Izinso zingenye yezitho ezimangalisayo kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Zifana nohlelo lokuhlanza olukhulu ngaphakathi emzimbeni wethu. Zihlunga imfucuza engafuneki egazini lethu, zisuse amanzi angaphezulu, bese ziyikhipha njengomchamo. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi lezi zinso eziyigugu nazo ziyagula. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesifo abantu abaningi abangakaze bezwe ngaso, kodwa esingalimaza umzimba buthule. Leso yi-Glomerulonephritis.
Kalula nje, iyini i-Glomerulonephritis (GN)?
Leli igama elide, elingavamile, kodwa kulula kakhulu ukuliqonda. I-Glomerulonephritis yisimo esithinta izinso. Ngaphakathi kwezinso zethu, kunezigidi zezihlungi ezincane nezithambile ezihlunga igazi. Lezi sizibiza ngokuthi ama-glomeruli. Zicabange njengezimbobo ezincane ku-tea strainer. Esifweni esibizwa ngokuthi i-glomerulonephritis, lezi zihlungi ezincane ziyalimala futhi zivuvukale.
Uma lezi zihlungi zonakele, azikwazi ukusebenza kahle. Lokho kusho ukuthi azikwazi ukuhlunga kahle ukungcola kanye noketshezi olungadingekile emzimbeni. Uma lesi simo siba sibi kakhulu, singaholela nasekuhlulekeni kwezinso . Kodwa izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ezimweni eziningi, izigaba zokuqala zalesi sifo zingelapheka ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa.
Ngakho-ke kwenzekani ngempela kulezi zihlungi ze-Glomeruli?
Izinso zethu ngazinye zinamayunithi amancane okuhlunga angaba yisigidi abizwa ngokuthi ama-glomeruli. Lawa akhiwe ngemithambo yegazi emincane kakhulu (ama-capillaries) ahlanganiswe ndawonye. Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukuhlunga ukungcola namanzi angaphezulu egazini lethu. Lesi yisinyathelo sokuqala nesibaluleke kakhulu enkambisweni yokwakheka komchamo. Ngakho-ke cabanga, uma kwenzeka okuthile kulolu hlelo lokuhlunga, inqubo yokuhlanza umzimba wethu wonke ingaphazamiseka, akunjalo?
Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo eziyinhloko zalesi sifo?
Yebo, lesi sifo singahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko kuye ngokuthi senzeka kanjani.
1. I-Glomerulonephritis Ebukhali: Lokhu kuqala ngokuzumayo.
2. I-Glomerulonephritis Engapheli: Lesi yisimo esibi kakhulu esikhula kancane kancane. Singahlala iminyaka.
Abanye abantu bangase babe nesimo esiphuthumayo (esibi kakhulu), esingaba yisifo esingapheli ngemva kweminyaka eminingi siphulukisiwe.
Ziyini izimpawu ze-Glomerulonephritis?
Into eyingozi kakhulu ngalesi sifo ukuthi abantu abaningi ababonisi zimpawu ekuqaleni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bangase bangazi nokuthi banalesi sifo. Kodwa-ke, uma kuvela izimpawu, zingase zibe njengoba kuboniswe kuthebula elingezansi.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Igazi emchameni | Umchamo ungase ubonakale unombala onsundu omnyama (njengamanzi etiye), opinki, noma obomvu. |
| Ukuvuvukala kobuso nemilenze | Uma ngivuka ekuseni, amehlo ami nobuso bami kubukeka sengathi kuyavuvukala. Emini, imilenze namaqakala ami kuyavuvukala. |
| Umchamo onegwebu | Uma uchama ngamabhamuza amaningi kanye negwebu elinensipho, kungenzeka ukuthi kungenxa yokuthi iphrotheni ikhishwa kanye nomchamo. |
| Umfutho Wegazi Ophakeme | Uma ukusebenza kwezinso kuphazamiseka, umfutho wegazi ungakhuphuka. |
| Ushintsho ekuphindaphindeni kokuchama | Ungase ukhiphe umchamo omncane noma omningi kunokuvamile. |
| Ezinye izici | Isicanucanu, ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, ubunzima bokuphefumula, ubuhlungu bamalunga noma besisu, ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla, kanye nokwehla kwesisindo. |
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu. Nakuba lezi zimpawu zingabangelwa nezinye izimo, kubalulekile ukuthola imbangela eqondile.
Kungani lolu hlobo lwesifo luvela? Ziyini izimbangela?
Ngokuvamile kunzima ukuthola imbangela ethile yalokhu, kodwa kutholakale ukuthi kungabangelwa izimo ezithile zezokwelapha kanye nezifo.
| Isizathu esingaba khona | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Izifo | Umphimbo obuhlungu ungabangelwa yizifo ezifana ne-HIV, i-hepatitis C, kanye ne-bacterial endocarditis. |
| Izinkinga zesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela | Amasosha omzimba wethu ahlasela ngephutha amangqamuzana anempilo ezinso. Isibonelo, i-lupus. |
| I-IgA Nephropathy | Isifo esibangelwa ukugcwala kwe-antibody ebizwa ngokuthi i-Immunoglobulin A (IgA) ezinso. |
| Izifo zemithambo yegazi | Ezinye izifo ezingavamile (isib. i-granulomatosis ene-polyangiitis) zingabangela ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi, okungalimaza izinso. |
| Ezinye izizathu | Kungabangelwa futhi izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza (isb. i-multiple myeloma) futhi, okungavamile kakhulu, yizimbangela zofuzo ezidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. |
Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-glomerulonephritis?
