Kungenzeka ukuthi ubungazi ukuthi unesifo senhliziyo kusukela useyingane. Kodwa njengoba ukhula, noma njengoba ukhula, usuqalile yini ukuzizwa ukhathele, uphelelwa umoya, noma ukushaya kwesifuba? Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi isifo senhliziyo yinto ehambisana nokuguga. Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi, ezinye izifo zenhliziyo zizuzwa njengefa. Namuhla, sikhuluma ngezifo zenhliziyo ezizalwa nazo, ezitholakala noma zelashwe lapho usukhulile.
Kuyini Isifo Senhliziyo Sabantu Abadala Abazalwa Naso (i-ACHD)?
Kalula nje, lokhu kuyisici esimweni noma esakhiweni senhliziyo yakho esikhona lapho uzalwa. Igama elithi “congenital” lisho “kusukela ekuzalweni.” Lokhu kukhubazeka kukhula ngesikhathi ingane isesesibelethweni. Lokhu kukhubazeka kungathinta indlela igazi eligeleza ngayo enhliziyweni . Siphinde sikubize ngokuthi “ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okuzalwa nakho.”
Ezinye zalezi zimo zenhliziyo zincane kakhulu. Ezinye zingaba zimbi kakhulu. Kuye ngohlobo kanye nobukhulu besici, abanye abantu bangase bangabi nazimpawu baze babe badala. Abanye bangase bangabi nazimpawu nhlobo kukho konke ukuphila kwabo. Abanye bangase belashwe ngakho besebancane kodwa babe nemiphumela yesikhathi eside lapho sebekhulile.
Kodwa asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka. Ngokuthuthuka kwezokwelapha zanamuhla, izindlela zokuxilonga nokwelapha lezi zifo zithuthuke kakhulu. Eqinisweni, abantu abangaphezu kuka-90% abaphathwa ngalezi zifo zenhliziyo njengoba izingane ziqhubeka nokuphila impilo enempilo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi utholakale unalesi sifo useyingane noma usemdala, uzodinga iseluleko sezokwelapha kanye nokuhlolwa impilo yonke ukuze kuqashwe isimo sakho.
Yiziphi izingxenye zenhliziyo lokhu okungazithinta?
Lezi ziphazamiso zenhliziyo ezizalwa nazo zingathinta noma iyiphi ingxenye yenhliziyo. Izingxenye eziyinhloko ezingathinteka yilezi:
- Imithambo yegazi : Imithambo yegazi enhliziyweni ithwala igazi emzimbeni wonke iphinde ilibuyisele enhliziyweni. Imithambo yegazi ithwala igazi elinomoya-mpilo lisuka enhliziyweni liye emzimbeni. Imithambo yegazi ithwala igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo libuyele enhliziyweni.
- Amakamelo enhliziyo: Ukushaya kwenhliziyo nokujikeleza kwegaziIlawulwa yilezi zindawo. Kunezindawo ezimbili eziphezulu (i-atria yesokudla nesobunxele) kanye nezindawo ezimbili ezingezansi (ama-ventricle angakwesokudla nakwesobunxele). Lezi zindawo zihlukaniswe ngodonga (i-septum).
- Ama-valve enhliziyo : Lawa ma-valve amane asiza igazi ukuthi ligeleze enhliziyweni liye ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela. Afana neminyango evimba igazi ukuthi lingagelezi ngendlela engafanele.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zesifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso?
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezifo zenhliziyo ezizalwa nazo ezivame kakhulu kubantu abadala. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini.
| Uhlobo lwephutha | Izibonelo kanye nencazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukukhubazeka kwemithambo yegazi | Uma imithambo yegazi iba mincane kwezinye izindawo, inhliziyo kufanele isebenze kanzima ukupompa igazi. Ngezinye izikhathi imithambo yegazi ingaphazamiseka, okuvumela igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo ukuba ligeleze liye emzimbeni kanye negazi elinomoya-mpilo liye emaphashini. Izibonelo: Ukuhlangana kwe-aorta, i-Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), i-pulmonary artery stenosis . |
| Izinkinga ze-valve yenhliziyo | Ama-valve enhliziyo angaba mancane, angavaleki kahle, avalwe ngokuphelele, noma angasebenzi kahle, okwenza kube nzima ngenhliziyo ukupompa igazi emzimbeni wonke. Izibonelo: Isifo se-aorta ye-Bicuspid, i-Ebstein's anomaly, i-Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) . |
| Amaphutha aseSeptal (amaphutha ezindongeni eziphakathi kwamakamelo enhliziyo) | Lezi “izimbobo enhliziyweni” esesizizwile sonke. Lona umbobo odongeni phakathi kwamakamelo amabili aphezulu (i-atria) noma amakamelo amabili aphansi (i-atrium). Lokhu kuvumela igazi elinomoya-mpilo ukuthi lihlangane negazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo. Lokhu kunciphisa inani lomoya-mpilo egazini elihamba lisuka enhliziyweni liye emzimbeni. Izibonelo: I-Atrial septal defect (ASD), i-Patent foramen ovale (PFO), i-Ventricular septal defect (VSD) . |
Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa lezi zimo?
