Ingabe inhliziyo yakho nayo ihlushwa yile nkinga? Ake sifunde nge-Giant Cell Myocarditis!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa sengathi inhliziyo yakho iyashaya, ishaya ngamandla, noma kukhona into engajwayelekile esifubeni sakho? Lezi yizinto ngezinye izikhathi esingazinaki kakhulu, kodwa zingaba izimpawu zezinye izifo zenhliziyo ezingavamile. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesifo senhliziyo esingavamile, kodwa esingaba sibi kakhulu. Igama laso yi-Giant Cell Myocarditis, noma ngesiNgisi `(Giant Cell Myocarditis)`.

Kuyini i-Giant Cell Myocarditis? Ake sikuqonde kalula.

Kalula nje, i-Giant Cell Myocarditis uhlobo olungavamile kakhulu lokuvuvukala kwemisipha yenhliziyo . Ukuvuvukala uhlobo lokuvuvukala. Okwenzekayo kulesi sifo ukuthi amanye 'amaseli okuvuvukala' emizimba yethu ahlangana futhi akhe uhlobo lweseli elikhulu elibizwa ngokuthi 'ama-Giant Cells'. Lawa maseli amakhulu, njengezitha, ahlasela imisipha yenhliziyo yakho futhi abangele izibazi.

Cabanga ngakho, inhliziyo yethu ifana nephampu yamanzi. Yiyo epompa igazi emzimbeni wonke. Ngakho-ke, lapho la maseli amakhulu elimaza imisipha yenhliziyo, inhliziyo ayikwazi ukusebenza kahle. Lokho kusho ukuthi:

• Kuya kuba nzima ukupompa igazi .
• Uma inhliziyo ishaya, akuzona zonke izingxenye zayo ezifinyela ngesikhathi esisodwa .
• Izimpawu zikagesi ezilawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo ziyaphazamiseka , futhi lezo zimpawu azihambi kahle enhliziyweni.

Ngenxa yokuthi lesi simo singaba sibi kakhulu ngokushesha okukhulu, abantu abanalesi sifo bavame ukudinga ukufakelwa inhliziyo .

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Myocarditis ne-Giant Cell Myocarditis?

I-Myocarditis nayo iwukuvuvukala kwemisipha yenhliziyo. Kodwa-ke, i-giant cell myocarditis iwuhlobo olungavamile kakhulu noluqondile lwe-myocarditis. Njengezinye izinhlobo ze-myocarditis, ingabangela nokukhubazeka kwesigqi senhliziyo, noma i-arrhythmias.

Ukutheleleka ngegciwane ngokuvamile kuyimbangela eyinhloko ye-myocarditis. Kodwa-ke, abacwaningi basazama ukuthola ukuthi kungani le myocarditis yamaseli amakhulu (GCM) yenzeka.

Ubani othinteka kakhulu yilesi simo? Sivame kangakanani?

I-Giant cell myocarditis (GCM) ivame ukwenzeka kubantu abasebasha abaphilile kanye nabantu asebekhulile . Kodwa-ke, ingenzeka kubantu banoma yimuphi ubudala, kungakhathaliseki ubulili.

Uma kukhulunywa ngokuthi lokhu kuvame kangakanani, akuvamile kakhulu. Odokotela baxilonga lesi sifo kubantu abangaphansi koyedwa kwabayi-100,000 ngonyaka. Lokho kusho ukuthi kubikwe ukuthi sitholakala kubantu abangaba ngu-0.13 kwabayi-100,000 .

Ziyini izimpawu? Sizibona kanjani?

Izimpawu zokuqala ze-giant cell myocarditis (GCM) zingafaka:

• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo (ukuzwa sengathi inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha noma isifuba sakho siyashaya)
• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ubunzima bokuphefumulanoma Ukuphelelwa umoya
• Amaqakala avuvukile
• Ukukhathala okukhulu

Ngokuvamile lezi zimpawu ziqala ngokushesha kakhulu . Kamuva, ukungalingani kwesigqi senhliziyo kungase kuvele. Abantu abangaphezu kwengxenye abanalesi sifo baqala ukungalingani kwesigqi senhliziyo okuyingozi (`i-Ventricular arrhythmias`), okuqala emakamelweni enhliziyo . Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi inhliziyo ime ngokuzumayo.

Futhi, ukushaya kwenhliziyo kungaba ngokushesha kakhulu noma kancane kakhulu. Ungase uzizwe unesiyezi noma uphelelwe amandla . Abanye abantu bangase babe nesimo esibi esibizwa ngokuthi "ukushaqeka kwenhliziyo," lapho inhliziyo ingakwazi ukupompa igazi kahle.

Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Yiziphi izizathu?

Abacwaningi abakakazi kahle ukuthi yini ebangela i-giant cell myocarditis (GCM). Bahlola izinto ezahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, bahlola ukuthi izifo ezithile, ukukhubazeka ohlelweni lwakho lokuzivikela komzimba, noma okuthile ezakhiweni zakho zofuzo kungakwenza yini ube sengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo.

