Ingabe nawe ubhekene nokulahlekelwa ukuzwa? Ake sixoxe ngokulahlekelwa ukuzwa!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa sengathi othile uyabubula lapho ekhuluma? Noma ingabe ukuthola kunzima ukuzwa okushiwoyo ngokucacile uma ukhuluma ocingweni noma ubukele i-TV? Noma ingabe kufanele ubuze abanye abantu njalo ukuthi, "Bathini?"? Lokhu kungaba izimpawu zokuthi ukuzwa kwakho kubuthakathaka kancane. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe, ngoba kuthinta abantu abaningi.

Kuyini Ukulahlekelwa Yizindlebe?

Kalula nje, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa ukungakwazi ukubona imisindo kahle lapho ingxenye ethile yesistimu yethu yokuzwa ithintekile. Uma unenkinga yokuzwa, ungase ube nobunzima bokuqonda nokuhlanganyela ezingxoxweni. Kungaba nzima ukuqonda uma ukhuluma ocingweni, emhlanganweni we-inthanethi, noma uma ubukele i-TV, akunjalo? Cabanga ukuthi kungaba yinto ekhungathekisa kanjani uma ukhuluma nabangani bakho bese bedidekile.

Lesi simo singathinta umsebenzi wakho, ubudlelwano bakho, ngisho nokujabulela kwakho impilo. Ngokuvamile, kunzima ukubuyisela ngokuphelele ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa. Kodwa ungakhathazeki! Odokotela be-Audiologists - odokotela abangochwepheshe ekuxilongeni nasekwelapheni izinkinga zokuzwa - balapha ukuzokusiza. Bangancoma ukwelashwa okufanele wena, njengezinsiza zokuzwa noma izifakelo ze-cochlear . Lokhu kunganciphisa kakhulu ukulahlekelwa kwakho ukuzwa.

Ingabe lesi yisimo esivamile ngempela?

Yebo, impela. Lokhu kuyinto eyenzeka kubantu abaningi kunalokho ongase ucabange. Izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke zihlushwa izinga elithile lokulahlekelwa ukuzwa.

• Abanye abantu bangase babe nokulahlekelwa ukuzwa endlebeni eyodwa kuphela, esikubiza ngokuthi ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kwe-unity hearing .
• Futhi, njengoba sikhula - ngokwesilinganiso, cishe oyedwa kwabathathu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65, kanye noyedwa kwababili abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-75 - kwenzeka ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okuhlobene nobudala .
• Lesi simo singabonakala nasezinsaneni ezincane. Cishe, cishe izingane ezimbili kweziyinkulungwane zizalwa zinohlobo oluthile lokukhubazeka kokuzwa.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zokukhubazeka kokuzwa?

Kulungile, ingabe zonke lezi zinkinga zokuzwa ziyafana? Cha, kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini.

• Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okubangela ukucindezeleka: Lokhu kwenzeka uma kukhona ukuvaleka kokudlula kwamaza omsindo endlebeni yakho yangaphandle (i-eardrum, umsele wendlebe) noma endlebeni yakho ephakathi (i-eardrum, amathambo amathathu amancane endlebeni). Kufana nomgwaqo ovinjiwe.
• Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kwe-sensorineural:Lokhu kwenzeka lapho indlebe yakho yangaphakathi (i-cochlea, ingxenye yobuchopho bakho eyakha inzwa yakho yokuzwa) yonakala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kodwa akuvamile kakhulu, lolu hlobo lokulahlekelwa ukuzwa lungenzeka ngokuzumayo, ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Lubizwa ngokuthi Ukulahlekelwa Ukuzwa Okungazelelwe (i-SSLL) , noma ukungezwa okuzumayo .
• Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okuxubile: Njengoba igama lisho, lokhu kungabandakanya kokubili izinkinga ngendlebe yakho ephakathi noma yangaphandle (okungukuthi ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okuhambisana nokuphefumula) kanye nezinkinga ngendlebe yakho yangaphakathi (okungukuthi ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kwe-sensorineural).

Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi nginalesi simo? (Izimpawu)

Esikhathini esiningi, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kwenzeka kancane kancane. Ngakho-ke abanye abantu abakuboni ngisho nokukubona ekuqaleni. Kodwa qaphela lezi zimpawu, ngoba uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuzinaka.