Lezi zimo zingathinta noma ubani, kungakhathaliseki ubulili, ubudala, noma uhlanga. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izimo zivame kakhulu kwabesifazane kunabesilisa. Isibonelo, izimo ezifana ne-'Atrial septal defect (ASD)' kanye ne-'Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)' zivame kakhulu kwabesifazane. Izimo ezifana ne-'Aortic coarctation' zivame kakhulu kwabesilisa. Futhi, abantu abanezimo zofuzo ezifana ne-'Down syndrome' noma i-'Turner syndrome' nabo basengozini enkulu yokuthola isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso.
Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Yiziphi izinto ezibangela ingozi?
Izikhathi eziningi, ngisho nodokotela abakwazi ukusho ngqo ukuthi kungani kwenzeka isifo senhliziyo esifana nalesi. Ezinye zazo zingazuzwa njengefa. Okusho ukuthi, ngokusebenzisa izakhi zofuzo.
Futhi, izimo ezithile umama abhekana nazo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa zingandisa le ngozi enganeni.
- Uma umama ethola ukutheleleka ngegciwane njenge- rubella noma i-influenza ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala zokukhulelwa.
- Uma umama enesifo sikashukela (uhlobo 1 noma uhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela) .
- Eminye imithi esetshenziselwa izifo ezifana ne-acne kanye nesifo sokuwa ingasetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
- Uma uphuza imithi yobuhlungu njenge -ibuprofen ngemva kwamasonto angu-30 okukhulelwa.
Ingabe nawe unalezi zimpawu?
Izimpawu ze-ACHD ziyahlukahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Ziya ngobudala bakho, inani leziphambeko zenhliziyo onazo, ubukhulu besifo, kanye nohlobo lwesiphambeko. Abanye abantu bangase bangabi nazo nhlobo izimpawu. Uma kuvela izimpawu, zingase zihlanganise:
- Ukushintsha kombala wezinzipho, izindebe, kanye nesikhumba (i-Cyanosis): Lokhu kwenzeka uma kungekho oxygen eyanele egazini eligeleza emzimbeni.
- Isiyezi.
- Ukuzizwa ukhathele kalula: Ukuzizwa sengathi uzowa ngisho nangemva kokusebenza kancane noma ukuhamba.
- Ukububula kwenhliziyo: Awukwazi ukuzwa lokhu. Lo msindo ongavamile uzwakala kuphela uma udokotela efaka i-stethoscope esifubeni sakho.
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo: Umuzwa wokuthi inhliziyo ishaya kakhulu futhi ngokushesha.
- Ukuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo (i-Arrhythmia).
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula (i-Dyspnea).
- Ukuvuvukala (ukuvuvukala) kwamaqakala, izinyawo, noma izandla.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi akubona bonke abanalezi zimpawu abanesifo senhliziyo abazalwa naso. Kodwa uma unalezi zimpawu, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela bese ukhuluma ngakho.
Ukuthola kanjani lokhu, Dokotela?
Uma uya kudokotela, uzoqala ngokukubuza ngezimpawu zakho nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini emndenini wakho onesifo senhliziyo. Ngemuva kwalokho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba futhi alalele imisindo yenhliziyo yakho.
Ukuze uqinisekise ukuxilongwa, ungase ucelwe ukuthi wenze ukuhlolwa okulandelayo noma ngaphezulu:
- I-X-ray yesifuba: Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray yesifuba.
- I-Echocardiogram (echo): Lokhu kufana nokuskena kwenhliziyo. Kungabona ngokucacile ukuma kwenhliziyo, amakamelo, nokuthi ama-valve asebenza kanjani.
- I-Electrocardiogram (EKG): Lokhu kuhlola ukusebenza kukagesi kwenhliziyo, okungukuthi, isigqi sokushaya kwenhliziyo.
- Ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka kokuzivocavoca: I-EKG yenziwa ngenkathi uhamba noma ugijima ku-treadmill, kubhekwe ukuthi inhliziyo yakho isabela kanjani ekuzivocavoceni.
- I-MRI Yenhliziyo kanye ne-CT Scan Yenhliziyo: Ama-scan akhiqiza izithombe zenhliziyo ezicacile nezinobukhulu obuthathu.
