Ingabe othile oseduze nawe ushintshe ngokuzumayo? Ingabe kungaba yi-Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD)?

Cabanga nje, ubaba wakho, umyeni wakho, noma umuntu osondelene kakhulu nawe... Ngokungazelelwe ukuziphatha kwakhe kushintsha ngokuphelele. Umuntu owayenomusa futhi enobungane ngaphambili manje usho izinto ezibuhlungu kwabanye, futhi uziphethe ngendlela engafanele emphakathini. Ungase ucabange ukuthi lolu uhlobo oluthile lwenkinga yengqondo, mhlawumbe into efana nokucindezeleka. Kodwa, lokhu kungaba yinto ehlukile, isimo esihlobene nobuchopho. Namuhla sikhuluma ngesimo esibangela izinguquko ezinjalo, esihlukile kwisifo i-Alzheimer's, kodwa abantu abaningi abasazi ngaso. Leso yi-Frontotemporal Dementia, noma i-FTD.

Kuyini i-Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD)?

Kalula nje, i-FTD yisimo esenzeka lapho kwenzeka umonakalo ezingxenyeni zangaphambili nezesikhashana zobuchopho bethu. Lezi yizingxenye ezilawula ubuntu bethu, ukuziphatha, kanye nolimi. Ngakho-ke lapho lezi zingxenye zonakele, izimpawu zidlula ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo. Ukuziphatha komuntu, indlela akhuluma ngayo, indlela aqonda ngayo amagama, ngisho nokunyakaza komzimba wakhe kungashintsha.

Nakuba i-FTD ingaziwa kakhulu njenge-Alzheimer's, abantu abaphakathi kuka-10% no-20% abanesifo sokuwohloka komqondo banohlobo oluthile lwe-FTD. Kungaba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni ngoba kungaqala ngaphambi kwezinye izinhlobo zesifo sokuwohloka komqondo, ngokuvamile phakathi kweminyaka engu-45 no-60 .

Ngenxa yezimpawu zokuqala, njengokuba nenkani, ukungabi namusa, noma ukwenza izinto ngendlela engalungile, kuvame ukuhlonzwa kabi njengesifo sengqondo. Lesi yisizathu esikhulu esenza ukuthi i-FTD ivame ukulibaziseka ekuqaleni. Udokotela wakho angase futhi ayibize ngokuthi isifo sikaPick.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-FTD?

I-FTD ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba eziningana eziyinhloko ngokusekelwe ezimpawini eziqala ukubonakala. Ukuze sikuqonde kahle lokhu, ake sibheke leli thebula.

Yiziphi izimpawu ezingaba khona ze-FTD?

Izimpawu ze-FTD ziyahlukahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Zivame ukuba zimbi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ake sibheke lezi zimpawu ngaphansi kwezigaba eziningana.

Izinguquko zokuziphatha

• Ukungahloniphi emphakathini: Usho okusengqondweni yakho ngaphandle kwamahloni. Utshela abanye izinto ezibuhlungu, uvame ukusondela kakhulu kwabanye.
• Ukulahlekelwa uzwela: Ukungakwazi ukuqonda imizwa yabanye abantu. Kungase kube sengathi othile akanaso isihawu.
• Ukunganaki: Ukulahlekelwa isithakazelo noma ukukhathazeka ngezinto owawuzijabulela.
• Ukuphinda izinto ezifanayo ngokuphindaphindiwe: Ukwenza izinto ezifana nokushaya izandla, ukuluma izindebe, njll. Ukuphinda amagama nemisindo efanayo.
• Ukunganaki inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu: ukungaxubhi amazinyo noma ukugeza.
• Izinguquko emikhubeni yokudla: Ukudla amaswidi amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngezinye izikhathi uzama ukudla izinto ezingalungile kuwe.

Umehluko enkulumweni naselulwimini

• Kunzima ukuthola amagama afanele lapho ukhuluma.
• Amagama alahlekelwa incazelo yawo.
• Ukhuluma ngemisho elula kakhulu, emifushane.
• Ngezinye izikhathi izinto ezishiwoyo zingase zingabi nangqondo.

Izinguquko ekuhambeni komzimba

• Ubunzima bokuhambisa amehlo.
• Ukuthuthumela komzimba, ukunyakazisa imisipha.
• Ukuqina komzimba.
• Ukulahlekelwa ukulawula umzimba.
• Ubunzima bokugwinya ukudla.
• Indaba iyadida.
• Ngizowa, kuzoba nzima ukuhamba.

Yiziphi izimbangela kanye nezici eziyingozi ze-FTD?

Njengoba amangqamuzana obuchopho (ama-neurons) efa kubantu abane-FTD, izingxenye zobuchopho ziyancipha. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kubangelwa umsebenzi ongajwayelekile wamaprotheni athile akhiqizwa yimizimba yethu. Ikakhulukazi, lo monakalo ubangelwa ukuqongelela kwezinhlobo ezingavamile zamaprotheni amabili abizwa ngokuthi i-tau kanye ne -TDP-43 ebuchosheni.

