukhulu. Lo mshini ungahlaziya amaseli angaba ngu-10,000 ngomzuzu owodwa nje.
Odokotela basebenzisa kakhulu lolu vivinyo ezintweni ezifana nalezi:
- Bala amaseli: Bala inani eliqondile lohlobo oluthile lweseli kusampula.
- Hlunga amaseli: Hlukanisa futhi uhlonze izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseli komunye nomunye.
- Bheka ukuziphatha kanye nomsebenzi wamaseli: Hlola ukuthi amaseli aphilile yini nokuthi kukhona yini izinguquko emsebenzini wawo.
- Ukuhlonza umdlavuza wegazi nomnkantsha: Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongeni nasekuhleleni ukwelashwa kwezimo ezifana ne-leukemia kanye ne-lymphoma.
- Funa ama-biomarker: Thola izinto ezithile (ama-marker) ezinikeza izinkomba mayelana nokuziphatha komdlavuza noma impendulo yawo ekwelashweni.
- Ukuhlola Amaseli: Thola izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseli ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela komzimba.
Lolu vivinyo lwenziwa nini?
Lokhu kuhlolwa kuyanconywa uma udokotela efuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngamaseli emzimbeni wakho. Ikakhulukazi, uma uqaphele noma yikuphi ukungahambi kahle emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile (Inani Eligcwele Legazi - FBC/CBC), lokhu kuhlolwa kungahlelwa njengesinyathelo esilandelayo. Isibonelo, uma umbiko we-FBC ubonisa ukwanda kwenani lama-lymphocyte, okubonisa ukuba khona kwamaseli egazi angakavuthwa, lokhu kuhlolwa kungabheka lokhu kabanzi.
Kunezimo eziningana eziyinhloko lapho lokhu kuhlolwa kubalulekile khona:
- Umdlavuza wegazi: Ukuthola izifo ezifana ne-leukemia kanye ne-lymphoma nokunquma uhlobo lwazo oluqondile.
- Ezinye izifo zegazi: Ukuthola izifo ezingavamile, kodwa ezingathi sína ezihlobene negazi.
- Umsebenzi womzimba: Ezimweni ezifana ne-HIV noma ukuntuleka komzimba okuzelwe nakho, linganisa inani kanye nomsebenzi wamaseli omzimba.
- Ukwelashwa komdlavuza: Lokhu kuhlolwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlola uhlobo lomdlavuza (ukuthi unolaka kangakanani), ukuthi uyasabela yini ekwelashweni okuthile, nokuthi ngabe lesi sifo 'siphinde sabuya' yini ngemva kokwelashwa.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-'Flow Cytometry' kusebenza kanjani ngempela?
Nakuba igama lalokhu liyinkimbinkimbi, inqubo ilula kakhulu uma usuyiqondile isinyathelo ngesinyathelo. Kuzoba impumuzo enkulu kuwe ukwazi ukuthi lokhu kuzokwenzelani.
| Izinyathelo | Kwenzekani (kalula nje) |
|---|---|
| 1. Ukuthola isampula | Udokotela wakho uzothatha isampula yegazi lakho, umongo wethambo, noma izicubu bese ezithumela elabhorethri ukuze zihlolwe. |
| 2. Ukulungiswa kwamaseli | Elabhorethri, leli sampula leseli lincibilikiswa oketshezini. Bese kuthi izinhlobo ezithile zamaseli "zibekwe amathegi" kusetshenziswa udayi okhethekile we-fluorescent. Kufana nokufaka izitikha ezinemibala ehlukene ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zamaseli. |
| 3. Ukufaka emshinini | Le ngxube yeseli edaywe ngodayi ifakwa ku- Flow Cytometer . |
| 4. Ukukhanya kwe-laser kanye nokuhlaziywa | Umshini udlula umsebe we-laser emaseli, ngalinye ngalinye, ngokulandelana. Umshini ulinganisa indlela ukukhanya okusabalala ngayo njengoba kushaya iseli ngalinye. Iphethini yokusabalala ingasetshenziswa ukuhlonza uhlobo, ubukhulu, kanye nobunzima beseli. |
| 5. Umbiko wedatha | Idatha etholiwe ihlaziywa yikhompyutha bese kwenziwa umbiko ngendlela yamagrafu namanothi edatha. |
| 6. Incazelo yombiko | Uchwepheshe kulo mkhakha, noma isazi sezifo , uzofunda lo mbiko, afake iziphetho zawo, bese ethumela umbiko ophelele kudokotela wakho. |
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi yonke le nqubo yenzeke ngaphakathi kwelebhu. Okumele ukwenze nje ukunikeza isampula. Ngakho akudingeki ukhathazeke ngalo mshini noma ngenqubo.