Enye into ukuthi cishe abantu abangu-20% abathola lesi sifo batholakale benesifo sokuzivikela komzimba . Izifo zokuzivikela komzimba zenzeka lapho uhlelo lokuzivikela lomzimba wethu, okungukuthi, uhlelo lokuzivikela komzimba, luhlasela amangqamuzana omzimba wethu. Ngakho-ke, lezi zinhlobo zezifo zingaba yimbangela noma isici esiyingozi sokuthuthukisa i-GCM.

Uyithola kanjani ngokunembile lesi sifo?

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutholakala kwe-giant cell myocarditis (GCM), udokotela wakho kuzodingeka athathe isampula encane yemisipha yenhliziyo yakho . Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-heart biopsy. Isampula ithunyelwa elabhorethri futhi ihlolwe ngudokotela wezifo zenhliziyo.

Kubalulekile ukuthi isampula ihlolwe uchwepheshe onjengalona ngoba imiphumela ye-biopsy ye-giant cell myocarditis ingafana neyezinye izifo ezibangela ukuvuvukala kwemisipha yenhliziyo, njenge-cardiac sarcoidosis. Ngakho-ke, ukuxilongwa okunembile kubalulekile ohlelweni lokwelashwa.

Lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-`(Biopsy)` kuyingozi, kodwa kuyindlela kuphela yokwazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi unalesi sifo. Ezinye zezinkinga ezingase zenzeke ngemisipha yenhliziyo `(Biopsy)` yilezi:

• Ukuphuma kwegazi enhliziyweni (ukunqwabelana koketshezi olwelwesini oluzungeze inhliziyo)
• I-tamponade yenhliziyo
• Ukubhoboka kodonga lwegumbi lenhliziyo (udonga lwe-ventricular)

Uma ethatha lesi sampula, udokotela ufaka ithubhu elincane kakhulu, elibizwa ngokuthi i-catheter, enhliziyweni yakho ngomthambo wegazi omkhulu entanyeni noma embotsheni yakho. Le catheter iqondiswa enhliziyweni kusetshenziswa idivayisi ekhethekile (`Imaging`). Bese, ithuluzi elikhethekile ngaphakathi kwe-catheter lithatha ingxenye encane yomsipha wenhliziyo.

Ngezinye izikhathi kungadingeka okungaphezu kweyodwa `(Biopsy)`. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi `(GCM)` kungenzeka ingathinti zonke izingxenye zenhliziyo ngendlela efanayo. Ukwenza into efana nokuskena kwenhliziyo `(MRI)` kuzosiza udokotela ukuthi anqume ukuthi uzoyisa kuphi `(Biopsy)`.

Yiziphi ezinye izivivinyo ozenzayo?

Ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi awunaso esinye isifo senhliziyo, udokotela wakho angase akucele ukuthi kwenziwe ezinye izivivinyo. Ezinye zalezi zifo zifaka:

• I-Electrocardiogram (EKG)
• I-Echocardiogram
• Ukufakwa kwe-catheter kwenhliziyo

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?

Udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi ehlukahlukene yokwelapha lesi simo. Le mithi ihlanganisa:

• Kunganciphisa ukuvuvukala .
• Kuyasiza ekuvimbeleni ukwenzeka kwe-rhythm yenhliziyo engavamile noma ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo.
• Ungase unikezwe isikhathi esengeziwe kuze kube yilapho udinga ukufakelwa inhliziyo.
• Kusiza ekwandiseni impilo .

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha i-giant cell myocarditis (GCM) zisiza ukulawula ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kanye ne-cardiology engajwayelekile. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zingafaka:

• Imithi
• Ukususwa kwe-catheter
• I-pacemaker
• I-implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) iyithuluzi elifakwa emzimbeni ukulawula nokwethusa ukushaya kwenhliziyo.
• Ukufakelwa inhliziyo

Ngesikhathi ulinde ukufakelwa inhliziyo, ungase udinge idivayisi yokusiza i-ventricular yesobunxele (LVAD). Uma udinga ukufakelwa inhliziyo, kuzodingeka ukuthi uhlolwe futhi welashwe esibhedlela esinezinsiza zalokho.

Yimiphi imithi esetshenziswayo?

Ukwelashwa kwe-giant cell myocarditis (GCM) kuhlanganisa imithi elawula amasosha omzimba wakho (ama-immunosuppressants). Okusho ukuthi, imithi enciphisa amasosha omzimba. Eminye yale mithi ihlanganisa:

• I-Cyclosporine (isib. i-Gengraf®, i-Neoral®)
• Ama-corticosteroids afana ne-prednisone (isb. i-Sterapred®, i-Rayos®)
• I-Azathioprine (isb. Imuran®, Azasan®)

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqala le mithi ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngaphandle kwale mithi, kungadingeka ukufakelwa inhliziyo zingakapheli izinyanga ezintathu kusukela kuqale izimpawu, noma isimo singaba yingozi. Kodwa-ke, abantu abathatha imithi elawula amasosha omzimba bavame ukuphila cishe izinyanga eziyi-12.

Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?

Imiphumela emibi ingahluka kuye ngohlobo lomuthi owuthathayo. Eminye yemiphumela emibi evame kakhulu ihlanganisa:

• Ubuhlungu noma ubuthakathaka bemisipha
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Ushukela ophezulu egazini
• Uhudo
• Ukungalali

Uma uzizwa kanje, ungakhohlwa ukutshela udokotela wakho.

Impilo izoba njani ngalesi sifo?

Uma une-giant cell myocarditis (GCM), ingaholela ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo noma ekuvinjweni kwenhliziyo . Uma lezi zimo ziba zimbi kakhulu (ngokuvamile zingakapheli izinyanga ezinhlanu), ungadinga ukufakelwa inhliziyo, uma ufaneleka. Abantu abaningi baphelelwa izimpawu ngemva kokuthola inhliziyo entsha, kodwa kuzodingeka bathathe imithi eminingi emisha yokusekela inhliziyo entsha.

Ingabe i-giant cell myocarditis ingavinjelwa?

Nakuba abantu bengaphila isikhathi eside nge-giant cell myocarditis (GCM) kunangaphambili, kuseyisifo esibulalayo ngaphandle kokufakelwa inhliziyo . Engxenyeni enkulu yawo-1900, abantu abane-GCM baphila isikhathi esingaphansi kwezinyanga ezintathu. Kodwa namuhla, uma lesi sifo sitholakala kusenesikhathi futhi selashwa ngemithi elawula amasosha omzimba, abantu abangu-90% abane-GCM baphila okungenani unyaka. Le mithi ingakunika izinyanga noma iminyaka kuze kube yilapho udinga ukufakelwa inhliziyo.

Iyini inkomba yokubikezela lesi sifo?

Ngemva kokufakelwa inhliziyo, cishe abantu abangu-71% abane-giant cell myocarditis (GCM) baphila iminyaka emihlanu (82% kolunye ucwaningo) . Eminyakeni eyishumi ngemva kokufakelwa inhliziyo, izinga lokusinda licishe libe ngu-68%.

Kodwa-ke, amangqamuzana amakhulu angaphinde avele kubantu abaphakathi kuka-10% no-50% abathola inhliziyo entsha. Lokhu kungenzeka noma kuphi kusukela emavikini ambalwa kuya eminyakeni eyisishiyagalolunye ngemva kokufakelwa. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kuzodingeka uthathe ama-steroid izinyanga eziningana.

Ngizinakekela kanjani?

Uma une-giant cell myocarditis (GCM), kufanele ugweme imidlalo yokuncintisana okungenani izinyanga ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha . Uma i-GCM yakho isizinzile, buza udokotela wakho ukuthi kuphephile yini ukubuyela kancane kancane ekuzivocavoceni.

Kunini lapho udinga ukubonana nodokotela?

Uma uhlangabezana nemiphumela emibi kakhulu ngemithi yakho, noma uma izimpawu zakho zibonakala ziba zimbi kakhulu, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha . Kubalulekile futhi ukubona udokotela wakho njalo ukuze uqaphe isimo sakho.

Kunini lapho kudingeka uye e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Uma uzwa ubuhlungu obukhulu esifubeni noma ubunzima bokuphefumula, shayela u-911 noma uye ekamelweni eliphuthumayo ngokushesha. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba lokhu kungaba izimpawu zesimo esibucayi.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela?

Ungakhohlwa ukubuza le mibuzo uma ubona udokotela wakho:

• Kukangaki ngidinga ukuza ngezikhathi zokulandelela?
• Ingabe ikhona iqembu lokusekela abantu abanalesi sifo abangalijoyina?
• Ucabanga ukuthi ngizodinga ukufakelwa inhliziyo?

Okokugcina, into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule

Ngakho-ke, manje cishe uyaqonda ukuthi i-Giant Cell Myocarditis yisifo senhliziyo esingavamile kakhulu, kodwa esibi kakhulu. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela izimpawu kusenesikhathi, ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha, bese uqala ukwelashwa okufanele. Ungakhathazeki, ngoba kunezindlela zokwelapha lesi sifo manje, futhi isikhathi sokuphila singandiswa. Ngakho-ke, uma uzizwa into engavamile ngenhliziyo yakho, ungayinaki bese ubona udokotela. Nakekela inhliziyo yakho!

I- Giant Cell Myocarditis, I-Giant Cell Myocarditis, Isifo Senhliziyo, Ukufakelwa Kwenhliziyo, Amaseli Amakhulu, Ukuphazamiseka Kwesigqi Senhliziyo, Isimiso Sokuzivikela Emzimbeni, Ukuhlaselwa Yinhliziyo, Isifo Senhliziyo