• Ingabe kufanele ubuze abanye njalo ukuthi, "Uthini?" futhi?
• Ingabe unenkinga yokuqonda ingxoxo uma usecingweni noma endaweni enomsindo njengendawo yokudlela?
• Uzizwa sengathi uyahleba lapho abanye abantu bekhuluma?
• Awuzwa yini imisindo ephezulu efana neyokucula kwezinyoni?
• Ingabe udinga ukukhulisa ivolumu ku-TV yakho, kukhompyutha, noma kuthebhulethi?
• Uyawuzwa umsindo wokukhala noma wokubhonga (i-tinnitus) ezindlebeni zakho?
• Ingabe unenkinga yendlebe ?
• Ingabe indlebe yakho izwakala sengathi igcwele okuthile, sengathi kukhona uketshezi ngaphakathi?
• Ingabe unezinkinga zokulinganisela noma isiyezi ?

Ungasibona kanjani lesi simo ezinganeni ezincane?

Ukuqaphela lesi simo ezinganeni ezincane kuhlukile kancane. Njengabazali, kudingeka siqaphele kakhulu ngalokhu.

Izici Zezingane:

• Bangase bangasabeli emisindweni emikhulu (isib., ukuvalwa komnyango, umsindo omkhulu ongazelelwe).
• Ngisho nangemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha , bangase bangaphenduli ikhanda labo libheke lapho umsindo uzwakala khona .
• Ngisho nangemva konyaka , bangase bangakwazi ukusho amagama ahlukile njengelithi "mama" nelithi "baba."
• Bangase bangaphenduli uma ubabiza ngamagama abo.

Izici zezingane ezindala:

• Ngihlala ngibuza ukuthi "Huh?" "Yini?"
• Baqala ukukhuluma sekwephuzile kunezinye izingane ezingontanga yabo.
• Amagama awacaci kahle uma ekhuluma.
• Akalandeli imiyalelo (mhlawumbe ngoba abazizwa).
• Ngikhuphula kakhulu ivolumu ku-TV naku-tablet .

Kungani kwenzeka ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kulezi zindlebe? (Izizathu)

Kulungile, kungani lokhu kulahlekelwa ukuzwa kwenzeka? Kungaba nezizathu eziningi. Isibonelo, ukuchayeka ngokuzumayo emisindweni emikhulu - njengokuya embukisweni omkhulu womculo - kungathinta ukuzwa kwakho.

Izimbangela zokulahlekelwa ukuzwa okuhambisana nokulawula:

• Indlebe igcwele i-earwax .
• Ukuqongelela koketshezi endlebeni ephakathi ngenxa yomkhuhlane kanye nokungezwani komzimba.
• Ukutheleleka kwendlebe ephakathi (i-Otitis media) .
• Ukutheleleka kwendlebe okubangelwa amanzi angena endlebeni ngenkathi ubhukuda (i-Otitis externa) - okubizwa nangokuthi "indlebe yokubhukuda".
• Ukwakheka koketshezi endlebeni ephakathi ngenxa yezinkinga ngethubhu ye-Eustachian - ithubhu elixhumanisa indlebe ephakathi nomphimbo.
• I-eardrum ephukile .
• Izimila zendlebe (lezi zingaba umdlavuza noma zibe yingozi).
• Kukhona okunamathele endlebeni. Isibonelo, ingane yakho encane ingathola ucezu oluncane lwethoyizi noma uswidi owunike lona etafuleni lesidlo sakusihlwa lunamathele endlebeni yayo!
• Ezinye izimo zokuzalwa zibangela ukuthi indlebe ephakathi noma yangaphandle yomntwana ingakhuli kahle.

Izimbangela zokulahlekelwa ukuzwa yizinzwa:

• Ukuguga (lokhu kuyimbangela evame kakhulu).
• Izifo ezifana nesifo semithambo yenhliziyo , umfutho wegazi ophakeme , isifo sohlangothi , kanye nesifo sikashukela .
• Ukulimala kwendlebe okubangelwa eminye imithi (i-ototoxicity) - eminye imithi yokulwa namagciwane kanye nemithi yokulwa nomdlavuza iyizibonelo zalokhu.
• Ezinye izimo zofuzo ezizuzwa njengefa .
• Ukushaywa kanzima ekhanda .
• Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okubangelwa umsindo . Lokhu kwenzeka uma usebenza ezindaweni ezinomsindo, njengezimboni nezindawo zokwakha, isikhathi eside, noma uma usebenzisa ama-headphone ngomsindo ophezulu.
• Izifo ezifana ne -cytomegalovirus (CMV), edluliselwa kusuka kumama kuya enganeni ngesikhathi sokuzalwa.

Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okuxubile:

Lokhu kuyinhlanganisela yezimbangela ezibangela ukuvuvukala kanye nezinzwa okukhulunywe ngazo ngaphambili. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kuthinta indlebe yakho yangaphandle nephakathi kanye nendlebe yakho yangaphakathi. Isibonelo, uma uthatha umuthi othinta indlebe yakho yangaphakathi bese uqhuma ngengozi i-eardrum yakho, khona-ke unenkinga yokuzwa exubile.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingabangelwa yilokhu?

Yimiphi imiphumela emibi yokulahlekelwa ukuzwa? Eqinisweni, kungakwenza uzizwe ungaxhunyiwe ezweni. Ungase uzizwe ukhungathekile, uthukuthele, futhi unenzondo . Abantu abanenkinga enkulu yokungezwa bangase babe nokukhathazeka noma ukucindezeleka.Kukhona nezinkinga zengqondo ezingaba khona ezifana nalezi: Izingane ezinenkinga yokuzwa zingase zibe nobunzima bokugxila emsebenzini wesikole futhi zingase zibe namamaki aphansi. Futhi, ucwaningo luthole ukuxhumana phakathi kokulahlekelwa ukuzwa kubantu abadala kanye ne-dementia, isifo sokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani lokhu? (Ukuxilongwa)

Uma unezimpawu ezinjengalezi, udokotela ukuxilonga kanjani lokhu?

Okokuqala, udokotela wakho uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho bese ekwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Bazohlola izifo zendlebe nezinye izinkinga. Uma ulimele endlebeni yakho noma usola okuthile okufana nesimila, bangase bakucele ukuthi uhlolwe nge -CT scan (Computed Tomography scan) noma nge-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) .

Ngemuva kwalokho, udokotela wakho uzokudlulisela kudokotela we-audiologist , noma ungabonana nodokotela we-audiologist ngqo. Udokotela we-audiologist yilowo owenza izivivinyo zokuzwa ezikhethekile.

Nazi ezinye zezivivinyo ezivame kakhulu:

• Ukuhlolwa kwethoni emsulwa: Lokhu ukuhlolwa okuvame kakhulu. Kukala iphimbo eliphansi kakhulu ongalizwa kuphimbo ngalinye. Uvezwa yile misindo ngama-headphone noma ama-earplug. Ukuhlolwa kokuqhuba amathambo kwenziwa nangokubeka idivayisi ekhanda lakho. Ngokwenza kokubili ukuhlolwa kwe-headphone/plug kanye nokuhlolwa kokuqhuba amathambo, udokotela we-audiologist angakutshela ukuthi hlobo luni lokulahlekelwa ukuzwa onalo.
• Ukuhlolwa kokukhishwa kwe-Otoacoustic (OAE): Lokhu kuhlola ukuthi indlebe yakho yangaphakathi isebenza kahle kangakanani. Kulinganisa imisindo ekhishwa amangqamuzana amancane endlebeni yangaphakathi.
• I-Tympanometry: Lokhu kulinganisa ukuthi i-eardrum yakho ihamba kahle kangakanani. Ingabona izinto ezifana ne-eardrum eqhumile, uketshezi endlebeni ephakathi, kanye nokunqwabelana kwe-eardrum.

Zingakanani amazinga okulahlekelwa ukuzwa?

Ngemva kokuhlolwa kokuzwa, udokotela wezindlebe uzokukhombisa imiphumela futhi achaze ukuthi isho ukuthini. Ngokuvamile, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kuhlukaniswa 'ngezinga lokulahlekelwa' . Lokhu kubhekisela ekutheni imisindo ephezulu idinga ukuba kanjani ukuze izwakale. Ngokusho kwe-American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, lawa mazinga yilawa:

• Okuvamile
• Kancane
• Okuncane
• Okumaphakathi
• Kunzima kakhulu
• Okubi kakhulu
• Kunzima kakhulu (Okujulile)

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?

Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha zalokhu. Izindlela zokwelapha ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lokulahlekelwa ukuzwa onalo.

Ukwelashwa kokulahlekelwa ukuzwa okuhambisana nokuphefumula:

• Imithi efana nama-antibiotics okwelapha izifo zendlebe.
• Ukuhlinzwa: I-Tympanoplasty yokulungisa i-eardrum ephukile, ukufakwa kwamapayipi endlebeni ephakathi (okubizwa ngokuthi amapayipi endlebe), i-tympanostomy, noma ukuhlinzwa kokususa i-eardrum .
• Izindlela zokususa i-earwax noma ezinye izinto ezinamathele endlebeni.

