Ingabe ingane yakho ihlushwa yisisu esibuhlungu? Kungaba yi-Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)!

Ingabe ingane yakho ibilokhu inesifo sohudo esibuhlungu esiswini izinsuku ezimbalwa? Ungase ubone ngisho negazi kuso. Kuvamile ngawe, njengomzali, ukukhathazeka kakhulu uma lokho kwenzeka. Uma unezimpawu ezinjengalezi, kungaba okungaphezu nje kobuhlungu besisu obuvamile. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimo esingaba sibi kakhulu, kodwa esingelapheka kakhulu uma sibonakala kusenesikhathi. Lokho (i-Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome) , noma (i-HUS) ngamafuphi.

Iyini i-Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)? Masiyiqonde kalula.

Kulungile, manje ake sibheke ukuthi lokhu (i-HUS) kuyini. Kalula nje, kuyisimo lapho imithambo yegazi emincane ezinso zethu ivaleka khona . Cabanga ngakho njengopayipi wamanzi ovalekayo bese amanzi eyeka ukugeleza. Lokhu kuvimbeka kubangela izinto ezintathu eziyinhloko ezenzekayo:

1. Amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi ayabhujiswa: Kwezokwelapha, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-hemolytic anemia . Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi yiwo athwala umoya-mpilo emizimbeni yethu yonke. Ngakho-ke uma ebhujiswa, inani lomoya-mpilo elidingwa umzimba liyancipha.

2. Inani lama-platelet egazini liyancipha: Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-thrombocytopenia . Ama-platelet amangqamuzana amancane asiza ukujiya kwegazi lethu lapho siphuma igazi. Uma lokhu kwehla, kuba nzima ukuyeka ukuphuma kwegazi, futhi imihuzuko ingavela emzimbeni wonke.

3. Ukulimala kwezinso: Lena yinto eyingozi kakhulu. Uma izinso zingasebenzi kahle, azikwazi ukususa imfucuza eqoqana emzimbeni. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi (i-Acute Kidney Injury - AKI) .

Nakuba i-HUS ingathinta noma ubani, ivame ukubangelwa ukutheleleka ngamagciwane , ikakhulukazi i-Escherichia coli , eyaziwa ngokuthi i-E. coli . Leli gciwane liyimbangela yohudo, ikakhulukazi uhudo olunegazi. Kodwa-ke, i-syndrome iyiqoqo lezimpawu, futhi i-HUS ingavela nakwezinye izimbangela ngaphandle kwe-E. coli.

Lesi simo (i-HUS) singathinta hhayi izinso kuphela, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi nezinye izitho ezifana nenhliziyo nobuchopho. Kodwa-ke, sivame ukuthinta izinso.

Okubaluleke kakhulu: Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninesifo sohudo esinegazi noma ninesifo sohudo isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezintathu, qiniseka ukuthi nibonana nodokotela. Uma ingelashwa, i-HUS ingaba yingozi kakhulu futhi isongela nokuphila.

Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-HUS?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko ze-(HUS). Ake sifunde kancane ngazo:

1. "Okujwayelekile" (HUS): Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu . Luvame ukubangelwa ukutheleleka ngamagciwane, ikakhulukazi i-E. coli, okuthinta amathumbu ethu amancane kanye nekholoni.

2. "Angavamile" (HUS) (aHUS): Lokhu kuyinto engavamile kancane.Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa yizizathu zofuzo, okusho ukuthi kuzuzwa njengefa kubazali kubantwana.

3. "Okwesibili" (HUS): Lolu hlobo lwenzeka uma luhambisana nezinye izimo zezokwelapha. Isibonelo, lungabangelwa imithi ethile, ezinye izifo, noma ukukhulelwa.

