Kuyini Ukuntuleka kwe-G6PD? Masifunde ngaphandle kokwesaba!

Wake wezwa ngokuntuleka kwe-G6PD? Mhlawumbe leli gama lizwakala lingavamile. Kodwa empeleni kuyisimo sofuzo abantu abaningi emhlabeni abanaso, kodwa isikhathi esiningi asibangeli izinkinga ezinkulu. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizokhuluma ngokuthi lokhu kuntuleka kwe-G6PD kuyini, kungani kwenzeka, nokuthi yini okudingeka sikwazi. Asikho isidingo sokwesaba, ake sichaze konke kalula.

Kuyini ngempela ukuntuleka kwe-G6PD?

Kalula nje, ukuntuleka kwe-G6PD kuyisimo sofuzo lapho umzimba wakho unamazinga aphansi kakhulu e-G6PD. Kulungile, manje ubuza ukuthi iyini i-G6PD. I-G6PD (i-Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase) iyi-enzyme ebaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wale enzyme ukuvikela amangqamuzana ethu abomvu egazi ekulimaleni okuhlukahlukene.

Lokhu kuntuleka kwenzeka lapho umuntu ezalwa enoshintsho, noma ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okwenza i-enzyme ye-G6PD. Ngenxa yalokho, amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi awakhiqizi ngokwanele i-enzyme ye-G6PD.

Kodwa nansi into. Abantu abaningi abanesifo sokuntuleka kwe-G6PD abanazo izimpawu . Baphila impilo evamile. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi, izinkinga zingabangelwa "yizinto ezibangela" njengemithi ethile, izifo, noma ukudla okuthile (sizoxoxa ngakho kamuva). Ezimweni ezinjalo, isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-hemolytic anemia singakhula. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amangqamuzana abomvu egazi aqhekeka ngokushesha futhi abhujiswe. Ngezinye izikhathi, izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zingaba ne -jaundice enzima ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-G6PD.

Ukuntuleka kwe-G6PD kuyisimo esivame kakhulu kunalokho ongakucabanga. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu abaphakathi kwezigidi ezingu-400 kuya kwezingu-500 emhlabeni wonke banalesi simo. Ngakho-ke uma unaso, udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthi ugcine amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi ezingeni eliphephile.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuntuleka kwe-G6PD?

Njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, abantu abaningi abanesifo se-G6PD abavamile ukuba nezimpawu. Kodwa-ke, izimpawu zivela kuphela uma into ebangela ukucindezeleka kumaseli akho abomvu egazi futhi ibangele ukuthi aqhekeke (i-hemolysis). Uma lokho kwenzeka, izinto ezinjengalezi zingenzeka:

• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu
• Inhliziyo esheshayo ( i-tachycardia )
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula ( i-Dyspnea )
• Ukuphuzi kwesikhumba noma okumhlophe kwamehlo (lezi yizimpawu ze-jaundice )
• Isikhumba esiphaphathekile (izindebe nolimi kungase kube mhlophe)
• Umchamo ophuzi omnyama, owolintshi, noma onombala wetiye
• Ubende obukhulu

Uma lezi zimpawu zenzeka ngokuzumayo nangokubi kakhulu, kubizwa ngokuthi i-hemolytic crisis . Uma uhlangabezana nalokhu , kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Izimpawu zokuntuleka kwe-G6PD ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa

Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa azinawo amathuba amaningi okuba nezimpawu ezisobala zokuntuleka kwe-G6PD. Uphawu oluvame kakhulu yi -jaundice . Lokhu kuvame ukuvela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuzalwa. Uma kungelashwa kahle, i-jaundice enzima ingabangela ukulimala kobuchopho enganeni. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-kernicterus . Yingakho odokotela behlola izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ukuthi azinawo yini ukuntuleka kwe-G6PD uma bekusola.

Yini ebangela ukuntuleka kwe-G6PD?

Ukuntuleka kwe-G6PD kubangelwa ukushintshashintsha (uhlobo) kwezakhi zofuzo zakho ze-G6PD. Lokhu kushintshashintsha kuvimbela umzimba wakho ekwenzeni i-enzyme ye-G6PD ngendlela efanele. Uzuza lokhu kushintshashintsha kwezakhi zofuzo kubazali bakho, nge -chromosome ye-X .

Ukuba nalokhu kuhlukahluka kwezakhi zofuzo kusho ukuthi amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi anamazinga aphansi e-G6PD. I-enzyme ye-G6PD ibaluleke kakhulu ngoba ivimbela amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ukuthi aqoqe "ama-free radicals " amaningi kakhulu. Ama-free radicals ngokuvamile ayizinto ezingenangozi. Angatholakala endaweni ezungezile, kwezinye ukudla (ngokwesibonelo, ubhontshisi we-fava), kanye nasemithini.