Ukwelashwa kokulahlekelwa ukuzwa yizinzwa:

• Imithi efana ne -corticosteroids - Le mithi inikezwa ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala uma amangqamuzana ezinwele ezithambile ku-cochlea yakho elimele ngenxa yokuchayeka emsindweni omkhulu.
• Ukuphathwa: Izinsiza zokuzwa kanye nokufakelwa kwe-cochlear kusiza ekuboneni umsindo.

Ukwelashwa kokulahlekelwa ukuzwa okuxubile:

• Ukwelashwa kwalokhu kuncike ezinkingeni ezithile ezithinta indlebe yakho yangaphandle, ephakathi, kanye nengaphakathi. Kungaba inhlanganisela yazo zombili lezi zindlela zokwelapha ezishiwo ngenhla.

Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?

Njenganoma yikuphi ukwelashwa, kunemiphumela emibi engaba khona, ikakhulukazi ngokuhlinzwa.

• Njengenkinga ye-tympanoplasty , ngezinye izikhathi i-eardrum ingase ingakheki kahle ngemva kokuhlinzwa (ukwehluleka kwe-graft) .
• Imiphumela emibi ye-tympanostomy ingafaka phakathi izibazi ze-eardrum (tympanosclerosis) , izifo zendlebe eziphindaphindayo, noma uketshezi oluqhubekayo oluvela endlebeni (i-otorrhea) .
• Ukwelashwa kwezigaxa zendlebe ngezinye izikhathi kungabangela ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okwengeziwe, izinkinga zokulinganisela, kanye nobuthakathaka kolunye uhlangothi lobuso.
• Ukuhlinzwa kokufakelwa kwe-cochlear kungathinta ibhalansi yakho, noma ngisho nokuzwa okusele, noma ngabe ulahlekelwe kakhulu ukuzwa. Akuvamile kakhulu, lokhu kuhlinzwa kungabangela ukulimala kwemizwa noma ukuvuza koketshezi lomgogodla .

Ingabe lokhu kungavinjelwa?

Nokho-ke, ingabe kukhona esingakwenza ukuvimbela lokhu kulahlekelwa ukuzwa?

Eqinisweni, asikwazi ukuvimbela ezinye izinhlobo zokulahlekelwa ukuzwa (njengalezo ezihambisana nokuguga). Kodwa-ke, umsindo owedlulele yimbangela eyinhloko engavinjelwa. Ngakho-ke, ukugwema izimo nezindawo ezinamazinga aphezulu omsindo ngangokunokwenzeka kungakusiza ukuvimbela ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okubangelwa umsindo .

Uma lokho kungenakugwenywa, yenza lezi zinto ukuze uvikele izindlebe zakho:

• Sebenzisa ama-earplug noma ama-earmuff uma usemakhonsathini, ugibele izithuthuthu, uzungeze amabhendi anomsindo emishadweni, noma uma usebenza ngemishini enomsindo.
• Yehlisa ivolumu. Uma ulalele umculo ngama-headphone noma ama-earbud, gcina ivolumu iphansi ngokwanele ukuze uzwe abantu abakuzungezile bekhuluma. Omunye umthetho omuhle ukuthi ungalaleli umculo ongaphezu kwevolumu engu-80% isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu engu-90 ngosuku.
• Ungafaki lutho emgudwini wendlebe. Izinto ezifana nama-cotton bud, ama-hairpin, kanye nezihluthulelo zingabhajwa endlebeni noma zibhoboze i-eardrum.
• Gwema ukubhema. Ukubhema kuphazamisa ukujikeleza kwegazi futhi kungathinta nokuzwa.
• Ukuzivocavoca umzimba njalo. Kusiza ekuvimbeleni izifo ezingathinta ukuzwa, njengesifo sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme.
• Phatha izifo zakho ezingamahlalakhona ngendlela efanele futhi uvimbele umonakalo owengeziwe.

Yini okufanele ngiyilindele? Ngingazinakekela kanjani?

Uma unenkinga yokuzwa, yini ongayilindela? Ungazinakekela kanjani?

Kuncike kakhulu esimweni sakho. Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okuthile kungokwesikhashana. Isibonelo, kungenzeka uma unomkhuhlane, ufaka amanzi endlebeni yakho ngenkathi ubhukuda (indlebe yokubhukuda), noma kukhona okunamathelayo endlebeni yakho. Kodwa-ke, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa yizinzwa kanye nokulahlekelwa ukuzwa okuhlobene nokuguga kuvame ukuba yinto engapheli. Kodwa-ke, ungabuyisa iningi lokuzwa kwakho ngezinsiza zokuzwa noma izimila ze-cochlear.