Ake sifunde okwengeziwe nge-"Atypical" (HUS) (aHUS)

(aHUS) yisimo esingavamile kakhulu. Singabangela nezimpawu ezifanayo nezedlule:

• Ukwehla kwamazinga amangqamuzana abomvu egazi.
• Ukwehla kwenani lamaplatelet.
• Ukwehluleka kwezinso okungazelelwe (ukwehluleka kwezinso okukhulu) .
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme (umfutho wegazi ophakeme) noma ukungakwazi ukulawula umfutho wegazi.

Lesi simo (aHUS) ngokuvamile siyisifo sofuzo . Okusho ukuthi, sibangelwa izinguquko ezithile (ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo) ezakhiweni zethu zofuzo. Kodwa-ke, noma ngabe lesi simo sofuzo sikhona, sibangelwa ukutheleleka okuthile, izifo, noma isici sendawo ezungezile.

Kuvamile kangakanani (i-HUS)?

Abantu abaphakathi kuka-5% no-15% abathola isifo sohudo esibangelwa yibhaktheriya (i-E. coli) bazohlushwa yi-HUS . Uhlobo olubizwa ngokuthi (aHUS) aluvamile kakhulu. Luvela kubantu abacishe babe munye kwabayisigidi.

Yiziphi izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-(HUS)?

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uqaphele lezi zimpawu.

Izimpawu zokuqala ezibonakalayo:

• Uhudo: Ngokuvamile luhambisana negazi.
• Ubuhlungu besisu.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu .
• Ukugodola nomkhuhlane.

Ezinye izici ezibonakalayo:

• Ukuphuka okulula.
• Isikhumba esikhanyayo (ukukhanya okukhanyayo): Ingaphakathi lekhala ngisho nengaphakathi lomlomo kungase kube mhlophe.
• Ukudideka.
• Ukuquleka.
• Izimo ezifana nokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi.
• Isilinganiso senhliziyo esisheshayo (i-arrhythmia).

Uma isimo se-(HUS) siba sibi kakhulu, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi abhujisiwe angabangela amahlule egazi futhi alimaze izitho ezifana nezinso. Khona-ke izinso azikwazi ukuhlunga imfucuza kahle. Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi (Acute Kidney Injury - AKI) . Nazi izimpawu zaso:

• Igazi emchameni (i-hematuria).
• Amazinga aphezulu obuthi egazini: Lokhu kungabangela ukungakhululeki nomuzwa wokugula.
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (ukuphelelwa umoya).
• Ukuvuvukala: Kungase kube nokuvuvukala, ikakhulukazi emilenzeni nasemaqakaleni.
• Ukwehla kokukhishwa komchamo (i-oliguria).

Yiziphi izimbangela eziyinhloko ze-(HUS)?

Amacala amaningi e-HUS abangelwa izinhlobo ezithile zamagciwane e-E. coli. Lawa magciwane akhiqiza ubuthi obubizwa ngokuthi i-Shiga toxin . Lobu buthi bulimaza ulwelwesi lwamathumbu ethu amancane futhi bubangele uhudo. Lobu buthi bungena nasegazini, bubhubhise amangqamuzana abomvu egazi futhi bulimaze nezinso.

Unamathuba amaningi okuthola ukutheleleka nge-E. coli kusuka ku:

• Inyama engaphekiwe kahle: ikakhulukazi inyama yenkomo, inyama yenkomo egayiwe.
• Ubisi neziphuzo zezithelo ezingaphekwanga: Ukuhlanza i-pasteurization inqubo yokushisa emnene ebulala izinto eziyingozi njengebhaktheriya.
• Izithelo nemifino engagezwanga, engcolile.

Lezi zinhlobo ze-E. coli ezikhiqiza ubuthi zibizwa nangokuthi i-Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) . Uhlobo lwe-STEC oluvame kakhulu eNyakatho Melika yi -E. coli O157:H7 .

Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi imithi ethile kanye nezinto ezithile zingabangela "i-secondary (HUS)". Izibonelo:

• Imithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali: njenge (i-bleomycin), (i-cisplatin), (i-gemcitabine).
• Imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba: njenge (cyclosporine), (tacrolimus).
• I-Quinine: Umuthi we-malaria.
• Ezinye izidakamizwa : (oxymorphone), (ecstasy), (cocaine).

Ingabe (i-HUS) iyathelelana?

Cha, i-HUS ayithelelani.

Kodwa-ke, igciwane le-E. coli lingadluliselwa. Leli gciwane lingadluliselwa ngokudla noma iziphuzo ezingcolisiwe, noma ngokuhlangana nendle yomuntu noma yesilwane esinesifo sohudo esitheleleke nge-E. coli. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela kakhulu inhlanzeko.

Ubani okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi athole isifo (i-HUS)?

Nakuba noma ubani engaba ne-HUS, abantu abalandelayo basengozini enkulu:

• Kwabantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala.
• Kulabo abanesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka (abangavikelekile).
• Uma othile emndenini wakho eke waba ne-HUS ngaphambili (ikakhulukazi i-aHUS).
• Uma uthola ukutheleleka nge-E. coli: Ikakhulukazi ezintweni ezifana nenyama engaphekiwe kahle nobisi olungaphekiwe.
• Ukuxhumana ngqo nomuntu onesifo sohudo esibangelwa yi-E. coli.

Wazi kanjani ukuthi unayo (i-HUS)? (Ukuxilongwa)

Uma ubona udokotela, uzokwenza lezi zinto:

• Buza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha .
• Buza ngomlando wezokwelapha womndeni wakho.
• Kuhlolwa umzimba .

Uma lezi zinto ziphakamisa ukusola ngesimo se-HUS, udokotela uzoyala ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.

Hlobo luni lokuhlolwa okwenziwayo?

• Ukuhlolwa Komchamo: Kuthathwa isampula yomchamo wakho bese kuhlolwa iphrotheni noma igazi.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Kuthathwa isampula yegazi ukuze kuhlolwe izinto ezifana nenani lamaseli abomvu egazi, amazinga e-platelet, nokuthi izinso zakho nesibindi zisebenza kahle kangakanani.
• Ukuhlolwa kwendle: Kuthathwa isampula yendle bese kuhlolwa ukuthi ikhona yini amagciwane abangela i-HUS, njenge-E. coli O157.
• Ukuhlolwa kofuzo: Ngezinye izikhathi, isampula yegazi lakho lingathunyelwa ukuze liyohlolwa ngofuzo. Lokhu kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi unesifo sofuzo esifana ne-aHUS nokuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezinso: Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha ingxenye encane yezinso bese uyihlola ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze kubonakale ukuthi umonakalo ongakanani owenzekile ezinso nokuthi yini ebangele lokhu. Akuwona wonke umuntu okudingayo.

Ukuhlolwa kungaqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi une-HUS?

• Kusukela ekuhlolweni komchamo: Uma kukhona igazi noma iphrotheni emchameni.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Uma amazinga abomvu egazi kanye nama-platelet ephansi, noma uma amanani abonisa ukusebenza kwezinso (njenge-creatinine) ephakanyisiwe.
• Ukuhlolwa kwendle: Uma kutholakala amagciwane afana ne-(E. coli O157).
• Ukuhlolwa kwezinso: Umonakalo othize ezinso ungabonakala.

Iphathwa kanjani (i-HUS)?