Kodwa-ke, uma ungenayo i-G6PD eyanele, ezinye izinto ezibangela lokhu (isib. ukudla ubhontshisi we-fava) zingabangela ukuthi ama-free radical amaningi kakhulu akheke ngaphakathi kwamaseli akho. Lokhu kubangela isimo esibizwa ngokuthi ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative , okubeka ukucindezeleka kumaseli akho abomvu egazi. Ekugcineni, lawa maseli ayaqhekeka futhi abhujiswe. Lokhu kunciphisa inani lamaseli abomvu egazi, okubangela i-hemolytic anemia .

Yiziphi izimbangela ze-anemia ye-hemolysis ezihambisana nalesi simo?

Ngokusho kwabanye abacwaningi, ukudla ubhontshisi we-fava kuyimbangela evame kakhulu . Uma umuntu onesifo se-G6PD eba ne-anemia ngemva kokudla ubhontshisi we-fava, kubizwa ngokuthi i-favism . Ezinye izimbangela ezivamile yilezi:

• Izifo: Izifo ezifana ne -Hepatitis A ne -Hepatitis B , i-Typhoid Fever , kanye ne-Pneumonia .
• Eminye imithi esetshenziselwa umalaleveva: Isibonelo , i-Primaquine .
• Amanye ama-antibiotic : njenge -nitrofurantoin , i-dapsone, kanye nemithi ye-sulfa .
• Ama-NSAID (ama-painkiller): Njenge -aspirin ne-ibuprofen .
• Ukubhema nokuphuza utshwala ngokweqile.
• Ukucindezeleka okukhulu kwengqondo.
• Ukuvivinya umzimba okujulile.

Yiziphi izinto ezibangela ingozi?

Kunezici eziningana ezandisa ingozi yokuthola ukuntuleka kwe-G6PD:

• Ubulili:Amadoda anamathuba amaningi okuthola ukuntuleka kwe-G6PD. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amadoda ane-chromosome eyodwa kuphela ye-X ephethe lolu shintsho lwezakhi zofuzo. (Njengoba abesifazane benama-chromosome amabili e-X, kunezikhathi lapho inkinga ngeyodwa ingalungiswa ngenye.)
• Indawo: Lesi simo sivamile kubantu abahlala e-Afrika engaphansi kweSahara, esifundeni saseMedithera, kanye naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
• Uhlanga: Abacwaningi balinganisela ukuthi amadoda angaphezu kuka-10% avela e-Afrika e-United States anokuntuleka kwe-G6PD.

Kuhlonzwa kanjani ukuntuleka kwe-G6PD?

Odokotela bavame ukubuza kuqala ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha ophelele bese benza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Bangase futhi bakubuze ukuthi usanda kushintsha imithi noma ukuthi uhlaselwe yizifo yini. Bazohlola nokuthi ukhona yini emndenini wakho onesifo se-G6PD.

Ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga ukuntuleka kwe-G6PD yile:

• Inani Eliphelele Legazi (i-CBC): Lihlola inani lamaseli akho abomvu egazi.
• I-Peripheral Blood Smear: Ihlola izimpawu ze-anemia ku-blood smear, okungukuthi, amaseli egazi abomvu akhiwe ngendlela engavamile noma ngobukhulu.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Bilirubin: Hlola izinga le-bilirubin, umkhiqizo ongcolile owakhiwe ngamaseli abomvu egazi aphukile.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-G6PD: Hlola amazinga e-enzyme yakho ye-G6PD.

Ukuntuleka kwe-G6PD kwelashwa kanjani?

Odokotela belapha lesi simo ngokusekelwe kulesi simo. Isibonelo, uma une-jaundice encane futhi wazi ukuthi unesifo se-G6PD, bazoqala ngokwelapha izimpawu ze-jaundice. Bese, bazokutshela ukuthi yiziphi izimbangela okudingeka uzigweme.

Kodwa-ke, uma izimpawu zinzima, ukwelashwa kuhlukile. Uma une-hemolytic anemia enzima, kungadingeka ukuthi umpontshelwe igazi .

Uma ingane yakho esanda kuzalwa ine-jaundice, udokotela wakho angase ayelaphe nge -phototherapy (ukwelashwa kusetshenziswa ukukhanya kwemvelo noma okwenziwe). Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ingane yakho ingadinga ukufakelwa igazi ngokushintshana . Lokhu kuhilela ukususa igazi lomntwana elingaphilile bese ulifaka igazi elinempilo, elinikelwe.