Ukuphila nokulahlekelwa ukuzwa, ngisho noma ukwelashwa, kungaba nzima ngezinye izikhathi. Kungase kube nezikhathi lapho ungezwa kahle ngendlela obungathanda ngayo. Uma lokho kwenzeka, kuwumqondo omuhle ukutshela abanye ukuthi ulahlekelwe ukuzwa. Lokhu kuzokwenza kube lula ngabo ukukusiza nokukuqonda.

Lesi simo singathinta nempilo yakho yengqondo . Ngisho noma ukwelashwa, ungase uzizwe ucindezelekile noma ukhathazekile. Uma uzizwa ngale ndlela, khuluma nodokotela noma umngane ngakho.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela? Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze?

Uma ucabanga ukuthi ukuzwa kwakho kuya ngokuya kuba kubi, bonana nodokotela ngokushesha. Ungase udinge uhlobo oluhlukile losizo lokuzwa.

Uma ukuhlolwa kwakho kokuzwa kuqinisekisa ukuthi unenkinga yokuzwa, ungabuza udokotela wakho le mibuzo:

• Iyini imbangela yokulahlekelwa kwami ​​​​yizindlebe?
• Yini engingayenza ukuze ngithuthukise ukuzwa kwami?
• Ingabe ukulahlekelwa kwami ​​​​ukuzwa kuzoba kubi kakhulu?
• Ingabe kufanele ngicabangele ukuhlinzwa kwe-cochlear implant ? (Uma ulahlekelwe kakhulu ukuzwa)

Umehluko phakathi kokulahlekelwa ukuzwa nokungezwa

Kalula nje, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwaUmuntu onenkinga yokuzwa usengakwazi ukuzwa ngokwanele ukuqonda inkulumo (nakuba mhlawumbe kunzima). Ukuzwa kwakhe kungathuthukiswa ngezinsiza zokuzwa noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

Umuntu oyisithulu uzwa okuncane kakhulu noma akazwa lutho. Amadivayisi anjengezinsiza-kuzwa awasizi. Umuntu oyisithulu angasebenzisa ulimi lwezandla ukuxhumana.

Ingabe ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kuwukukhubazeka?

Ngokwesibonelo, amanye amazwe anemithetho efana noMthetho WaseMelika Okhubazekile (i-ADA) . Ngokwaleyo mithetho, izimo ezithile zezokwelapha ezithinta kakhulu imisebenzi yansuku zonke zibhekwa njengokukhubazeka. Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kungenye yezimo ezinjalo, kodwa ukuthi kubhekwa njengokukhubazeka noma cha kuncike ezingeni lokulahlekelwa ukuzwa. ISri Lanka nayo inemithetho nezinqubomgomo kulokhu.

Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kungaba okwesikhashana, kodwa abantu abaningi banokulahlekelwa ukuzwa okungapheli okungelapheki. Lokhu kungakwenza uzizwe sengathi uphuthelwa izinto eziningi empilweni, futhi kungakwenza uzizwe ukhungathekile, unesizungu, noma ucindezelekile. Uma ucabanga ukuthi unenkinga yokuzwa, khuluma nodokotela noma udokotela wezindlebe. Bangakusiza ukuthi unqume indlela engcono kakhulu yokuthuthukisa ukuzwa kwakho.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ekugcineni, nginalokhu engizokutshela khona:

Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa akuyona into engavamile njengoba ungase ucabange. Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, ungazinaki. Kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha okukhulu. Kunezindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo kuye ngokuthi imbangela ikuphi, futhi ungavimbela nesimo ukuba singabi sibi kakhulu.

Khumbula, izindlebe zakho zizinto ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu empilweni yakho. Ngakho-ke zinakekele. Gwema imisindo ephezulu, ungafaki izinto ezingadingekile ezindlebeni zakho, futhi ulandele imikhuba emihle yokuhlanzeka.

Awuwedwa, futhi baningi abantu abangakusiza. Ungesabi, unganqikazi, futhi uthole usizo oludingayo. Ukunakekela impilo yakho yokuzwa kuzosiza ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yempilo yakho iyonke.

Ukuzwa , ukukhubazeka kokuzwa, ubuthulu, izinkinga zendlebe, usizo lokuzwa, i-cochlear implant, udokotela wezindlebe, Ukulahlekelwa Ukuzwa