Cishe ama-40% eziguli ezine-FTD anomlando womndeni walesi sifo . Lokhu kusho ukuthi singaba yizakhi zofuzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izici zingandisa ingozi:

• Ukulimala okukhulu ekhanda: Lokhu kungandisa ingozi yokuthola i-FTD cishe izikhathi ezintathu.
• Isifo se-thyroid: Lokhu kwandisa ingozi ngokuphindwe kabili.

I-FTD itholakala kanjani?

Kungaba nzima ukuxilonga i-FTD ngokunembile ngoba izimpawu zayo zingafana nezinye izifo, njenge-Parkinson's, i-Alzheimer's, ukucindezeleka, kanye ne-schizophrenia .

Udokotela uzobuza ngomlando womndeni wakho futhi angase acele ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze kutholakale ezinye izimo. Bazokuthumela kudokotela wezinzwa. Uzohlola izinto ezifana nokulinganisela kwakho, ukusabela, inkumbulo, kanye namakhono okucabanga. Ukuhlolwa okunjengalokhu kungacelwa ukuqinisekisa i-FTD:

• I-CT scan: Isithombe se-X-ray esiningiliziwe sobuchopho.
• I-MRI scan: Isebenzisa omaginethi namagagasi omsakazo ukukhiqiza izithombe ezicacile zobuchopho.
• Ukuskena kwe-FDG-PET: Into ekhipha imisebe ifakwa ngemithambo yegazi ukuze kubonakale ukuthi izingxenye ezahlukene zobuchopho zisebenza kangakanani.
• I-EEG (i-electroencephalogram): Ukulinganisa umsebenzi kagesi wobuchopho.
• Ukuthepha komgogodla: Ukuhlolwa koketshezi oluzungeze ubuchopho kanye nomgogodla.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-neuropsychological: Ukuhlolwa okulinganisa amakhono engqondo njengenkumbulo, ikhono lolimi, kanye nekhono lokucabanga kulinganiswa ngemibuzo, ukudweba izithombe, kanye nokuxazulula amaphazili.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-FTD?

Ngeshwa, akukho ukwelashwa noma ikhambi le-FTD. Imithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifo i-Alzheimer's ayisebenzi ku-FTD. Kwezinye izimo, le mithi ingenza izimpawu zibe zimbi nakakhulu.

Noma kunjalo, kunemithi ethile kanye nokwelashwa okungasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu:

• Ama-antidepressants: Lawula izinkinga zemizwa kanye nokuziphatha.
• Ama-antipsychotic: Nakuba engasiza ekulawuleni izinkinga ezinkulu zokuziphatha, angaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Lawa asetshenziswa kuphela ngaphansi kokuqashwa okuseduze kukadokotela.
• Ukwelapha ngenkulumo: Usizo ngezinkinga zokuxhumana.

Ukuhlala nokunakekela i-FTD

Lesi sifo siyinselele enkulu kokubili isiguli kanye nomndeni. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna usizo kudokotela onolwazi oluhle ngalesi sifo ngokushesha nje lapho sitholakala.

Uma ungumnakekeli womuntu one-FTD...

Lolu hambo lungaba ludinisa kakhulu kumnakekeli. Nazi ezinye izinto ezingakusiza:

• Gcina idayari: Qaphela izinguquko ekuziphatheni kwesiguli kanye nezinto ezibangela lokho. Lokhu kungakusiza ugweme izimo eziyinkinga.
• Yenza isimiso esiqhubekayo: Isiguli singase sithole impumuzo ezintweni ezifana nokuphakela nokugeza ngesikhathi esisodwa.
• Chazela abanye ngesimo: Yazisa izivakashi nezihlobo ngesimo sesiguli kusenesikhathi.
• Cabanga ngawe futhi: Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Ungamnakekela kahle isiguli kuphela uma uphilile ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Yidla kahle, ulale kahle, futhi uvivinye umzimba. Thola usizo komunye umuntu ukuze akunike ikhefu (ukunakekelwa kwesikhashana).
• Hlela ikusasa: Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isiguli sizodinga ukunakekelwa amahora angama-24. Lokhu kungadinga ukunakekelwa ekhaya lasebekhulile. Kubalulekile ukuhlela lokhu kusenesikhathi.

Isilinganiso sobude bokuphila ngemva kokuxilongwa kwe-FTD cishe iminyaka engu-7.5. Ukufa kungenzeka kakhulu ngenxa yezinkinga zesifo kunangenxa yesifo uqobo. Isibonelo, i-pneumonia ngenxa yobunzima bokugwinya iyimbangela ehamba phambili yokufa.