- Ukufakwa kwe-catheter enkabeni yenhliziyo: Lokhu kusetshenziselwa kokubili ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa. Ukuhlolwa lapho ipayipi elincane kakhulu (i-catheter) lidluliselwa khona ngemithambo yegazi ethangeni liye enhliziyweni.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Ezinye izinkinga ezincane kakhulu zenhliziyo ezizalwa nazo azidingi ukwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nakulabo abazenzayo, bazodinga ukuhlolwa njalo nodokotela wenhliziyo ukuze babone ukuthi isimo siya siba sibi yini.
Ezinye zidinga ukwelashwa. Uhlobo kanye nobukhali besimo sakho kuzonquma ukwelashwa kwakho.
Imithi
Udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi ehlukahlukene yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwenhliziyo nokulawula izimpawu. Isibonelo, angase akunike imithi elawula umfutho wegazi, elawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo, noma esusa uketshezi oluningi emzimbeni (ama-diuretics).
Amadivayisi Enhliziyo Angatshalwa
- I-Pacemaker: Le divayisi ifakwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba ukulawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ikakhulukazi uma ukushaya kwenhliziyo kuhamba kancane.
- I-ICD (Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator): Idivayisi ethola ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile okusongela impilo futhi inikeze ukushaqeka kukagesi ukuze kulungiswe.
Indlela Yokuhlinza Inhliziyo
Lena inqubo elula kunokuhlinzwa. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, kufakwa ipayipi elincane enhliziyweni bese lisetshenziselwa ukuvala izimbobo enhliziyweni (njenge-ASD). Liphinde lisetshenziselwe ukwandisa imithambo yegazi noma ama-valve anciphile.
Ukuhlinzwa
Amanye amaphutha adinga ukuhlinzwa ukuze kulungiswe. Ama-valve enhliziyo angalungiswa noma ashintshwe, noma amaphutha ayinkimbinkimbi angalungiswa ngokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo evulekile noma ukuhlinzwa okungadingi ukungenelela okuningi.
Ukufakelwa Inhliziyo
Lokhu akuvamile kakhulu. Ukufakelwa inhliziyo kuyindlela yokugcina kubantu abanesifo senhliziyo esibi kakhulu, esisongela ukuphila esingenakwelashwa nganoma yiluphi olunye ukwelashwa.
Kufanele uzinakekele kanjani?
Uma uphila ne-ACHD, udinga nokunakekela impilo yakho.
- Yamukela indlela yokuphila enempilo: Yidla ukudla okulinganiselayo, xhumana nodokotela wakho bese wenza izivivinyo ezifanele wena, futhi ugweme ngokuphelele ukubhema notshwala.
- Tshela bonke odokotela bakho: Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uya kudokotela wamazinyo noma kunoma yimuphi omunye udokotela, qiniseka ukuthi ubatshela ukuthi une-ACHD.
- Bonana nodokotela wenhliziyo njalo: Ngisho noma ungenazo izimpawu, hamba uyohlolwa njengoba udokotela wakho ekuyalele.
- Nakekela amazinyo akho: Gcina amazinyo akho ehlanzekile. Uma izinsini zakho zingenwa yigciwane, amagciwane angahamba egazini lakho futhi athinte inhliziyo yakho (i-endocarditis).
- Funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngaphambi kokukhulelwa: Uma ungowesifazane okhulelwe, kubalulekile ukuthi uxoxe ngakho nodokotela wakho wenhliziyo futhi ucele iseluleko ngaphambi kokuzama ukukhulelwa.
Kunini lapho udinga ukubona udokotela ngokuzumayo?
Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo, ezingaba izimpawu zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo, hamba uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha .
- Ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumula.
- Ukuvuvukala esiswini noma emilenzeni engezansi.
- Ukukhathala ngokweqile, okungavamile ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo.
Futhi, uma uthola izimpawu ezintsha noma unomuzwa wokuthi izimpawu zakho ezikhona ziya ziba zimbi kakhulu, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso kubantu abadala (ACHD) yisimo esingavamile enhliziyweni yakho esiba khona lapho uzalwa.
- Abanye abantu bangase bangabi nazo izimpawu kuze kube yilapho sebekhulile.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukukhathala okuvamile, ukuqina kwesifuba, kanye nesikhumba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yizimpawu ezivamile.
- Ngenxa yezindlela zokwelapha zesimanje zanamuhla (imithi, ukuhlinzwa, izindlela ze-catheter), abantu abaningi bangaphila impilo evamile nesebenzayo.
- Uma unalesi simo, noma ngabe awunazo izimpawu, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlale uqashwe udokotela wezifo zenhliziyo impilo yakho yonke.
Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso, isifo senhliziyo, i-ACHD, isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso kubantu abadala i-sinhala, umgodi enhliziyweni, ubunzima bokuphefumula, ubuhlungu besifuba, ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo, izimpawu zesifo senhliziyo
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