Sonke sizwile igama elithi 'amagciwane', akunjalo? Ikakhulukazi ekhaya elinezingane ezincane, sivame ukuzwa izinto ezinjengokuthi "geza izandla zakho, zingamagciwane" nokuthi "ungadli okuphansi, zingamagciwane." Sisho kangaki ngosuku leli gama ngaphandle kokucabanga? Kodwa ayini ngempela la magciwane? Ngisho noma engabonakali emehlweni enyama, athinta kanjani izimpilo zethu? Ingabe kuyiqiniso ukuthi amanye amahle? Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngalokhu kalula, ngolimi mina nawe esingaluqonda.
Kalula nje, amagciwane ayizinto eziphilayo ezincane kakhulu ukuba zingabonwa ngamehlo enyama. Kwezokwelapha, siwabiza lawa ma-microorganism. Akhona yonke indawo. Emoyeni owuphefumulayo, emanzini owaphuzayo, enhlabathini ohamba kuyo, ekudleni esikudlayo, emizimbeni yezilwane, ezitshalweni... Ngamafuphi, akhona yonke indawo ongase ucabange ngayo. Lawa magciwane ahlala esikrinini sefoni ofunda lokhu kuyo, esicabheni somnyango osithintayo, esikhumbeni sakho, ngisho nangaphakathi emzimbeni wakho.
Kodwa ungesabi igama elithi 'amagciwane'. Akuzona zonke lezi zinambuzane ezisigulisayo. Eqinisweni, kukhona namagciwane amahle asisiza sihlale siphilile futhi abalulekile kithi. Isibonelo, amanye amagciwane asemathunjini ethu asisiza ekugayeni ukudla esikudlayo futhi asivikele kumagciwane amabi avela ngaphandle. Kodwa-ke, kunezinye izifo ezithi uma zingena emizimbeni yethu, zisigulise. Yingakho kufanele sigeze izandla zethu njalo ukuze sivimbele ukusabalala kwala magciwane amabi, abangela izifo.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamagciwane?
Singahlukanisa amagciwane angabangela izifo abe izinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko. Uhlobo ngalunye lusebenza ngendlela ehlukile futhi luphathwa ngendlela ehlukile. Ake sikuqonde kahle lokhu.
| Uhlobo lwesibulali-magciwane | Incazelo elula | Izibonelo |
|---|---|---|
| Amabhaktheriya | Lezi yizinto eziphilayo ezincane ezakhiwe ngeseli elilodwa. Ziphila ngokuthola izakhamzimba ezizidingayo endaweni ezungezile. Kukhona amabhaktheriya amahle kanye namabhaktheriya amabi abangela izifo. Lawa mabhaktheriya amabi akhiqiza ubuthi emizimbeni yethu futhi abangele ukutheleleka. | Izimbobo zamazinyo, izifo zomgudu womchamo, kanye nomphimbo obuhlungu. Odokotela bavame ukunikeza ama-antibiotic ukwelapha lokhu. |
| Amagciwane | Ama-virus awawona amangqamuzana aphelele. Afana nezinto zofuzo ezigoqwe nge-protein coat. Awakwazi ukuphila ewodwa. Adinga elinye iseli eliphilayo (iseli eliyi-host) ukuze lisinde futhi lisakazeke. Asakazeka ngokungena emaselini emizimba yethu futhi alawule lawo maseli. | Amagciwane abangela izifo ezisukela kumkhuhlane ovamile kanye nomkhuhlane kuya ezifweni ezingathi sína njenge-maselese, umkhuhlane we-dengue, kanye ne-HIV/AIDS. Ama-antibiotic awasebenzi ekulweni namagciwane. Amanye amagciwane kuphela anemithi yokulwa namagciwane. |
