Wake wacabanga ukuthi izinso ezimbili ezingaphakathi emzimbeni wethu zifana nohlelo lokuhlunga oluphezulu? Yilokho kanye okwenzekayo. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wezinso ukuhlunga imfucuza engafuneki egazini lethu bese uyikhipha emzimbeni njengomchamo. Kodwa cabanga, kuthiwani uma kukhona okulimaza lesi sihlungi esiyigugu? Yilapho izinkinga ziqala khona. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimo esingaziwa kakhulu, kodwa esibaluleke kakhulu esonakalisa izihlungi ezinso. Leso yi-FSGS.
Kalula nje, iyini i-FSGS?
Igama eliphelele le-FSGS yi-Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis. Nakuba igama lingase lizwakale liyinkimbinkimbi kancane, indaba empeleni ilula kakhulu. Ake siyichaze kahle futhi siyiqonde.
Izinso zethu ngasinye sinezihlungi ezincane ezingaba yisigidi ezisiza ekuhlungeni igazi lethu. Ngokwezokwelapha, lezi zibizwa ngokuthi ama-glomeruli . Cabanga ngazo njengesihlungi setiye ekhishini. Njengoba igazi lidlula kulezi zihlungi, zigcina izinto ezinhle umzimba ozidingayo (izakhamzimba, amaminerali) zibuyele egazini, futhi zihlunge udoti ongafuneki namanzi angaphezulu. Okuhlukaniswayo yilokho okuphuma njengomchamo.
Ku-FSGS, lezi zihlungi ezincane (i-glomeruli) ziba nezibazi noma ziqine. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "i-sclerosis." Uma lokhu kuqhekeka kwenzeka, izihlungi azikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wazo kahle.
Manje ake sibheke amanye amagama asegameni:
- I-Focal: Lokhu kusho ukuthi lo monakalo awuthinti zonke izihlungi ezisezinso, ezinye zazo kuphela ezithintekayo.
- Ingxenye: Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngisho nasezihlungini ezonakele, ingxenye kuphela yesihlungi eyonakele, hhayi yonke isihlungi .
Kalula nje, i-FSGS yisimo lapho ezinye zezihlungi ezisezinso zonakala khona, okubangela ukuthi ukusebenza kwazo kuphazamiseke.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-FSGS?
Ama-FSGS angahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko. Ake sibone ukuthi ayini.
| Uhlobo lwe-FSGS | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| I-FSGS Eyinhloko | Akukho sizathu esicacile salolu hlobo. Lesi simo senzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo. |
| I-FSGS yesibili | Lolu hlobo lubangelwa esinye isimo sezokwelapha, ukutheleleka, imithi, noma esinye isizathu sangaphandle. Isibonelo, kungabangelwa izinto ezifana nesifo sikashukela, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, izifo ezifana ne-HIV, imithi ethile, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa. |
| I-FSGS yofuzo (yomndeni) | Lolu hlobo lubangelwa ukukhubazeka kofuzo, okusho ukuthi lungazuzwa kubazali kubantwana. |
Yiziphi izimpawu zomuntu one-FSGS?
Inkinga enkulu nge-FSGS ukuthi ayinazo izimpawu ezisobala ezigabeni zokuqala . Ivame ukutholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okuvamile kwezokwelapha noma ngesikhathi ihlolwa esinye isimo. Kodwa-ke, kunezimpawu ezimbalwa ezivamile.
- Ukuvuvukala: Ukuvuvukala, ikakhulukazi emilenzeni, emaqakaleni, ezandleni nasebusweni. Lesi yisibonakaliso sokuqala abantu abaningi abasiqaphelayo.
- I-Proteinuria: Uma izihlungi zezinso zonakele, amaprotheni umzimba owadingayo ayahlungwa bese ekhishwa emchameni. Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi umchamo wakho ubonakale unamagwebu (njengamanzi anensipho).
- Amazinga e-cholesterol egazini akhuphukile.
- Ukwehla kwe-albhamuin yeprotheni egazini.
- Ukukhuluphala okungazelelwe: Lokhu kungenxa yokugcinwa kwamanzi okungadingekile emzimbeni.
- Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (i-Hypertension).
Uma izimpawu eziningana zalezi (ikakhulukazi ukuvuvukala, iphrotheni emchameni, kanye nephrotheni ephansi egazini) zivela ndawonye, odokotela babiza lesi simo ngokuthi i-nephrotic syndrome .
Izimo eziyingozi (izinkinga) ezingase zivele ngenxa yalesi sifo
Uma i-FSGS ingaphathwa kahle, izinkinga ezinkulu zingavela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Inkinga enkulu neyingozi kakhulu ukwehluleka kwezinso . Lokhu kwenzeka lapho izinso zingakwazi ukusebenza kahle. Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo esisongela ukuphila.
Uma une-FSGS futhi uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezilandelayo, kufanele uye emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha :
- Umfutho wegazi ophakeme ongalawuleki.