Uma kutholakale ukuthi une-HUS, kuzodingeka ulaliswe esibhedlela futhi welashwe. Izindlela zokwelapha zifaka:

• Uketshezi olufakwa ngemithambo yegazi (IV) kanye/noma ukudla ngamapayipi (ukudla okunomsoco kwangaphakathi): Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni futhi kunikeze ukudla okunomsoco okudingekayo.
• Imithi:
• Bazama ukunciphisa umonakalo wezinso ngokunikeza imithi yokwehlisa umfutho wegazi (imithi yokwehlisa umfutho wegazi) .
• Abantu abane-aHUS banganikezwa imithi ethile efana ne -eculizumab noma i-ravulizumab . Ngaphambi kokuqala le mithi, kubalulekile ukugonyelwa izifo ze -meningococcal kanye ne -pneumococcal , njengoba le mithi yandisa ingozi yokuthola lezo zifo.
• Kungadingeka ukuthi uphuze ama-antibiotic okungenani amasonto amabili.
• Ukumpontshelwa igazi: Ukunikeza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi nama-platelet kumuntu one-(HUS) kubaluleke kakhulu. Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anciphisa izimpawu ze-anemia, njengokuphelelwa umoya kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo. Ama-platelet asiza ukujiya kwegazi ngendlela efanele, anciphise ukopha kanye nokuklwebheka.

Uma izinso zonakele kakhulu, kungadingeka i-dialysis ukuze kuhlanzwe igazi kuze kube yilapho izinso zilulama. Uma izinso zehluleka ngokuphelele ngenxa ye-HUS, kungadingeka ukufakelwa izinso .

Ingabe i-HUS ingalapheka ngokuphelele?

Yebo, abantu abaningi bayalulama e-HUS ngaphandle kokulimala unomphela empilweni yabo.

Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu, ikakhulukazi izingane ezincane, bangase babe nesifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona (CKD) ku-20% kuya ku-50%. Isifo sezinso sokugcina (ESK) singakhula ku-3% kuya ku-5%. Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi i-CKD ithinta cishe abantu abadala abangu-45%.

Abantu abangaphezu kuka-85% abathola i-HUS balulama ngokugcwele ekusebenzeni kwezinso zabo. Kodwa-ke, noma ngabe balulama ngokuphelele, kunethuba elincane lokuthi bazoba nomfutho wegazi ophakeme noma ezinye izinkinga zezinso esikhathini esizayo.

Ingabe i-HUS ingavinjelwa?

Nazi ezinye izinto ongazenza ukusiza ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka kwe-E. coli, imbangela enkulu ye-HUS. Lezi zibaluleke kakhulu kuwe nomndeni wakho:

• Gwema ukubhukuda ezindaweni ezingcolile (emachibini, emifuleni), ikakhulukazi uma ucabanga ukuthi amanzi anamazinga aphezulu amagciwane.
• Uma unesifo sohudo, ungabhukudi.
• Gwema ukuphuza iziphuzo ezingaphekiwe (eziluhlaza) (ubisi, ijusi yezithelo).
• Hlanza kahle izinto zasekhishini (imimese, amafoloko, izipuni) kanye nezindawo zokulungiselela ukudla (amakhawunta, amabhodi okusika, izitsha).
• Pheka amaqanda nenyama egayiwe kahle kuze kufike ezingeni lokushisa langaphakathi okungenani elingu-71 degrees Celsius (160 degrees Fahrenheit), kanye nenkukhu kuze kufike ezingeni lokushisa langaphakathi elingu-74 degrees Celsius (165 degrees Fahrenheit).
• Uma uncibilikisa inyama, yibeke ku-microwave noma esiqandisini. Ungayincibilikisi endaweni yokulungiselela ukudla noma emanzini ashisayo.
• Gcina ukudla okuluhlaza nokuphekiwe kuhlukene.
• Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi ashisayo ngaphambi kokudla, ngemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, ngemva kokushintsha amanabukeni ezingane ezincane, nangemva kokuthinta izilwane zasepulazini.

Cabanga nje, ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo ezilula, ungazivikela esimweni esibucayi njengalesi.

Yini ongayilindela uma unayo (i-HUS)?

Ngokuxilongwa nokwelashwa okufanele, iningi labantu abane-HUS liyalulama ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokulimala unomphela empilweni yabo. Kodwa-ke, kunengozi yokuthola umfutho wegazi ophakeme noma ezinye izimo ezithinta izinso esikhathini esizayo.