| Isikhunta | Lezi yizinto eziphilayo ezinamaseli amaningi, ezifana nezitshalo. Zikhula kahle ezindaweni ezifudumele nezimanzi. Cabanga ngohlobo lwesikhunta esikhula esinkweni esihlale izinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu. | Isikhunta kanye nemvubelo kuyizinhlobo zesikhunta. Ukutheleleka kwezinyawo ze-athlete kanye nemvubelo njenge-Candida kuvamile. Lokhu ngokuvamile akulona ingozi kakhulu kumuntu ophilile. Kunemithi yokukhunta yokwelapha lokhu. |
| I-Protozoa | Lezi yizinto eziphilayo ezineseli elilodwa njengebhaktheriya. Kodwa isakhiwo sazo samaseli siyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Zithanda umswakama kakhulu, ngakho-ke zisakaza izifo ngamanzi angcolile. Amanye ama-protozoa aphila njengezinambuzane emizimbeni yezinye izilwane. | Lezi zinambuzane ezibangela izifo ezibangelwa yi-parasitic zibangela izifo ezifana ne-malaria kanye ne-toxoplasmosis. Imithi yokulwa nezinambuzane isetshenziselwa ukwelapha lezi zifo. |
Khumbula into eyodwa. Uma unomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, noma umkhuhlane, awukwazi ukuzinqumela ukuthi yigciwane noma amagciwane. Ngakho-ke ungamane uye ekhemisi bese uthatha ama-antibiotics wedwa. Qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela, uthole ukuxilongwa okunembile, bese uthatha kuphela ukwelashwa okunqunyiwe.
La magciwane asakazeka kanjani esuka kwenye indawo aye kwenye?
Amagciwane afana nebutho elifihlakele. Asebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene zokusabalala esuka kwenye indawo eya kwenye, esuka komunye umuntu eya komunye.
- Ukuthintana ngqo: Amagciwane angadluliselwa ngqo ngokuthinta, ukuxhawulana, ukugona, noma ukuqabula umuntu ogulayo. Futhi, ukwabelana ngezinto ezifana nezinkomishi, amapuleti, izipuni, namathawula asetshenziswa umuntu ogulayo kungasakaza lesi sifo.
- Ngomoya: Uma umuntu onegciwane ekhwehlela noma ethimula, amaconsi amancane amathe avela emlonyeni nasekhaleni akhishwa aye endaweni ezungezile. La maconsi angaba nezigidi zamagciwane. Uma siphefumula lowo moya, lawo magciwane angena emizimbeni yethu.
- Ukuthinta izindawo ezingcolile: Lena yindlela eyinhloko esithola ngayo amagciwane ngokungazi. Cabanga nje, usebhasini bese uthinta ucingo. Lungaba namagciwane ezandleni zabantu abangamakhulu abake bathinta ucingo ngaphambili. Bese udla okuthile ngalolo sandla esifanayo, noma uthinte ikhala lakho, umlomo, noma amehlo. Yilapho amagciwane angangena khona kalula emzimbeni wakho. Le ngozi ikhona yonke indawo esithinta kuyo nsuku zonke, njengezibambo zomnyango, imali yamaphepha, imishini ye-ATM, namatafula.
- Ukudla namanzi angcolile: Amagciwane afana namagciwane kanye ne-protozoa angangena kalula emzimbeni ngokudla okungahlanzwanga kahle nokuphekiwe kanye namanzi angcolile. Yingakho sihlala sincoma ukuphuza amanzi abilisiwe, ukugeza izandla kahle ngaphambi kokudla, kanye nokuhlanza izithelo nemifino kahle.
- Ngezilwane nezinambuzane: Njengoba nje udenga kanye nomalaleveva kudluliswa omiyane, lapho ezinye izilwane ziluma, amathe azo angadlulisela amagciwane emizimbeni yethu ngokushesha.
Amagciwane angaphila isikhathi esingakanani endaweni engaphandle?
Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abawubuzayo. Uhlobo ngalunye lwegciwane lunesikhathi sokuphila esihlukile endaweni yangaphandle, okungukuthi, ezindaweni ezahlukene. Izici eziningana zinquma isikhathi sokuphila:
- Uhlobo lwegciwane: Isikhathi siyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi ngabe yibhaktheriya, igciwane, noma isikhunta.
- Uhlobo lobuso: Ingaphila isikhathi eside ezindaweni ezingenazo imigodi njengensimbi nepulasitiki. Ingaphila isikhathi esifushane ezindaweni ezinemigodi njengendwangu nephepha.
- Indawo: Izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama wendawo nakho kuyakuthinta lokhu.
Ake sibone ukuthi amagciwane avame ukutholakala ahlala isikhathi esingakanani ezindaweni ezahlukene.
| Uhlobo lwesibulali-magciwane | Isikhathi sokulinda (ดีวน ประ มาร) |
|---|---|
| Amagciwane omkhuhlane | Ingaphila ezindaweni eziqinile kuze kube yisonto. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kwamahora okuqala angu-24, ikhono layo lokusakaza izifo liyancipha kakhulu. Ingaphila ezandleni cishe ihora. |
| Igciwane lomkhuhlane (igciwane lomkhuhlane) | Ingahlala ezindaweni eziqinile amahora angama-24-48. |
| I-coronavirus | Kuye ngohlobo lobuso, kungahlala kusukela emahoreni ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. |
| Amagciwane (isb. E. coli, Salmonella) | Nakuba ngezinye izikhathi zifa ngemizuzu engama-20 kuphela, ezinye izinhlobo zingaphila ezindaweni eziqinile kuze kube amahora amane. |
| I-Clostridium difficile (C. diff) | Leli yigciwane eliyingozi kakhulu. Lingaphila ezindaweni eziqinile kuze kube yizinyanga ezi-5. |
Yiziphi izindlela zokubhubhisa amagciwane?
Sisebenzisa izinto ezahlukahlukene ukubhubhisa lezi zitha ezingabonakali ezisizungezile. Kodwa ingabe zonke ziyasebenza ngempela?
Ingabe ukuhlikihla utshwala kanye nesihlanzi sezandla kungasiza?
Yebo. Kodwa kunombandela owodwa. Isihlanzi sezandla noma utshwala bokuhlikihla osisebenzisayo kumele sibe okungenani u-70% we-isopropyl alcohol. Labo abanephesenti eliphansi ngeke babulale amagciwane kahle. Uma uhlanza indawo, yifafaze noma uyisule okungenani imizuzwana engama-30 bese uyisula.
Kuthiwani nge-hydrogen peroxide?
Yebo, i-hydrogen peroxide iyisibulala-magciwane esihle esingabulala amagciwane amaningi, okuhlanganisa amabhaktheriya namagciwane. Kodwa futhi ilungele izindawo eziqinile, ezingenazo izikhala. Ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle kakhulu, yifafaze phezu kwendawo bese uyivumela ukuthi ihlale okungenani umzuzu ngaphambi kokusula.
Ingabe uviniga uyawabulala amagciwane?
Lokhu kuyiphutha elivamile. Cha. Ngokusho kwe-Centers for Disease Control (CDC), uviniga awusebenzi kahle kuma-bacteria amaningi namagciwane, okuhlanganisa igciwane lomkhuhlane kanye ne-coronavirus. Nakuba uviniga omhlophe ongaxutshwe nalutho ungabulala amanye ama-bacteria, awuyona indlela engcono kakhulu yokubulala amagciwane. Ngakho-ke ungathembeli kuviniga ukuze uhlanze ikhaya lakho.
Ingabe ukushisa kuyawabhubhisa amagciwane?
Yebo, impela. Ngokusho kwe-World Health Organization, amazinga okushisa angama-degree Celsius angu-60 (140 degrees Fahrenheit) noma ngaphezulu angabulala amagciwane amaningi. Yingakho sibilisa amanzi ngaphambi kokuwaphuza. Futhi, ukugeza izinto ezifana nezitsha emanzini ashisayo (isb., umshini wokuwasha izitsha) kungabulala amagciwane.