- Ukulahlekelwa yigazi (i-anemia).
- Ukucanuzela kwenhliziyo, ukuhlanza, kanye nokulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla.
- Ukuvuvukala okukhulu kwezandla, izinyawo, nobuso.
Udokotela uyixilonga kanjani i-FSGS?
Ngemva kokulalela izimpawu zakho, udokotela uzokudlulisela ezivivinyweni eziningana.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Hlola amazinga amaprotheni, imikhiqizo engcolile, namafutha egazini.
- Ukuhlolwa komchamo: Kala inani leprotheni negazi emchameni.
- Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwezinso (Izinga Lokuhlunga le-Glomerular - GFR): Lokhu kulinganisa ukuthi izinso zakho zisebenza kahle kangakanani.
Kodwa nakuba zonke lezi zivivinyo zingasikisela ukuba khona kwe-FSGS, kukhona ukuhlolwa okukodwa okumele kwenziwe ukuqinisekisa lesi sifo ngokuphelele : ukuhlolwa kwezinso .
Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwezinso?
Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha ingxenye encane kakhulu yezicubu ezinso lakho usebenzisa inaliti encane. Izicubu zibe sezihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kukhona yini izibazi ezihlungini zezinso. Lokhu kubhekwa njengendinganiso yegolide yokuxilonga i-FSGS.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-FSGS?
Ukwelashwa kwe-FSGS kuyahlukahluka kuye ngesiguli. Kuncike ezicini ezifana nohlobo lwe-FSGS onayo, iminyaka yakho, kanye nezinye izimo zezokwelapha onazo. Imigomo eyinhloko yokwelashwa ukulawula izimpawu, ukugcina izinga elihle lempilo, nokunciphisa umonakalo ezinso nokuvimbela ukwehluleka kwezinso.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi umonakalo wezinso obangelwa yi-FSGS awunakuguqulwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi akusona isifo esingelapheki ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa kunganciphisa ukuqhubeka kwalesi sifo.
Udokotela angase ancome izindlela zokwelapha ezilandelayo:
Izinhlobo zemithi
- Imithi elawula umfutho wegazi futhi inciphise ukuphuma kwamaprotheni emchameni. Izibonelo: `(Ama-enzyme inhibitors aguqula i-Angiotensin - ACE-Is)`, `(Ama-Angiotensin receptor blockers - ARBs)`.
- Ama-diuretics yimithi enciphisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi emzimbeni.
- Imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba yimithi elawula ukusebenza kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela.
- Ama-steroid afana ne-`(Corticosteroids)`.
- Kwezinye izimo, ukwelashwa okukhethekile okufana nokuthi `(Plasmapheresis)`.
Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila
Njengemithi, izinguquko ozenzayo endleleni yakho yokuphila nazo zibaluleke kakhulu.
- Ukudla: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunciphisa inani likasawoti (i-sodium) kanye namaprotheni ekudleni kwakho. Xhumana nodokotela wakho kanye nochwepheshe wezokudla ngalokhu.
- Ukuzivocavoca: Zivocavoce nsuku zonke.
- Gwema ukubhema: Uma ubhema, ukuyeka ngokushesha kubalulekile empilweni yezinso.
Ikusasa liphetheni kumuntu ophila ne-FSGS?
I-FSGS yisifo esingamahlalakhona esingenalo ikhambi. Ukubikezela kuyahlukahluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu. Abanye abantu bangaphila nalesi sifo belawulwa kahle ngokwelashwa futhi bangabi nazinkinga iminyaka eminingi. Kwabanye, lesi sifo singaba sibi kancane kancane futhi siholele ekuhlulekeni kwezinso.
Uma lokho kwenzeka, ungase udinge i-dialysis noma ukufakelwa izinso ukuze usinde.
Kodwa noma ngabe yikuphi, ngokwelashwa okufanele, ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho, nokugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo, abantu abaningi abane-FSGS bangaphila impilo esebenzayo nephumelelayo. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala uqaphela isimo sakho ngokuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-FSGS yisifo esibangela ukuqhekeka kwezihlungi ezithambile ezinso, okuvimbela izinso ekuhlungeni igazi kahle.
- Uma imilenze, izingalo, noma ubuso bakho buvuvukala ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo, noma uma ubona umchamo onegwebu, ungawushayi indiva. Bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
- Nakuba lesi sifo singelapheki ngokuphelele, ngokwelashwa okufanele kanye nokushintsha indlela yokuphila, lesi sifo singalawulwa futhi umonakalo wezinso ungancishiswa.
- Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa imithi enikezwe udokotela ngqo nokulawula ukudla kwakho.
- I-FSGS akuyona into okufanele uyesabe, kodwa ngokuqinisekile iyisimo okufanele ukhathazeke ngaso. Ngokuqondiswa okufanele kwezokwelapha, ungaphila impilo enhle.
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