Amacala amakhulu e-HUS, ikakhulukazi uma ethinta ezinye izitho zomzimba, njengobuchopho, angabulala uma engelashwa.

Angakanani amathuba okusinda (i-HUS)?

Uma ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa okufanele, abantu abangaphezu kuka-90% bayasinda ku-HUS. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukungesabi futhi ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha uma unezimpawu.

Ngizinakekela kanjani?

Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninesifo sohudo esibi kakhulu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzama ukubuyisela amanzi emzimbeni wenu.Iziphuzo zokubuyisela amanzi emzimbeni, njengeJeevani, zingasiza ekubuyiseleni ama-electrolyte alahlekile. Izinsana nezingane ezincane kungadingeka zinikezwe ubisi lwebele noma ifomula. Buza udokotela ngendlela engcono kakhulu yokugcina ingane yakho inamanzi emzimbeni.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Bheka udokotela ngokushesha uma unalezi zimpawu:

• Uhudo olunegazi.
• Uhudo oluhlala izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezintathu.
• Ukuvuvukala komzimba.
• Isikhumba esiphuka kalula.
• Ukukhathala okukhulu.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela?

Ungabuza udokotela le mibuzo:

• Uqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi ngine-Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome?
• Ngithole kanjani i-Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome?
• Uma ngingenayo i-Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, yisiphi esinye isimo sezokwelapha engingaba naso?
• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okuncomayo?
• Ingabe izinso zami zizolimala unomphela?
• Ingabe ngizoba nomfutho wegazi ophakeme noma ezinye izinkinga zezinso esikhathini esizayo?

Iyini i-triad ye-Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome?

I-triad iyinhlanganisela yezimpawu ezintathu eziyinhloko ezibonisa isimo esithile sezokwelapha.

I-Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome triad ihlanganisa:

1. Ukulimala kwamangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi (i-microangiopathic hemolytic anemia) .

2. Ukwehla kancane kancane kwenani lama-platelet egazini lakho (thrombocytopenia) .

3. Ukulimala kwezinso okukhulu .

Uma nginesifo sohudo, ingabe lokho kusho ukuthi ngine-Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome?

Ukuthi nje unesifo sohudo akusho ukuthi une-Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome. Kodwa-ke, uma unesifo sohudo esinegazi, noma uma isifo sohudo sakho sibi kakhulu (kuze kube yilapho uhudo olumanzi noma oluhlala izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezintathu), kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-(Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome) kanye ne-(Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura - TTP)?

I-Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) kanye ne-Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) yizimo ezimbili ezifanayo. Ku-TTP, amahlule egazi akheka emithanjeni yegazi emincane. Nakuba odokotela babevame ukuhlanganisa i-HUS kanye ne-TTP ndawonye, ​​manje sezibhekwa njengezimo ezihlukene.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Isifo sohudo sivame ukuba yisimo sesikhashana, kodwa esingakhululekile. Sivame ukuba ngcono ngosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili. Kodwa-ke, uma unesifo sohudo esinegazi, noma uma unesifo sohudo isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezintathu, kanye nokuzizwa ukhathele, uphaphathekile, noma ukhipha umchamo omncane uma uya endlini yokugezela, sekuyisikhathi sokubona udokotela ngokushesha.

Isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome singalimaza kakhulu izinso zakho futhi sithinte nezinye izitho zomzimba.Uma usheshe uthole ukwelashwa kwalokhu, mancane amathuba okuba nomonakalo wezinso zakho isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, qaphela izimpawu, gcina inhlanzeko enhle, futhi ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha uma unenkinga. Impilo yakho ibaluleke kakhulu kuwe!

I- Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, i-HUS, Isifo Sezinso, Uhudo, i-E. coli, Amaseli Egazi Abomvu, Ama-Platelet, Impilo Yengane