Yini esingayenza ukuze sivimbele ukusabalala kwamagciwane?
Manje usuqonda kahle amagciwane. Manje ake sibheke izinto ezilula esingazenza ukuze siwavimbele ekusabalaleni kwawo futhi sizigcine siphephile thina nabathandekayo bethu.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu nehamba phambili ukugeza izandla zakho ngendlela efanele. Lena yindlela engcono kakhulu, eshibhile, futhi elula yokuzivikela emagciwaneni.
Nansi indlela yokugeza izandla zakho ngendlela efanele:
1. Okokuqala, manzisa izandla zakho ngamanzi ahlanzekile.
2. Thatha insipho eyanele bese uyihlikihla kahle ezandleni zakho.
3. Hlikihla izandla zakho, ingemuva lezandla zakho, phakathi kweminwe yakho, nangaphansi kwezinzipho zakho okungenani imizuzwana engama-20 , wenze igwebu elihle. (Uma ukwazi ukuhlikihla izandla zakho uze ukwazi ukucula ingoma ethi "Usuku Lokuzalwa Olujabulisayo" kabili, leso isikhathi esanele.)
4. Bese ugeza kahle ngamanzi kuze kube yilapho yonke insipho iphelile.
5. Sula izandla zakho ngendwangu ehlanzekile noma ngethishu.
- Gcina i-sanitizer yezandla iseduze: Uma insipho namanzi kungatholakali, sebenzisa i-sanitizer equkethe okungenani u-70% wotshwala. Nakuba lokhu kuyindlela enhle, akusebenzi njengokugeza izandla zakho ngensipho.
- Mboza umlomo nekhala lakho uma ukhwehlela noma uthimula: Mboza umlomo nekhala lakho ngethishu. Uma ungenayo ithishu, sebenzisa indololwane yakho esikhundleni sesandla sakho.
- Hlala ekhaya uma ugula: Uma unesifo esithelelanayo njengomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane, hlala ekhaya uphumule ukuze ugweme ukusidlulisela kwabanye.
- Hlala kude nabantu abagulayo: Hlala kude ngangokunokwenzeka nomuntu onesifo esithathelwanayo.
- Cabanga ngokuphepha kokudla: Geza izandla zakho ngaphambi kokulungisa nokudla ukudla. Hlukanisa amabhodi okusika kanye nemimese yenyama eluhlaza kanye nenhlanzi kulawo asetshenziselwa ukusika imifino. Pheka ukudla kahle.
- Hlanza izindawo ezithintwa njalo: Hlanza izindawo ezithintwa njalo njengezibambo zomnyango, izibani, amafoni, kanye nezilawuli ezikude ngokubulala amagciwane njalo.
Amagciwane ayingxenye yokuphila kwethu. Akhona yonke indawo. Nakuba amanye amagciwane esiza, amanye ayasigulisa. Kodwa uma ufaka le mikhuba elula empilweni yakho yansuku zonke, ungathola isivikelo esikhulu kula magciwane amabi.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Akuwona wonke amagciwane amabi. Kukhona namagciwane amahle asiza imizimba yethu futhi abalulekile empilweni yethu.
- Indlela engcono kakhulu, elula, futhi ephumelela kakhulu yokuzivikela emagciwaneni ukugeza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi agobhozayo okungenani imizuzwana engama-20.
- Izinto zasekhaya ezifana noviniga azikwazi ukubulala amagciwane amaningi ayingozi, ngakho khetha isibulala-magciwane esifanelekile ukuhlanza indawo.
- Uma unesifo esithelelanayo, kungumthwalo wakho, kanye nowomphakathi, ukuhlala ekhaya uphumule ukuze uvimbele ukusisabalalisa kwabanye.
- Uma usola ukuthi unesifo noma uma izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi kakhulu, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha kunokuzama ukuzelapha.
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