Ingabe ukuntuleka kwe-G6PD kungavinjelwa?

Njengoba lesi kuyisimo sofuzo, akunakwenzeka ukusivimbela ukuthi singenzeki. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela zokusibona ngaphambi kokuba sibangele izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo. Lezi zifaka:

• Ukuhlola izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa: Emazweni amaningi lapho lesi simo sivame khona, kunezinhlelo zokuhlola ukuze kutholakale ukuntuleka kwe-G6PD ezinsaneni ezisanda kuzalwa.
• Ukuhlolwa kofuzo: Uma othile emndenini wakho enesifo se-G6PD, ungase udinge nokuhlolwa kwe-DNA.Udokotela wakho angase akucebise ukuthi wenze kanjalo.

Yini engingayilindela uma nginalesi simo?

Ayikho ikhambi elihlala njalo lokuntuleka kwe-G6PD. Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi bangaphila ngaphandle kwezinkinga uma begwema izinto ezibangela lokhu. Futhi akukuthinti isikhathi sokuphila.

Kodwa-ke, lesi simo asibathinti bonke ngendlela efanayo. Abantu abaningi abanesifo sokuntuleka kwe-G6PD bangase bangazi nokuthi banaso ngoba abanazo izimpawu. Iningi labantu abanazo izimpawu lincane kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kwabanye, lapho bebhekene ne-trigger, bangaba nenkinga ye-hemolytic, engaba yingozi empilweni.

Udokotela wakho angakuchazela kangcono ukuthi yini ongayilindela ngokusekelwe ekuxilongweni kwakho.

Ngingazinakekela kanjani?

Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi yikuphi ukudla nemithi okufanele uyigweme. Nazi ezinye iziphakamiso:

• Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala: Ukuphuza utshwala obuningi kungacindezela amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi.
• Gwema ukubhema: Ukubhema kungabangela ukuba ama-free radical aqongelelane emangqamuzaneni akho abomvu egazi.
• Ukuzivocavoca ngokulinganisela: Ukuzivocavoca kanzima kakhulu kungandisa ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative.
• Zama ukuphumula ngokwanele: Ukulala kuqinisa amasosha omzimba wakho, okusiza ekulweni nezifo ezingabangela i-anemia ekumpontshelweni igazi.
• Lawula ukucindezeleka: Uma uzizwa ucindezelekile kakhulu, cela udokotela wakho akusize ekulawuleni ukucindezeleka kwakho.

Okubalulekile: Uma ingane yakho esanda kuzalwa inokuntuleka kwe-G6PD, kufanele ugweme ukudla ubhontshisi we-fava ngenkathi uncelisa . Izinto ezingabangela i-anemia eyingozi zingadluliselwa enganeni ngobisi lwebele.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela wami?

Bona udokotela wakho nganoma yisiphi isikhathi uma uba nezimpawu zokuntuleka kwe-G6PD. Uma izimpawu zinkulu futhi zikhula ngokushesha (izimpawu zenkinga yokopha), funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha .

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Nazi ezinye imibuzo okufanele uzibuze uma unesifo se-G6PD:

• Isimo sami sibi kangakanani?
• Yikuphi ukudla nemithi okufanele ngiyigweme?
• Ingabe kukhona izinto ezibangela imvelo okufanele ngizigweme?
• Angakanani amathuba okuthi ingane yami izothola ifa lokuntuleka kwe-G6PD?

Okokugcina, okufanele ukukhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ukuxilongwa kokuntuleka kwe-G6PD kungathinta wonke umuntu ngendlela ehlukile. Nakuba kungelapheki, ngokuvamile kuyisimo esingalawuleka. Isihluthulelo ukuhlonza nokugwema izimbangela ezandisa ingozi yokuthola i-anemia eyingozi.Lokho kungasho ukugwema ubhontshisi we-fava nezinye izinto ezibangela lokhu. Kubalulekile futhi ukuzijwayeza imikhuba enempilo, njengokuphumula ngokwanele nokungabhemi. Cela udokotela wakho ulwazi oluzokusiza ukuthi uphathe indlela ukuntuleka kwe-G6PD okuthinta ngayo impilo yakho. Ungesabi, ukuqaphela kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela!

Ukuntuleka kwe - G6PD, i-hemolytic anemia, i-jaundice, izifo zofuzo, amaseli abomvu egazi, ubhontshisi we-fava, ama-enzyme