Imiphumela ithini?
Kungathatha izinsuku ezimbalwa noma isonto ukuthola imiphumela. Udokotela wezifo uzobheka kakhulu amaphethini ezimaki, noma ama-antigen, ebusweni bamaseli akho.
- Amaseli aphilile: Iseli eliphilile linephethini evamile yezimpawu ezifanele uhlobo lweseli kanye nokuvuthwa kwalo.
- Amaseli angajwayelekile: Iseli elingajwayelekile, njengeseli lomdlavuza, linephethini ehlukile nengavamile yezimpawu.
`Isazi Sezifo` sihlonza la maphethini bese silungiselela umbiko.
Uma udokotela wakho ethola lo mbiko, akawubheki nje kuphela bese ethatha isinqumo. Uwuqhathanisa nezimpawu zakho, umlando wakho wezempilo, nanoma yikuphi ukuhlolwa komzimba kwamuva . Kulapho-ke kuphela lapho ekuchazela khona ukuthi imiphumela isho ukuthini.
Imiphumela engavamile ingabonisa izimo ezifana nalezi:
- I-leukemia ye-lymphoblastic enamandla
- I-leukemia ye-myeloid ebukhali
- I-leukemia ye-lymphocytic engapheli
- I-myeloma eminingi
- Ama-lymphoma angewona ama-Hodgkin
Uma imiphumela ingajwayelekile, kuzokwenzekani ngokulandelayo?
Uma kukhona ukukhubazeka emiphumeleni, udokotela wakho uzoxoxa nawe ngakho ngokuningiliziwe futhi achaze izinyathelo ezilandelayo kanye nezinketho zokwelapha.
Imiphumela yalolu vivinyo lwe-`Flow Cytometry` ibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba inikeza ulwazi olubalulekile ngezinto ezifana nalezi:
- Sinolaka kangakanani lesi sifo?
- Ingabe kukhona ukwelashwa okukhethekile okuzophumelela?
- Iyini ingozi yokuthi lesi sifo siphinde sibuye ngemva kokwelashwa?
Uhlelo lokwelashwa olukufanele kakhulu luthuthukiswa ngokucabangela zonke lezi zici.
Ngezinye izikhathi, kudingeka izivivinyo eziningi ukuze kutholakale isifo ngokunembile. Kungakukhathaza ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba. Kodwa khumbula, ulwazi udokotela wakho aluthola esivivinyweni esifana ne-'Flow Cytometry' lubaluleke kakhulu. Akugcini nje ngokukusiza ukuthi uhlole lesi sifo, kodwa futhi kukusiza ukuthi wakhe uhlelo lokwelapha 'olwenzelwe wena' oluqondene nawe.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-'Flow Cytometry' akuyona inqubo noma ukuhlinzwa okwesabekayo. Kuwukuhlolwa okukhethekile okwenziwa elebhu kusetshenziswa isampula ethathwe kuwe.
- Lolu vivinyo lunikeza ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana namaseli akho, okubaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongeni umdlavuza wegazi nezinkinga zesistimu yomzimba.
- Okumele ukwenze nje ukunikeza isampula, njengegazi. Okunye kwenzeka elabhorethri.
- Uma uthola umbiko wakho wokuhlolwa, ungazami ukuwufunda nokuwuqonda wedwa. Khuluma njalo nodokotela wakho ngakho. Nguye ozohlobanisa imiphumela nesimo sakho, akuchazele ngokucacile, futhi akwazise ngezinyathelo ezilandelayo.
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