Uma lesi sifo singelashwa kahle, singabangela umonakalo oqhubekayo ezinso futhi siholele ezinkingeni ezinkulu.
- Isifo Sezinso Esingapheli (CKD): Ukwehla kancane kancane kokusebenza kwezinso.
- Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (umfutho wegazi ophakeme):Ngenxa yokuthi izinso ziyasiza ekulawuleni umfutho wegazi, uma zonakele, umfutho uyanda.
- Ukwehluleka Kwezinso: Lokhu kungenzeka ngokushesha noma eminyakeni eminingi. Kulesi simo, izinso ziyeka ukusebenza cishe ngokuphelele.
- I-Nephrotic Syndrome: Isimo esibangelwa ukuphuma kwamaprotheni amaningi emchameni, okuholela ekuvuvukeni kanye namazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol.
- Amahlule egazi: Ingozi yokuthi amahlule egazi akheke emithanjeni yemilenze (Deep Vein Thrombosis - DVT) noma emaphashini (Pulmonary Embolism - PE) iyanda.
Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi sifo ngokunembile?
Esikhathini esiningi, lesi sifo sitholakala ngengozi. Okusho ukuthi, lapho kuhlolwa esinye isifo. Uma udokotela wakho esola lesi sifo ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zakho, angakudlulisela kuchwepheshe wezinso. Ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
| Ukuhlolwa | Ubonani kulokhu? |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlolwa Komchamo | Umchamo uyahlolwa igazi (amangqamuzana egazi abomvu) noma iphrotheni. |
| Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi | Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kulinganisa izinga le-creatinine, umkhiqizo ongcolile okhishwa yizinso. Uma leli zinga liphezulu, kusho ukuthi izinso azisebenzi kahle. |
| Ukuhlolwa Kwezinso | Kusetshenziswa inaliti, kuthathwa ingcezu encane kakhulu yezicubu ezinso bese ihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Lena yindlela engcono kakhulu yokuthola imbangela eqondile yesifo. |
| Ukuhlolwa Kwezithombe | Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasound, i-X-ray, noma i-CT scan kuhlola usayizi, ukuma, kanye nokuba khona kwanoma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka ezinso. |
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Ukwelashwa kuncike embangela yesifo kanye nobukhulu bomonakalo ezinso. Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa ukuvimbela umonakalo owengeziwe ezinso nokulondoloza ukusebenza kwazo.
- Ukwelapha imbangela eyinhloko: Isibonelo, uma lesi simo sibangelwa umfutho wegazi ophakeme, kuzonikezwa imithi yokulawula umfutho wegazi. Uma sibangelwa ukutheleleka, kuzonikezwa ama-antibiotic.
- Izinguquko ekudleni: Udokotela wakho angase akucebise ukuthi unciphise ukudla okunosawoti omningi kanye namaprotheni amaningi, okufaka ingcindezi eyengeziwe ezinso zakho.
- Ama-Immunosuppressants: Uma lesi sifo sibangelwa inkinga ohlelweni lokuzivikela komzimba, le mithi inikezwa ukulawula ukusebenza kwalolo hlelo.
- Ama-Corticosteroids: Lawa asiza ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala ezinso.
- I-Dialysis: Lena inqubo yokuhlanza igazi ngosizo lomshini uma izinso zibuthakathaka kakhulu ukuba zenze umsebenzi wazo.
- Imithi yokwehlisa uketshezi: Le mithi inikezwa ukususa uketshezi oluningi emzimbeni nokunciphisa ukuvuvukala.
- I-Plasmapheresis: Lena inqubo ekhethekile ehlunga amaprotheni ayingozi egazini.
Ingabe i-glomerulonephritis ingavinjelwa?
Eqinisweni, ayikho indlela eqinisekisiwe yokuvimbela lesi sifo. Kodwa-ke, ukulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo nokwamukela imikhuba ethile kunganciphisa ingozi.
- Yidla ukudla okulinganiselayo. Nciphisa izithako zokwenziwa kanye nokudla okucutshunguliwe ngangokunokwenzeka.
- Uma unomfutho wegazi ophakeme , lawula kahle ngokudla ukudla okunosawoti omncane, ukuzivocavoca umzimba, kanye nokuthatha imithi udokotela wakho ayinikezayo ngqo.
- Uma unesifo sikashukela , silawule kahle.
- Vimbela ukutheleleka. Zijwayeze ukuhlanzeka okuhle. Uma uthola into efana nokutheleleka komphimbo (strep throat), ungayinaki bese ubona udokotela ngokushesha ukuze uthole ukwelashwa.
- Gwema ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa imithi efana nemithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela.
Uma uke watholakala une-Glomerulonephritis, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlolwe izinso zakho njalo, uphuze imithi yakho njengoba uqondiswe udokotela wakho, futhi ulawule ukudla kwakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Glomerulonephritis (GN) yisifo esibangela umonakalo ezihlungini ezithambile ezinso. Ngokuvamile ibangela umonakalo ongabonakali emzimbeni.
- Qaphela izimpawu ezifana nomchamo omnyama, ukuvuvukala kobuso noma imilenze, kanye nomchamo onegwebu. Kodwa khumbula, abantu abaningi abanazo izimpawu.
- Ukwelapha izifo zomphimbo (njenge-strep throat) ngokushesha kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukulimala kwezinso kamuva.
- Uma othile emndenini wakho enesifo sezinso, uma unesifo sikashukela noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uhlolwe njalo ngudokotela.
- Uma kutholakala ukuthi unesifo, landela ngokuqinile imiyalelo yokudla kanye nemithi enikezwe udokotela wakho ukuze uvikele izinso zakho.
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